RUMUS TENSES

No Tenses Keterangan Kata Sinyal Kalimat (+) Kalimat (-) Kalimat (?)
Digunakan untuk always, every, never, (Do/does + Subject + Verb1 +
(Subject + Verb/ Verb-s/es + (Subject + am/are/is/do/does +
Simple present menunjukkan fakta, kebiasaan, normally, often, Complement? )
1 Complement ) = I work hard for not + complement ) = He does
tense dan keadaan umum yang terjadi sometimes, usually, = Does he work hard for this
this company. not work hard for this company.
pada saat ini. seldom company?

Digunakan untuk
Present membicarakan aksi yang sedang at the moment, just (Subject + am/are/is + Verb-ing + (Subject + am/are/is + Not + (Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing +
2 Continuous berlangsung. Yang paling utama dari now, now, right now, Complement ) = We are Complement) = We are not Complement?) = Are we studying
Tense tense ini adalah adanya durasi Listen!, Look! studying English. studying English. English?
waktu untuk kata kerjanya.
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan
already, ever, just, (Subject + has/have + Verb3 + (Subject + has/have + not + Verb3 (Has/have + Subject + Verb3 +
Present suatu aksi atau kejadian sudah
3 never, not yet, so far, Complement ) = I have + Complement ) = She has not Complement? ) = Have they finished
Perfect Tense selesai dan menekankan pada
till now . finished my homework. finished her homework. their homework?
hasilnya.

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi

yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan
Present (Subject + has/have + been + (Subject + has/have + not + been + (Has/have + Subject + been + Verb-
terus berlanjut sampai saat ini.
Perfect since, for the past …, Verb-ing + Complement ) Verb-ing + Complement ) ing + Complement? )
4 Biasanya aksi yang
Continuous the whole week. = She has been speaking for the = You have not been working here = Have you been working here since
menggunakan tense ini mempunyai
Tense last 3 hours. since 2015. 2015?
durasi waktu tentu dan mempunyai
relevansi dengan kondisi sekarang.

(Subject + Verb2 + (Did + Subject + Verb1 +

last year, last month, (Subject + did/was/were not +
Simple Past Digunakan untuk menunjukkan Complement atau subject + Complement? atau Was/were +
5 yesterday, in 1996, Verb1 + Complement ) = He did
Tense suatu kejadian di masa lampau. was/were + Complement ) = Subject + Complement? ) = Did you
last Sunday. not work hard for that company.
I worked hard for that company. work hard for that company?
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan
suatu kejadian yang sedang terjadi
(Was/were + Subject + Verb-ing +
Past pada masa lampau. Biasanya ada when, while, as long (Subject + was/were + Verb-ing + (Subject + was/were + Not + Verb-
Complement? )
6 Continuous dua kejadian terjadi di masa lampau as, at this time Complement ) = I was ing + Complement ) = I was not
= Was I studying English when he
Tense dan kejadian yang diinterupsi yesterday. studying English when he called. studying English when he called.
called?
tersebut yang
menggunakan tense ini.
No Tenses Keterangan Kata Sinyal Kalimat (+) Kalimat (-) Kalimat (?)
 Digunakan untuk menunjukkan
kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu
tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih
menekankan pada hasil dari pada
Past Perfect
7 durasinya kejadiannya. Biasanya
Tense
digunakan untuk menunjukkan
kejadian mana yang terjadi terlebih
dahulu di antara dua kejadian yang
disebut.
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi
yang terjadi di masa lalu dan sudah
Past Perfect selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa
for, since, the whole
8 Continuous lalu juga. Tense ini menekankan
Tense pada durasi kejadiannya. Tense ini
juga digunakan pada Reported
Speech.
Rumus Bahasa Inggris ini digunakan
Simple Future next…, tomorrow, five
9 untuk menunjukkan aksi atau suatu
Tense
keadaan di masa depan.
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan
Future
suatu aksi atau keadaan yang akan tomorrow morning, in
10 Continuous
terjadi di suatu waktu tertentu di
Tense
masa yang akan datang.
Future Perfect Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi
11
Tense yang akan berakhir di masa depan.
No Tenses Keterangan
Rumus Bahasa Inggris ini digunakan
Future Perfect untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan
12 Continuous terus terjadi di masa
Tense depan. Tense ini menekankan pada
hasil.
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi
Past Future yang seharusnya dilakukan di masa
13
Tense lalu namun gagal (rencana yang
gagal).
(Subject + had + Verb3 +
yesterday, till three Complement ) = I had
days ago, already, finished my homework before I
until that day. met up with my friends
yesterday.
(Subject + had + been + Verb-ing (Subject + had + not + been + Verb- (Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing +
+ Complement ) = You had been ing + Complement ) = He had not
day, all day.
crying for an hour.
(Subject + will/be going to +
Verb1 + Complement ) = I am
days later. going to work hard for this
company.
(Subject + will / be going to+ be
+ Verb-ing + Complement ) = I
ten years.
will be studying English.
(Subject + will have + Verb3 +
Complement ) = I will have
next…, in a week.
finished my homework by
tomorrow.
Kata Sinyal Kalimat (+)
(Subject + would + have + been + (Subject + would + not + have + (Would + Subject + have + been +
for the last…, all day Verb-ing + Complement ) = In
long. 2020, she would have been
working here for two years.
(Subject + would/should + Verb1
yesterday, the day + Complement ) = I would
before, last week. come to your party if you invited
me.
(Subject + had + not + Verb3 + (Had + Subject + Verb3 +
Complement ) = I had not Complement? ) = Had I finished my
finished my homework before I homework before I met up with my
met up with my friends yesterday. friends yesterday?
Complement? ) = Had she been
been crying for an hour. crying for an hour?
(Will + Subject + Verb1 +
(Subject + will not / be not going
Complement? atau Be + Subject +
to + Verb1 + Complement ) = I am
going to + Verb1 + Complement? )
not going to work hard for this
= Am I going to work hard for this
company.
company?
(Subject + will not / be not going (Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing +
to + be + Verb-ing + Complement ) Complement? ) = Are you going to
= I will not be studying English. be studying English?
(Subject + will not have + Verb3 + (Will + Subject + have Verb3 +
Complement ) = I will not have Complement? ) = Will I have
finished my homework by finished my homework by
tomorrow. tomorrow?
Kalimat (-) Kalimat (?)
been + Verb-ing + Complement ) Verb-ing + Complement? ) = In
= In 2020, she would not have 2020, would she have been working
been working here for two years. here for two years?
(Subject + would/should not +
(Would/should + Subject + Verb1 +
Verb1 + Complement ) = I would
Complement? ) = Would I come to
not come to your party if you did
your party if you invited me?
not invite me.
 Digunakan untuk menunjukkan
suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan di
Past Future
masa lampau dan
14 Continuous
akan berlangsung hingga waktu
Tense
tertentu di masa lampau. Tense ini
menekankan pada durasi aksinya.
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan
suatu aksi yang
Past Future akan sudah dilakukan di masa
15
Perfect Tense lampau namun ternyata tidak
dilakukan (rencana yang gagal).
Tense ini menekankan pada hasil.
Rumus Bahasa Inggris ini digunakan
Past Future untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan
Perfect sudah dan masih sedang dilakukan
16
Continuous di masa lampau, namun sebenarnya
Tense tidak terjadi. Tense ini menekankan
pada durasi dan hasilnya.
(Subject + would/should + be + (Subject + would/should not + be + (Would/should + Subject + be +
Verb-ing + Complement ) = I Verb-ing + Complement ) = I would Verb-ing + Complement? )
would be studying if you had not not be studying if you had not = Would I be studying if you did not
disturbed me yesterday. disturbed me yesterday. disturb me yesterday?
(Subject + would/should + have Subject + would/should not + (Would/should + Subject + be +
+ Verb3 + Complement ) have + Verb3 + Complement ) Verb3 + Complement? )
= I would have bought a new car = I would not have bought a new = Would I have bought a new car if
if I had enough money. car if I had enough money. I had enough money?
(Subject + would/should + have (Subject + would/should not +
+ been + Verb-ing + have + been + Verb-ing + (Would/should + Subject + have +
for, but, Complement ) = She would have Complement ) = She would not Verb-ed + Complement? ) = Would
unfortunately. been waiting for me for three have been waiting for me for she have waited for me for three
hours yesterday but she had left three hours yesterday but she had hours yesterday?
by 9.00 PM. left by 9.00 PM.