Basic Grammar

(Pronoun, Simple Present and Present Continuous)

By: Baqiyatus Sholihah,

M.Pd
 Pronoun
Subject Object Meaning

I Me Aku, saya

You You Kamu, Kalian

We Us Kita

They Them Mereka

He Him Dia (Laki-laki)

She Her Dia (Perempuan)

It It Dia (Benda)

Kita = with you Kami = without you

He+she = they

Book = it books = they

 Example & drill
● I see you
● You see me
● They see us
● We see them
● He sees her
● She sees him
● visit
 Tenses
● Definisi :

● Perubahan kata kerja berdasarkan

waktu dan sifat kejadian

Waktu: present, past, future dan past

future
Sifat: Simple, continuous, perfect dan
Perfect continuous
 Tenses 1: Simple Present
Fungsi: menyatakan kegiatan yang dikerjakan
berulang-ulang, kebiasaan.

Pola kalimat : (+) S + V1 (s/es)

Example :We study everyday

She goes to campus every morning
 Ketentuan Penambahan “s/es”

● “s/es” hanya di tambahkan pada kalimat (+)

dengan subjek “he, she atau it.”

● Example:
○ I speak English = She Speaks English
○ They cry loudly = A baby cries loudly
○ We watch footbal match = He watches football match
○ Ch, sh, ss = +es
○ Catches, washes, discusses

○ Study = studies
○ Fly = flies
(+) S + V1 (s/es)
(-) S + do/does + not + V1

Example :
(+) We study everyday
(-) We don’t study everyday

(+) She goes to campus every morning

(-) She doesn’t go campus every morning
 Ketentuan penggunaan“do/does”

● “do/does” digunakan sebagai kata bantu pada kalimat (-)

dan (?).

● “do” digunakan ketika subject-nya salah satu dari “I, you,

we, they”.
● “does” untuk kalimat dengan subjek “he, she atau it.”

● Example:
they don’t work in hospital everyday
John doesn’t drink medicine every night
Alex and Sarah don’t study together
(+) S + V1 (s/es)
(-) S + do/does + not + V1
(?) DO/ Does + S + V1

Example
(+) We study everyday
(-) We don’t study everyday
(?) Do we study everyday?

(+) She goes to campus every morning

(-) She doesn’t go campus every morning
(?) Does she go to campus every morning?
 Tenses 2: Present Continuous
Fungsi : Menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang
terjadi/berlangsung.

Pola kalimat : (+) S + tobe (is/am/are) + Ving

Eat – eating, sleep-sleeping , sing- singing

Example : I am studying
We are discussing
He is sleeping
 Ketentuan penggunaan“is/am/are”
● “are” digunakan ketika subject-nya salah satu dari
“ you, we, they, Ana & Ani, the cats”.
● The cats are eating fish.

● “is” untuk kalimat dengan subjek “he, she atau it.”

● Suzan is reading a journal article.

● “am” untuk kalimat dengan subjek “I”.

(+) S + is/am/are + Ving
(-) S + is/am/are + not + Ving

Example :
(+) I am studying
(-) I am not studying

(+) We are discussing

(-) We aren’t discussing

(+) He is sleeping
(-) He isn’t sleeping

Note : is not = isn’t

: are not = aren’t
(+) S + is/am/are + Ving
(-) S + is/am/are + not + Ving
(?) Is/am/are + S + Ving

Example :
(+) I am studying
(-) I am not studying
(?) Am I studying?
(+) We are discussing
(-) We aren’t discussing
(?) Are we discussing?
(+) He is sleeping
(-) He isn’t sleeping
(?) Is he sleeping?
● Mereka sedang menulis sebuah artikel
● They are writing an writing an article

● Ihsan tidak begadang setiap malam

● Ihsan doesn’t stay up everynight

● Apakah kamu sedang mengerjakan tugas?

● Are you doing an assignment?

● Apakah kita belajar bersama setiap hari?

● Do we study together everyday?
Fill the Blank with the Most Appropriate
Verb Form

Dita (1) _______ (be) an agency nurse from the

Nurse Pro Agency. She (2) __________ (be) from
Banjarmasin but she (3) _____________ (not live) in
Kalimantan. She (4) ____________ (live) in Pare
Kediri now and she (5) _________ (work) here too.
Dita (6) ______________ (have) two friends at this
hospital: Ria and Ayu: but she (7) ___________ (not
work) the same shifts as them. “I (8) ___________
(have) classes during the day.” he says, “and so I
usually (9)_______________ (work) during the night
shift.’
Fill the Blank with the Most Appropriate
Verb Form
1. A: Lisa, I need some help.
(1)______ (you/do) anything important?
B: Yes, I’m sorrry. I (2) _______ (change) Ms Bandine’s IV.
Is it urgent?
A: No, I can wait five minutes.

2. A: Mr. Halpert’s call light is on.

B: He (3) _______ (probably/complain) about pain again.
A: The poor guy (4) ________ (have) trouble sleeping.
I’ll go and give him some pain medication.

3. A: What (5) __________(the nursing assistants/do)?

B: They’re with Ms Davis.
I think they_____(take) her temperature