Tabel 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Event
Time Perfect
Simple Continuous Perfect Continuous
Simple Present Present Present Perfect Present Perfect
Present Tense Continuous Tense Tense Continuous Tense
Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect
Past Tense Tense Tense Continuous Tense
Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect
Future Tense Tense Tense Continuous Tense
Past Future
Past Future Past Future Perfect
Past Future Past Future Tense Continuous Tense Perfect Tense Continuous Tense

Tenses dalam Bentuk “Present”

1. Simple Present Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan fakta, kebiasaan, dan keadaan umum yang terjadi pada saat ini.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + Verb / Verb-s/es
+ Complement • I work hard for this company.
• He works hard for this company.
Positif Atau
• You are beautiful.
Subject + am/are/is + • She is beautiful.
Complement
Sunbect + do/does not +
• I do not work hard for this company.
Verb1 + Complement
• He does not work hard for this
Negatif Atau company.
• You are not beautiful.
Subject + am/are/is + not +
• She is not beautiful.
complement
Do/does + Subject + Verb1
+ Complement? • Do I work hard for this company?
• Does he work hard for this company?
Interogatif Atau
• Are you beautiful?
Am/are/is + Subject + • Is she beautiful?
Complement?
2. Present Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung. Yang paling utama dari tense
ini adalah adanya durasi waktu untuk kata kerjanya.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + am/are/is + Verb-
Positif
ing + Complement We are studying English.
Subject + am/are/is + Not +
Negatif
Complement We are not studying English.
Am/are/is + Subject +
Interogatif
Verb-ing + Complement? Are we studying English?

3. Present Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi atau kejadian sudah selesai dan menekankan
pada hasilnya.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + has/have + Verb3 • I have finished my homework.

Positif
+ Complement • She has finished her homework.

Subject + has/have + not + • I have not finished my homework.

Negatif
Verb3 + Complement • She has not finished her homework.

Has/have + Subject + • Have I finished my homework?

Interogatif
Verb3 + Complement? • Has she finished her homework?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan terus berlanjut
sampai saat ini. Biasanya aksi yang menggunakan tense ini mempunyai durasi waktu tentu dan
mempunyai relevansi dengan kondisi sekarang.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh

• You have been working here since

Subject + has/have + been 2015.
Positif
+ Verb-ing + Complement • She has been speaking for the last 3
hours.

• You have not been working here

Subject + has/have + not +
since 2015.
Negatif been + Verb-ing +
• She has not been speaking for the last
Complement
3 hours.

Has/have + Subject + been
Interogatif
+ Verb-ing + Complement?
• Have you been working here since
2015?
• Has she been speaking for the last 3
hours?

Tenses dalam Bentuk “Past”

5. Simple Past Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian di masa lampau.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + Verb2 +
Complement • I worked hard for that company.
• He worked hard for that company.
Positif Atau
• You were beautiful.
Subject + was/were + • She was beautiful.
Complement
Subject + did not + Verb1
• I did not work hard for that company.
+ Complement
• He did not work hard for that
Negatif Atau company.
• You were not beautiful.
Subject + was/were + not +
• She was not beautiful.
Complement
Did + Subject + Verb1 +
Complement? • Did I work hard for that company?
• Did he work hard for that company?
Interogatif Atau
• Were you beautiful?
Was/were + Subject + • Was she beautiful?
Complement?

6. Past Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Biasanya, ada 2 kejadian terjadi di masa lampau, dan kejadian yang diinterupsi tersebut yang
menggunakan tense ini.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + was/were +
Positif
Verb-ing + Complement I was studying English when he called.
Subject + was/were + Not
Negatif
+ Verb-ing + Complement I was not studying English when he called.
 Was/were + Subject +
Interogatif
Verb-ing + Complement? Was I studying English when he called?

7. Past Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau,
dan lebih menekankan pada hasil dari pada durasinya kejadiannya. Biasanya digunakan untuk
menunjukkan kejadian mana yang terlebih terjadi dahulu di antara 2 kejadian yang terjadi di
masa lampau.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + had + Verb3 + I had finished my homework before I met up
Positif
Complement with my friends yesterday.
Subject + had + not + I had not finished my homework before I met
Negatif
Verb3 + Complement up with my friends yesterday.
Had + Subject + Verb3 + Had I finished my homework before I met up
Interogatif
Complement? with my friends yesterday?

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan sudah selesai pada waktu
tertentu di masa lalu juga. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya. Tense ini juga
digunakan pada Reported Speech
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + had + been +
Positif
Verb-ing + Complement You had been crying for an hour.
Subject + had + not + been
Negatif
+ Verb-ing + Complement You had not been crying for an hour.
Had + Subject + been +
Interogatif
Verb-ing + Complement? Had you been crying for an hour?

Tenses dalam Bentuk “Future”

9. Simple Future Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi atau suatu keadaan di masa depan.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + will/be going to
Positif • I will work hard for this company.
+ Verb1 + Complement
 • I am going to work hard for this
company.

Subject + will not / be not • I will not work hard for this company.
Negatif going to + Verb1 + • I am not going to work hard for this
Complement company.
Will + Subject + Verb1 +
Complement?
• Will I work hard for this company?
Subject Atau • Am I going to work hard for this
company?
Be + Subject + going to +
Verb1 + Complement?

10. Future Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi atau keadaan yang akan terjadi di suatu waktu
tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + will / be going
• I will be studying English.
Positif to+ be + Verb-ing +
• You are going be studying English.
Complement

Subject + will not / be not • I will not be studying English.

Negatif going to + be + Verb-ing + • You are not going to be
Complement studying English.

Am/are/is + Subject + • Will I be studying English?

Interogatif
Verb-ing + Complement? • Are you going to be studying English?

11. Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan berakhir di masa depan.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + will have +
Positif
Verb3 + Complement I will have finished my homework.
Subject + will not have +
Negatif
Verb3 + Complement I will not have finished my homework.
Will + Subject + have
Interogatif
Verb3 + Complement? Will I have finished my homework?
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan terus terjadi di masa depan. Tense
ini menekankan pada hasil.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + will + have +
Positif been + Verb-ing + In 2020, she will have been working here for
Complement 2 years.
Subject + will + not + have
Negatif + been + Verb-ing + In 2020, she will not have been working here
Complement for 2 years.
Will + Subject + have +
Interogatif been + Verb-ing + In 2020, will she have been working here for
Complement? 2 years?

13. Past Future Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan dilakukan di masa lalu namun gagal (rencana
yang gagal).
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + would/should +
Positif
Verb1 + Complement I would come to your party if you invited me.
Subject + would/should not I would not come to your party if you did not
Negatif
+ Verb1 + Complement invite me.
Would/should + Subject + Would I come to your party if you invited
Subject
Verb1 + Complement? me?

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan di masa lampau dan
akan berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi
aksinya.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + would/should +
Positif be + Verb-ing + I would be studying if you did not disturb me
Complement yesterday.
 Subject + would/should not
Negatif + be + Verb-ing + I would not be studying if you did not disturb
Complement me yesterday.
Would/should + Subject +
Subject be + Verb-ing + Would I be studying if you did not disturb me
Complement? yesterday?

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang akan sudah dilakukan di masa lampau namun
ternyata tidak dilakukan (rencana yang gagal). Tense ini menekankan pada hasil.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + would/should
Positif + have + Verb3 + I would have bought a new car if I had
Complement enough money.
Subject + would/should not
Negatif + have + Verb3 + I would not have bought a new car if I had
Complement enough money.
Would/should + Subject + Would I have bought a new car if I had
Subject
be + Verb3 + Complement? enough money?

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan sudah dan masih sedang dilakukan di masa
lampau, namun sebenarnya tidak terjadi. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi dan hasilnya.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + would/should
Positif + have + been + Verb-ing She would have been waiting for me for 3
+ Complement hours yesterday but she had gone at 9.00 PM.
Subject + would/should not
Negatif + have + been + Verb-ing She would not have been waiting for me for 3
+ Complement hours yesterday but she had gone at 9.00 PM.
Would/should + Subject +
Subject have + been + Verb-ing + Would she have been waiting for me for 3
Complement? hours yesterday?