Group 5 Mass Housing Casestudy

LITERATURE
REVIEW
AND
CASE STUDY
Presented by: Sheela Karki (10) Unisha Kibachhe (13) Kinjalk Neupane (14)
Prasamsa Pokharel (16) Prashant Rasaili (22) Sofiya Shrestha (28)
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
AIM
OBJECTIVE
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
LITERATURE REVIEW
NATIONAL CASE STUDIES
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
1.
GOING BACK TO THE BASICS :
SHELTER
MAN’S PRIMAL NEED TO DEFINE SPACE & AN ENVELOPE FOR
HIS DAILY ACTIVITIES.
3
4.
WHAT IS HOUSING?
● Amalgam of many elements such as land, building and infrastructure, physical social as
well as cultural
● Comprehensive Planning process as well as model legislation for cluster sub division
and later for economic units’ development.
● Overcome all sorts of problem related to planning for land use. Transportation,
infrastructure, recreation & open space
4
5.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF HOUSING
➢ To create qualitative & healthy urban spaces equipped with modern
amenities & physical infrastructures.
➢ To benefit a temporary residents who require rental housing units
and desire proper hygienic living units in the residential
environment.
➢ To stop the haphazard mixing of plot sizes and randomly built
housing plots with lack of infrastructure
5
6 IMPORTANCE OF HOUSING
▹ HELPS IN DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZED GROWTH CITY
▹ FROM PEOPLE PERSPECTIVE
▸ SAVE TIME & EFFORT FOR CONSTRUCTION
▸ COMFORTABLE & SOCIAL LIVING ENVIRONMENT
▹ FOR DEVELOPERS
LITERATURE REVIEW
▸ COST OF CHUNK OF UNDEVELOPED LAND PER UNIT IS CHEAPER THAN SMALL PLOTS
▸ EFFECTIVE USE OF MATERIAL

2.
NEED FOR PLANNED SHELTER
IN KATHMANDU
7 Nepal urban population for 2016 was 5,163,803, a 3% increase from 2015
3. ● INDUSTRIALIZATION
CAUSES OF RAPID ● POLITICAL SITUATION

● OPPORTUNITIES IN URBAN
INCREASE IN AREA
POPULATION ● CENTRALIZATION
8
9 HOUSING DEMAND IN NEPAL
▹ According to the Nepal Land Housing Developers Association, the annual demand for
houses in Nepal is 140,000 units. Among that 42% of the demand is in the Kathmandu
valley. However, on average, we are only being able to build about 25,000 units. The
demand for houses in Kathmandu and other parts of Nepal is very high.
LITERATURE REVIEW
10 TYPES OF HOUSING
On the basis of land use and verticality
LITERATURE REVIEW
Fig: Types and examples of housing and apartment

Source:
11 TYPES OF APARTMENT
On the basis of room sizes and layout
• SIMPLEX
• DUPLEX
• TRIPLEX
• EFFICIENCY APARTMENT
• ONE-BEDROOM APARTMENT
• TWO-BEDROOM APARTMENT
• THREE-BEDROOM APARTMENT
• FOUR BEDROOM APARTMENT
• GARDEN APARTMENT
LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
12 Minimum Standard layout
LITERATURE REVIEW
Fig. Minimum room sizes for 3BHK and 2BHK units

Source: Time Savers Standard : Housing and Planning development
LITERATURE REVIEW
13 Minimum Standard layout
Fig. Width of stairs for varying users

Source: Stair Widths Dimensions & Drawings | Dimensions.com
Staircase
Width 0.9m (3ft minimum)
Tread size 23 CM -30 CM

LITERATURE REVIEW
Riser 19 CM max
Flight Maximum 15 stairs per flight

LITERATURE REVIEW
14 Noises Impact
Fig. External Noise Impact Fig. Internal Noise Impact

LITERATURE REVIEW

LITERATURE REVIEW
15 Solar access & communal open space
At least 50% or 125 sq. m, whichever is lesser, of the primary communal outdoor open space area used
LITERATURE REVIEW
by occupants should receive a minimum off two hours of sunlight between 9am and 3pm on 21 June
LITERATURE REVIEW
16 Private open space
LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature Review
17 Accessibility
Feature of Accessible Route

LITERATURE REVIEW

APARTMENT ACT
18 The main access road should have minimum width of:
▸ 4m for 4 housing units
▸ 4.5m for 10 housing units
▸ 6m for 50 housing units
▸ 8m for more than 50 housing units

LITERATURE REVIEW | BYE LAWS
The minimum parking area for a housing unit of area 80 sq.m. or more should have a
space for one car , 2 motorbikes, 2 bicycles and for every housing units of area less than
80 sq.m. should have space for 1 car, 4 motorbikes, 4 bicycles.

APARTMENT ACT
19
▹ The radius of driving curve should be 9m and the
intersection curve of two roads should have minimum
radius of half the width of the road
▹ The height of a building cannot exceed H=2(A+B+C)
▹ Groundfloor, basement used as a service area

▹ Fire escape stair, overhead tank(20,000 lit.), underground
tank(50,000 lit.) should be compulsorily provided
▹ Lift or escalator should be provided for the building with
height more than 17m.

APARTMENT ACT
20 MINIMUM ROOM SIZES FOR SEPARATE ROOMS
2 BEDROOM APARTMENT 3 BEDROOM APARTMENT
Living Room : 160 sq.ft. Living Room : 170 sq.ft.
Dining Room : 100 sq.ft. Dining Room : 110 sq.ft.
Master Bedroom : 120 sq.ft. Master Bedroom : 120 sq.ft.
Bedroom : 80 sq.ft. Bedroom : 80 sq.ft.
MINIMUM DIMENSION FOR THE ROOMS

2 BEDROOM APARTMENT
Living Room : 11’0’’
Dining Room : 8’4’’
Master Bedroom : 9’4’’
Bedroom : 8’0’’
APARTMENT ACT
21 Minimum Area of Land 2 Ropanies
Maximum Ground Coverage 50%
Maximum FAR 3
Maximum Built up Area 3 times plot area
Minimum Parking Area 15% of total land
Minimum Open Space 30% of total land
Minimum Setback ( in both side and 4m

back side)
Minimum Setback ( front) 6m
Minimum distance between two 6m

blocks
BY-LAWS IN NEPAL
BYE LAWS IN NEPAL

The rules and regulation framed by TOWN
PLANNING AUTHORITIES covering the

requirements of building, ensuring safety of the
public through open spaces, minimum size of
rooms and height and area limitation.
22
ASPECTS AND PARAMETERS OF BUILDING
23 ASPECT Parameters
Zoning, land use and subdivision rules Occupancy/use,plotting, road space, open
space and amenities
Site and building planning Setbacks, parking area, development

density(FSI/FAR), building plan, minimum plot
area and building height
Structural design and provisions Loading capacity, Design of exits, design of

common facilities
Building safety, services and amenities Fire safety provisions in building, fire control
systems, plumbing services, HVAC, garage,

courtyard etc.
Other planning controls for special areas e.g., Allowable activity/use, permissible
heritage structures/areas development/ redevelopment, building
maintenance provisions
DIFFERENT BYLAWS PURPOSE AND PROVISIONS
24
BY LAWS PURPOSE PROVISION
● Building Bylaws, 2034 ● To regulate master plan of 1969 ● GCR-90% Height-30’ FAR not
provisioned land area can be less
than 2 aana
● Building Bylaws,2050 ● To regulate uncontrolled ● FAR was introduced, concept of

development, especially building light plane, land area minimum
construction 2aana 2 paisa
● Building Bylaws,2064 ● To regulate zoning requirement ● Same as the previous bylaws of

2050 but change in land use map
● Building Bylaws 2072 ● To regulate building construction ● Road provisions and GCR
and to develop disaster
resilience community
PROVISION OF ROADS
25 ▹ Public physical project:
Main road of proposed project should not be less than 8 m wide that connects the
existing public road.
▹ Controlled physical project:
Every road of proposed project that connects the existing public main road must have
separate entrance and exit gate and lane up to 20 m of that existing public road.
▹ Road Width Provision
2m width for 50m length road

11m or more width for above 2000m length road
▹ Road lighting standards
min 9m high, 15 lux illumination on main roads (Nepal Road Standard, 2070)
26 SETBACK
For public buildings:
▹ H>10 m and < 17 m, minimum setback from the adjoining plot must be 3 m
▹ For other buildings, minimum setback from the adjoining plot must be of 2 m
▹ For more than 17 m The ratio between any and the setback must be 4:1 but
the minimum setback will not be considered to be less than 5 m
For Residential Buildings:

▹ 1.5m setbacks – if windows, doors and balcony are to be placed

▹ the minimum of the setbacks shall not be less than 1m
▹ If the ground floor is to be used for commercial purpose, a minimum of 2m of
setback is to be provided
BYE LAWS FOR INDIVIDUAL HOUSING
27 Road Width
Road connecting main road Min. 7m
Block to block access Min. 5m

Plot Size
Plot to plot access Min. 4m
Width Min. 6m
CUL-DE-SAC road Max. 60m in length
Area Min. 0-2-2-0
Open spaces excluding roads
0-5-0-0 to 0-10-0-0 5% of total land Plot Depth

0-10-0-0 to 0-25-0-0 4% of total land 0-2-2-0 to 0-4-0-0 Min. 7m
0-25-0-0 3.5% of total land 0-4-0-0 to 0-8-0-0 Min. 5m
Greater than 0-100-0-0 2.5% of total land 0-8-0-0 to 0-12-0-0 Min. 4m

BYE LAWS FOR INDIVIDUAL HOUSING
28
Ground coverage for individual plot in house in heavy mixed residential sub zone
Max. Ground coverage (Up to 8 Anna) 80%
Max. Ground coverage (Above 8 Anna) 60%
Floor area Ratio (FAR) 2.5
Ground coverage for individual plot in house in other residential sub zone
Max. Ground coverage (Up to 8 Anna) 80%
Max. Ground coverage (Above 8 Anna) 60%
Floor area Ratio (FAR) 1.75

BUILDING HEIGHT
29
▹ FAR and site coverage control the
building height
▹ Maximum height for residential is 45 feet,
i.e., four storeys in core area
▹ In new development it solely depends
upon FAR
▹ Light plane
-Restricts height.
-Maximum height of building is not more than the
height of light plane
-Building height is permitted as two times of width of
road + setback.
4.
NATIONAL CASE STUDIES
Housing and Apartment in Nepal
▹ Cibu Apartment, Pulchowk

▹ Grande Apartment, Dhapasi, Kathmandu
▹ Sallaghari Colony, Bhaktapur
▹ Grande Villa, Dhapasi, Kathmandu
30
CIBO APARTMENT
31 APARTMENT
▹LOCATION: Pulchowk, Lalitpur

▹CONSTRUCTION: 2009
NATIONAL CASE STUDY|APARTMENT| CIBO APARTMENT
▹ARCHITECTURE: Brutalist Architecture

▹PROGRAMS: Apartment
▹ARCHITECT: Prabal Thapa
▹STRUCTURE: RCC structure
▹WALL: Brick wall
32 CONCEPT
▹ Aim to deliver some quality living spaces

▹ Designed is to make a feeling of smooth
flux within inner and outer spaces

▹ Main concept is to penetrate light into the
building avoiding passages and providing
open spaces and balconies.
Fig. Cibo Apartment

33
SITE
STUDY
SETTING
34
Fig. Map of Lalitpur Fig. Map of Pulchowk showing Cibo Apartment

35 MASTER PLAN
▹ Site consist of single building with

restaurant on ground floor and 4
apartments in upper floors.
▹ Site includes small parking area for

both public and private
Fig. Parking for restaurant (current)

36 ZONE OF USAGE
▹ Private area
▹ Public area
Fig: Separate zones of usage

Source: https://www.prabalthapaarchitects.com.np/project/cibo-apartments/
ZONE OF USAGE
37 Public
● Left entrance leads to Cibo restaurant on

ground floor
● Departed from the fast city life to enjoy a sip of
your own time
Fig: Cibo Bistro

Source: https://spacesnepal.net/
ZONE OF USAGE
38 Public
▹ The exposed concrete slabs and columns

without any finishes give a rusty
appearance.
▹ Also the floor finish is a mixture of cement
punning and apex paint
ZONE OF USAGE
39 Private
● Door from the right leads

to apartment
● First floor and second

floor is occupied by the
owner himself for private
use
Fig: Cibo apartment

ZONE OF USAGE
40 Private
● A minimalist approach in
design guided by use of
materials
● Open kitchen plan
● Local tiles used as flooring

material in kitchen
● Use of wooden furniture
● Predominant use of white
color along with some
splatter of orange
Source: spacesnepal.net
41
APARTMENT
LAYOUT
42 ACCESSIBILITY
Fig: Cibo apartment

43 FLOOR PLAN LAYOUT
▹ Consists of six units of
flats which can be divided
into large and small ones.
▹ The large in first and
second floors have three

bedroom flats each of
2800 sq ft.
▹ While the smaller ones
contained in third floor and
fourth floor are 1200 sq.ft.
each.
▹ The 3rd and 4th floor
contains two numbers of
2BHK flats which
completely targets rental
returns
Fig: Cibo apartment
44 LAYOUT
Fig: Cibo apartment

45 LAYOUT : Cavity wall Details
Fig: Niches
46 SERVICES
▹ Fire alarm
▹ Solar panel
▹
24hr Water supply

▹ Public Parking Fig: Parking
▹ Generator
Fig: Generator
47
ARCHITECTURAL
EXPRESSION
FACADE
48
Fig: Entrance Fig: Balconies Fig: Windows with railing Fig: Open staircase
● Facades designed to reflect symmetry and balance( brutalist architecture)

● Rough, unfinished surfaces, heavy-looking materials, straight lines, and small windows.
● use of color white has predominance along with some splatter of orange color
49 FACADE
Fig: Cibo apartment :Elevation treatment and functionality

50
EVOLUTION OF
THE
IMPLEMENTED
DESIGN
EVOLUTION OF THE
IMPLEMENTED DESIGN
51
Fig: Cibo apartment

● Curtain wall in the staircase area is not implemented as shown in initial design
which may have security risk and high chance of entering rain during heavy rainfall.
52 SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Nearby services No fire escape
Site and access No open space
Narrow space
Building orientation
Economy of the nearby

surrounding is greatly Noise pollution due to
influenced construction nearby
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
53 GRANDE TOWER
HIGH RISE APARTMENT
LOCATION: Tokha, Dhapasi

CONSTRUCTION:
NATIONAL CASE STUDY|APARTMENT| GRANDE TOWER
2008-Present
SITE AREA: 30k sq. ft ; 54
Ropani
GROUND COVERAGE: 30%
PROGRAMS: Apartment
CONSTRUCTED BY: CE &CD
Developers
STRUCTURE: RCC structure
WALL: Brick wall
Source: Grande Towers Nepal - High End High Rise Apartment in Kathmandu
54 Concept
Source: Grande Towers Nepal - High End High Rise Apartment in Kathmandu
▹ The idea is to incorporate the cluster of tower styled

apartment as the metamorphic relation to the solar
system.
Fig. Initial Master Plan

55
SITE
STUDY
56 SETTING
Fig. Map of Kathmandu

Fig. Map of Dhapasi showing Grande tower, Grande hospital & Grande Villa
57 GROWTH PATTERN
Fig. Google map historical imagery of 2000 AD Fig. Google map historical imagery of 2010 AD Fig. Google map historical imagery of 2020 AD
Images shows the clear effect of urbanization in the area with addition of major institutions like apartment
complexes, hospital, villas etc.
58 MASTER PLAN
BISHNUMATI RIVER
▹ Site consist total of 7 towers where
6 of the towers has approx. 4800
Sq.ft area for each floor plan.
▹ Site includes
▸ Underground parking with 4

way entry/exit, separate guest
parking
▸ Swimming pool UNCONSTRUCTED
▸ Playgrounds SITE
▸ Gardens
▸ Jogging lane
▸ Temple & pati
Fig. Existing Master Plan

ZONE OF USAGE
Service Area
Transition Area
Meeting Area
Private Area
59
ZONE OF USAGE
Services
60 Support functions such as roads, paths, circulations B
& utilities
C
B
Fig. Map showing service zone
Fig. Entry of underground parking
6m
A
Fig. Roadways
C D
Fig. Rooftop water tank Fig. Universal access to apartment

B B
ZONE OF USAGE
61 A
Transition
Connecting spaces;entry
courts
A
Fig. Map showing Transition zone
Fig. Transition space Fig. Transition space

ZONE OF USAGE B
Meeting
62 Public/recreational area
A A
C
Fig. Gathering space Fig. Map showing public zone
B C
Fig. Gathering space Fig. Aerial view of basketball and tennis court around apartment
ZONE OF USAGE B
B
Meeting
63 Public/recreational area A
Fig. Swimming pool area
Fig. Map showing public zone
Fig. Public spaces: Temple, pati and water spout at the main
entrance
ZONE OF USAGE
64 Private
Personal or family area
Fig. Map showing private zone
▹ Metal apartment entrance

door
▹ Ample balconies facing
appropriate directions
65
HOUSEHOLD
LEVEL
PLANNING
ACCESSIBILITY
66
▹ Tower typology
▹ Consists of central core
with apartment
wrapped compactly.
▹ Provides maximum floor
area with minimum
exterior parameter
67 LAYOUT
TYPE A
TYPE B
TYPE A+D
TYPE C Fig: Grande Tower: Floor Plan : Venus
Source: Grande Towers Nepal - High End High Rise Apartment
TYPE D in Kathmandu
CIRCULATION
68 LAYOUT
TYPE C
957.80Sq. Ft
2BHK
TYPE B : 1143.58Sq. Ft
3BHK
TYPE A : 1143.58Sq.ft TYPE D 957.50 Sq. ft

3BHK 2BHK
69 LAYOUT
ROOMS SIZES (ft.) AREA (sq. ft)
▹ Dimensions for Layout
type A Living 18’10” X 13’4” 246.6
Dining 8’10” x 10’9” 82.87
Kitchen 10’5”*7’10” 162.03
Bedroom 1 10’2 x 15’7” 157.35
Bedroom 2 11’ x 9’4” 47.97
Bedroom 3 14’0” X 12’7” 208.7

+( 6’0” X 5’6”)
TYPE A : 1143.58Sq.ft Toilet (2Nos.) 7’0” X 5’6” 77

3BHK
70 LAYOUT
ROOMS SIZES (ft) AREA (sq ft)
▹ Dimensions for Layout
type C Living + 21’0” X 12’4” 258.93
Dining
Kitchen 7’5” X 11’9” 87.06
Bedroom 1 14’3” X 11’8” 166.72
Bedroom 2 11’11” X 12’4” 146.85
Toilet (2Nos.) 5’0” X 7’6” 75
TYPE C
957.80Sq. Ft
2BHK
71 LAYOUT
LAYOUT INCLUDING
TYPE A+D
Fig. Interior
72 LAYOUT : Sun Tower
3rd floor to 10th floor

layout (Penthouse)
Ground floor layout: First -Secondfloor layout 10th to 12th

Gym, laundry, office & amenities floor layout
(Penthouse)
73
CLUSTER
LEVEL
PLANNING
74 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
▹ Identical pair of blocks rotated around the sun
tower to form a cluster.
▹ Same types of apartment and functions in all 6
towers.
▹ Sun tower has unique layout.

▹ 2 Emergency staircase provided at each block
75 SERVICES
Covered duct
as facade
Fig. ventilation for parking element
Fig. Covered Duct
Proximity
through
structure
Fig. separate guest parking

76 SERVICES
Fig. Water tank at rooftop
Fig. lift capacity: 8-10 people Fig. Emergency staircase

77
EVOLUTION OF
THE
IMPLEMENTED
DESIGN
EVOLUTION OF THE
78 IMPLEMENTED DESIGN
Some typology of form might not give better energy
performance & function as it is kept in different orientation
EVOLUTION OF THE
Changes in implementation of master plan
Fig. Initial Master Plan Fig. Existing Master Plan

USER “ Being the person that loves to spend
time with the self, I am personally
EXPERIENCE loving my stay here since past one and
a half years, People here are quite
friendly and open-minded. Everyone is
busy with their own schedule. I feel
secure and peaceful.”
- Rashmi Shrestha (Resident)
Fig. Interaction with resident in the lobby of Sun Tower 80

SWOT ANALYSIS
81 Tower plans reduces lengthy and No. of apartment is limited from 2 to
expensive public corridors 3 in a floor which limits the
availability to high income group
Tower scheme provide cross
ventilation and two exposure for Lack of grocery and recreational
space; allocated spaces did not meet
each apartment. the need and demand
One side of the building usually faces
north, which is not ideal.
Sufficient space for further

extension of community and
housing space.
Ideal space for peace and busy
working families. Polluted Bagmati river flows
right the site.
Comparative analysis
Grande Tower & Cebo Apartment
82
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- APARTMENT -Site and surrounding
83 ASPECTS NEPAL BUILDING
STANDARD
GRANDE TOWER, TOKHA CIBU APARTMENT, PULCHOWK
Zoning Lies in Residential Zoning Lies in Commercial Zoning Area

- Area
NATIONAL CASE STUDY| COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS | APARTMENT
Ground 50% of total area 30% of total area 85% of total area
coverage
Open 20%of the total area 70% of total area No open space: Parking space as
space open space
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- APARTMENT -Building
84
ASPECTS NEPAL BUILDING GRANDE TOWER, TOKHA CIBU APARTMENT
STANDARD
Building High rise Mid rise

-
Typology
Apartment - 3 to 4 apartments 2 apartments

per floor
Income At least 10% of low High income group High income group
Group income group (1sq ft. = Rs 30,000) (Per month = Rs1,000,00)
should be included
Parking Min 15%of total Single basement , separate 15% of total area
land area parking for guest
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- APARTMENT -Circulation
85 ASPECTS NEPAL BUILDING
STANDARD
GRANDE TOWER,
TOKHA
CIBU APARTMENT
Staircase 1.5m width 1.2m width

Min. 1.2m width
Lifts Lift provided for the 2 lift along side the No provision of lift
building with ht. of
17m
Fig: WIDTH OF THE EXIT ROUTE OR THE STAIRCASE AT

ANY POINT IS CALCULATED BASED ON THE
OCCUPANT LOAD OF THE UPPER FOUR FLOOR
SOURCE: Nepal Building Code NBC 206: 2015
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- APARTMENT -Services
ASPECTS NEPAL BUILDING GRANDE TOWER, CIBU APARTMENT
86 STANDARD TOKHA
HVAC VRV unit with VRV unit upto 1.5 tonnage Provision of AC
adequate tonnage
Water Over head Min 1 deep boring system 24hr water supply (20,000
Supply & 20,000 ltrs capacity Litres)
Drainage Underground min
50,000 ltrs capacity
Electricity Stand by generator stand by generator Stand by Generator
Security Electronic security Provision of fire alarm

Fire Escape stairs 2 at Provision of smart electronic
each building door
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- APARTMENT -Layout
ASPECTS NEPAL BUILDING GRANDE TOWER, TOKHA CIBU APARTMENT
87 STANDARD
2BHK Min. 73 sq. m- 957.50sq. ft 111.5 sq.m
3BHK Min. 90 sq. m 1143.58 sq. ft 260.13 sq.m

Fig: Cibo apartment: Floor Plan

Fig: Grande Tower: Floor Plan : Venus Source: https://www.prabalthapaarchitects.com.np
Source: Grande Towers Nepal - High End High Rise
Apartment in Kathmandu
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- APARTMENT -Building Form
88 GRANDE TOWER, TOKHA CIBO APARTMENT, PULCHOWK
Building Form with respect to Mixed used building typology seen in

apartment layout building form, emphasized color
coordination to provide the space more
privacy
89
SALLAGHARI COLONY
MASS HOUSING
▹ PROJECT NAME: Sallaghari Colony

▹ LOCATION: Sallaghari, Bhaktapur
NATIONAL CASE STUDY|HOUSING | sALLAGHARI COLONY
▹ DEVELOPER: CE Construction
▹ PROGRAMS: Standalone home
▹ PROJECT STATUS: Half completed
▹ CONSTRUCTION: July 2016-July 2019
Fig. Sallaghari Colony, Bhaktapur

90
SETTING
Fig. Map of Bhaktapur Fig. Map of Sallaghari showing Sallaghari Colony

91 GROWTH PATTERN
TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
92
▹ Land topography: Flat
▹ Elevation: 1332 meters
▹ Climate: Moderate
▹
Maximum temperature: 36 degrees celsius in April

▹ Minimum temperature: 22 degrees celsius in
January
▹ Average annual temperature: 21 degrees celsius
▹ Precipitation: 1377mm Fig: Sallaghari Colony, Bhaktapur
Fig. Climate of Sallaghari per month

SURROUNDING
93
▹ The surrounding environment is quite peaceful with
farmlands adjacent to the colony
▹ Adjacent to the main entrance, there is a hardware shop
▹
There is a Kansan river at the east of the colony

Fig. Map of Sallaghari showing Sallaghari colony
Fig. Farmlands adjacent to the colony Fig. Hardware shop adjacent to main entrance
94
LINKAGE TO NEARBY SERVICES
▹ Schools:
Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya,
Golden Sungava English Secondary
school,Kathmandu Medical College
▹ Religious sites:
Balkumari temple, Siddha Pokhari,
Sadhana Bhawan,
▹ Supermarket:
Bhatbhateni supermarket
Fig. Map of Sallaghari colony showing linkage to nearby services

AREA
95
▹ TOTAL SITE AREA: 40 ropanies

▹ AREA SIZES RANGE: 2053 sq. ft. to 4107 sq.ft.
▹ TOTAL NUMBER OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS: 90

▹ COMPLETED UNITS: 40
▹ Open space and service plot are yet to be

completed.
▹ Future extension comprises of 50 residential units to
be built towards north of the existing colony.
96
PLANNING
▹ The housing type is Detached housing
▹ At present, there are total 40 residential units
▹ Houses are arranged in plot in grid iron pattern
▹ The orientation of the unit is linear alongside the road

▹ About 20m setback has been given from the edge of
Kasan river
▹ About 5m setback has been given from center of kulo
97
MASTER PLAN
▹ The main entrance is at south-west corner.
▹ The houses are categorized into six types on the basis
of the lot size.
▹ The ground coverage is 50% of the total land in each

unit.
▹ Each house offers natural heat, light and air.
▹ The housing is inclusive of middle and high income
group.
▹ Easy connectivity t both city center and the suburbs
around Bhaktapur area.
98
ZONE OF
USAGE
Service Area
Transition Area
Meeting Area
Private Area
99
ZONE OF USAGE
100
Services
Support functions such as roads, paths, circulations & utilities
8m
6m
ZONE OF USAGE
101
Services
▹ Water supply system is provided by the company from their
private borewell.
▹ Electrical supply system provided by Nepal Electricity

Authority (NEA) Fig. Underground drainage system
▹ Generator as backup in case of emergency
▹ Well managed underground drainage system
To be incorporated in near future:
▹ Fire alarm system
▹ CCTV cameras
Fig. Overhead tank in individual units

ZONE OF USAGE
102 5 4
INDEX
Transition
- Entry Court X - Transition spaces
- Chowks
2 3
Fig. Entry Court Fig. Chowk no. 1

ZONE OF USAGE
103
Meeting
Public/ recreational areas
Fig. Temple near the main entrance Fig. Open space yet to be constructed
104 ZONE OF USAGE
Personal or family area- 40 individual units
Architecture Expression
● Contemporary style
● Minimalist style of architecture
● Played well with mass and volume
● Large openings to provide good light and ventilation
in the interior space.
● Fair face brickwork in facade for aesthetic balance.
● Visual connection though main gate
105
HOUSEHOLD
LEVEL
PLANNING
106
TYPE A
Source- cerealestate.com.np
107
TYPE B
108
TYPE C
109
TYPE D
TYPE 51D
110
Exterior view of Type 51D
Staircase with store adjacent to it
Living room
Bedroom converted as study room
111
Bedroom
TYPE 51D
Master Bedroom
TYPE 51D
112
Storage space for batteries Fair face brickwork

113
TYPE 51D- Outdoor space
USERS’ RESPONSE
114
South facing units were not user friendly Limitation of parking space in Very small green space
few units
USERS’ RESPONSE
115
Excessive heating at daytime due to excessive hard surface Problem of smell in adjacent units
due to wrong placement of vent
pipe.
116 SWOT ANALYSIS
Site and access Lack of landscaping
Nearby services Lack of communal space
Bye laws implemented Too much of hard surface

Peaceful environment Building orientation
Security
Economy of the nearby

surrounding is greatly influenced
Increment in land value
Possible future expansion
Polluted Kasan river nearby
117
GRANDE VILLA
MASS HOUSING
LOCATION: Tokha, Dhapasi

CONSTRUCTION: January, 2011- April, 2014
NATIONAL CASE STUDY|HOUSING | GRANDE VILLA
Source: Grande Villa | CD DEVELOPERS

SITE AREA: 355940 sq. ft. (65 Ropanies)
PROGRAMS: Housing
NO. OF UNITS: 160
CONSTRUCTED BY: CE &CD Developers Pvt.Ltd
STRUCTURE: RCC Structure
WALL: Brick wall
118 CONCEPT
▹ Linear arrangement of houses alongside road
▹ Houses for every economic groups
▹ Includes variation of housing: Row housing, Semi-detached
and Detached housing
INDEX
TYPE A
TYPE B
TYPE C
TYPE D
Fig: Master plan of Grande Villa, Dhapasi Fig: Picture showing linear arrangement of houses
119
SITE
STUDY
120 SETTING
Fig. Map of Kathmandu

Fig. Map of Dhapasi showing Grande tower, Grande hospital & Grande Villa
121 GROWTH PATTERN
Images shows the clear effect of urbanization in the area with addition of major institutions like apartment complexes, hospital,
villas etc.
122 SETTING
Fig. Map of Dhapasi showing Grande tower, Grande

hospital & Grande Villa
Fig. Picture showing Grande Villa, Grande Towers and Grande Hospital
Source: House for Sale in Tokha, Kathmandu - YouTube
123 TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
▹ Climate: Warm and Temperate

▹ Land topography: Slope
▹ Elevation: 1352 meters
▹ Maximum temperature: 21.7 degree celsius in June

▹ Minimum temperature: 10.4 degree celsius in
January
▹ Average annual temperature: 17.4 degrees celsius Fig: Grande Villa, Dhapasi
▹ Precipitation: 2812 mm
Fig: Climate of Tokha per month

Source: Tokha Saraswati climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Tokha Saraswati
weather averages - Climate-Data.org (climate-data.org)
124 MASTER PLAN INDEX
TYPE A - Detached Housing
TYPE B - Detached Housing
▹ Orientation: Linear alongside TYPE C - Row Housing
TYPE D
the road
▹ Parking: Private parking in
individual house
▹ Walkway: Pavement for both
vehicular and pedestrian

access
Fig: Master plan of Grande Villa, Dhapasi

ZONE OF
USAGE
Service Area
Transition Area
Meeting Area
Private Area
125
ZONE OF USAGE
126
Services
Support functions such as roads, paths, circulations & utilities
A B
5m
B
6m
A
Fig. Circulation pathway - Entrance Fig. Circulation pathway-5m
C
C 7m Circulation pathway- besides green area
ZONE OF USAGE
127
Services
▹ Treated water supply system
▹ Electrical supply system provided by Nepal
Electricity Authority (NEA)
▹ TV/ Telephone points
▹ Generator as backup in case of emergency

▹ Well managed underground drainage system
To be incorporated in the near future:

▹ CCTV cameras
▹ Conservation of river and spaces around the river
▹ Tree plantation/ Landscaping the designated green
area
Fig: Row housing of Grande Villa
ZONE OF USAGE
128 INDEX
16
X - Transition spaces
Transition 14
15
- Entry Court
- Chowks 17
13
2 3 4 5 6
1 7 8 9
10
11
E
Fig. Entry Court Fig. Chowk no. 1
12
Fig. Map showing Transition zone

ZONE OF USAGE
129 Meeting N
Public/recreational area
Fig. Temple besides the entrance Fig. Community Hall for Housing
Fig. Waiting area besides Entrance

Fig. Area designated for landscaping
Fig. Master plan of Grande Villa
ZONE OF USAGE
130 Private
Personal or family area
▹ 160 Individual dwellings
● Contemporary style
● Minimalist style of architecture
● Played well with mass and volume

● Large openings to provide good light and ventilation
in the interior space
● Compound gate designed forming visual connection
Fig. Exterior view of Private house

131
HOUSEHOLD
LEVEL
PLANNING
TYPE A
132 DETACHED HOUSING
● Plot area: 1197.88

sq.ft
● Total built-up area:
1507 sq.ft
Fig: Dining space in plan/ used
as living area
Fig: Exterior view of Type A house
Fig:Staircase
Fig: Ground floor plan
TYPE A
133 DETACHED HOUSING
Fig: Stairwell Fig: Laundry
Fig: First floor plan Fig: Top floor plan

Source: Grande Villa | CD DEVELOPERS Source: Grande Villa | CD DEVELOPERS
Fig: Staircase landing used for Fig: …... used as Puja room
storage purpose
TYPE B
134 SEMI-DETACHED HOUSING
● Plot area: 1197.88 sq.ft

● Total built-up area: 1507 sq.ft
Fig: Exterior view of Type B

TYPE B
135 SEMI-DETACHED HOUSING
Fig: Ground floor plan Fig: First floor plan Fig: Top floor plan
Source: Grande Villa | CD DEVELOPERS Source: Grande Villa | CD DEVELOPERS Source: Grande Villa | CD DEVELOPERS
TYPE C
136 ROW HOUSING
● Economic housing
● Plot area: 855.63 sq.ft
● Total built-up area: 1043 sq.ft
Fig. Row housing ‘TYPE C’ Fig: Ground floor plan

TYPE C
137 ROW HOUSING
Fig: First floor plan Fig: Top floor plan

Source: Grande Villa | CD DEVELOPERS Source: Grande Villa | CD DEVELOPERS
138
EVOLUTION OF
THE
IMPLEMENTED
DESIGN
EVOLUTION OF THE
● Public parks planned initially were not designed
● Initially houses designed for every economic
groups, later on commercialised
● System of renting houses by the residents
● Current cost ranging from 2 crores-4 crores

● Lack of adequate parking space in each house
Fig:Grande Villa residence

Source: Beautiful 2 storey 3BHK Full Furnished House for "URGENT SALE" in Grande Villa at
Tokha - YouTube
EVOLUTION OF THE
● Row housing constructed in sloped
land
● Adjacent verandahs forming
inconvenient space for residents
Fig: Row Housing in slope land
Fig:Profile elevation of Grande Villa site

Source: Google earth pro
141 Users Experience
● Reason for choosing Grande Villa:
- Renowned construction company with proper construction,
following the bye-laws
- Land and house ownership
- Proper orientation of houses with optimum space usage
Fig: Interview with Resident

- Fulfills every basic requirement in all house types
- Diverse and well formed community
● Lack of
- Lack of gathering spaces
- Lack of social and environmental concerns of residents
- Lack of facilities like gym hall, swimming pool, playground, etc,.
Fig: Interview with Resident

SWOT ANALYSIS
142 Location: Accessibility Lack of open space
Orientation No proper landscaping/ green areas

Universal access not considered
Use of natural landform as site
Excess hard surface
Well planned services
House planning following Vastu Water pollution: Polluted

Shastra Bishnumati river on the East
Nearby services No shops/marts within the
complex
Sallaghari Colony & Grande Villa
143
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- HOUSING -Site and surrounding
144 ASPECTS SALLAGHARI COLONY GRANDE VILLA
Zoning Residential area Residential area
Open space Temple, Public space (not Limited public space: A community hall,
NATIONAL CASE STUDY| COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS | HOUSING
completed) temple and waiting space

Landscaping not included within the Villa
compound
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- Site and Surrounding
145
ASPECTS SALLAGHARI APARTMENT GRANDE VILLA
Land Typology Flat site Sloping site
Arrangement of the plot Grid-iron pattern Not available
Neighbourhood Sparsely populated Densely populated
Nearby services Schools, college, religious sites, Grande hospital, schools, teaching hospital,
Bhatbateni supermarket marts nearby
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- HOUSING -Building
146
ASPECTS SALLAGHARI COLONY GRANDE VILLA
Housing Detached housing Detached, Semi-detached and Row housing

typology
Housing 90 (40 completed) 160 units

units
Occupancy Middle and high income group Middle income group
Parking Private parking in each individual units Private parking in each individual units
Vehicle seen parked on the either sides Vehicle seen parked on the either sides of road
of road
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- HOUSING -Circulation
147 ASPECTS SALLAGHARI APARTMENT GRANDE VILLA
Staircase Either dog legged or 2-quarter landing 2-Quarter landing staircase

staircase (One for each individual units) One for each individual units
Lifts Not available Not available

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- HOUSING -Building Form
148
SALLAGHARI COLONY GRANDE VILLA
● Box-shaped houses with flat roof ● Similar designs with sloped roofs
● Minimalistic architectural style complimenting the sloped terrain of
● Fair-faced brickwork reflecting Dhapasi
architectural style of Bhaktapur ● The plot size can be customised varying
on the demand of the buyer
149 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS-Design implementation
ASPECTS NEPAL BUILDING GRANDE VILLA, SALLAGHARI COLONY,
STANDARD TOKHA SALLAGHARI
Road width Min. 7m 5m/6m/7m 6m/8m

Plot size Min. 6m 7-10 m varying according to 6-12m

requirements of client
Open spaces 5% of total land Not included within the villa Not any
excluding road compound
Maximum ground 80% upto 8 anna 50%-60% of lot area 50%-70% of lot area
coverage 60% above 8 anna
Floor area ratio 2.5 1.75 1.75

(FAR)
INTERNATIONAL
HOUSING
151
JSW
HOUSING
JSW HOUSING
152
▹ PROJECT NAME: Sublime Ordinariness Housing
▹ LOCATION: JSW Steel Area, Vasind, Maharashtra, India
▹ ARCHITECT: DCOOP
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY|HOUSING| JSW HOUSING
▹ AREA: 3900 m2
▹ PROJECT YEAR: 2016
▹ USES: Houses 54 families of staff working in the industrial
facility of a color coating plant for a large corporate group.
▹ STRUCTURE: RCC structure
▹ WALL: Brick wall
Fig. JSW Housing , Vasind, India

153 SETTING AND SITE CONTEXT JSW Steel Industry Proposed site
Fig: Map of India showing Maharastra Fig: Satellite image of Jindal Colony Number 2, JSW Steel Area
154
3.
1.
CONCEPT
4.
2.
155
7.
5.
CONCEPT
8.
6.
SITE PLAN
156
▹ Three blocks come together along with the
semi round monolithic block.
▹ This combination provides large central
courtyard into which all the corridors open.
▹ Good access roads and facilities of parking.

▹ Maintain hierarchy of privacy.
• Courtyard space as public space.
• Corridor as semi-private.
• Apartment as private.
Fig. Site Plan

157
3D
VIEWS
TYPE 1 BLOCK
158
▹ 3-Storey building with 4 apartments in each floor.
▹ Includes wide corridor in front and balcony at back.
▹ Ground floor is approaches by raised plinth which resembles
‘otla’ seen in traditional house of India
▹ Staircase is carefully articulated to give each block a little

twist and hereby giving each an identity of its own.
▹ Façade treatment helps to scale the building to a more human Fig. Front Elevation
level.
Fig. Ground Floor Plan Fig. Back Elevation

TYPE 1 BLOCK
159
▹ Each apartments have an area of 50 sq. m
Fig. Different Layout of Kitchen Fig. Apartment Plan Fig. Different Layout of multipurpose space
TYPE 1 BLOCK
160
Fig. Corridor Fig. Semi-private space Fig. Open Staircase

TYPE 2 BLOCK
161
▹ This block is semi-round in shape .
▹ It includes 2 bedroom apartments with kitchen, living
room and wash room having area of 100 sq. m
▹
This block acts as the marker of that area and ties all the
building together.
Fig. Semi-circular Block

Fig. Floor Plan showing Apartment Layout
162
PROFILE SECTION
163
SOCIAL
COMPLEX
SOCIAL COMPLEX IN ALCABIDECHE
164
▹ Architects: Guedes Cruz Arquitectos
▹ Project: Elderly Persons Residence- Social Complex
▹ Location: Alcabideche, Cascais, Portugal
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY|HOUSING| SOCIAL HOUSING
▹ Site area – 9,956 m2

▹ Area of each housing unit: 53 m2
▹ Total Area of Housing Units: 2,756 m2 [53x52]
▹ Area of the Main Building: above ground – 2700 m2 ,below
ground – 4500 m2, total – 7,200 m2
Fig. Social Complex, Alcabideche

SETTING AND SITE CONTEXT
165
Fig. Surrounding Environment of Social Complex

Fig. Location of Social Complex in Portugal
SITE PLAN
166
▹ It comprises 52 houses;
• Housing units intended for elderly couples
• Main support building that houses the social
areas, a nursing area with individual rooms

and an area for bedridden patients.
Fig. Site Plan

LANDSCAPING
167
▹ High quality in terms of construction and
landscape, intended as housing for the
elderly.
▹ Outdoor spaces of streets, plazas and gardens

are like an extension of the house itself.
Fig. Site Plan

Fig. Balance between housing units and landscape
ACCESSIBILITY
168
▹ The connective layout of streets of different
widths reserved for pedestrians
▹ At night they are guided by the light the
houses give off.
Fig. Roadways and Pathways inside Social Complex Fig. Site Plan
CENTRAL BUILDING
169
▹ The central building contains all of the
common services necessary for proper
functioning and quality of living.
▹ It includes the electricity production systems,

the photovoltaic plant, which supply the
habitable areas of the residence.
Fig. Site Plan

CENTRAL BUILDING
170
▹ Area: above ground – 2700 m2 ,below ground – 4500 m2,
total – 7,200 m2
▹ It houses the social areas, a nursing area with individual
rooms and an area for bedridden patients.

▹ It also contains parking areas in its basement.
Fig. Central Building
Fig. Section of Central Building

HOUSING UNITS LAYOUT
171
▹ 52 housing units with each having area 53 m2.
▹ Residence for elderly people or couple.
▹ Include bedroom, wash room, living room and
small kitchen area.

▹ Exposed concrete and plexiglass are the main
materials.
Fig. Housing Unit Fig. Plan and Elevation of Housing Unit

LIGHTING
172
▹ In this project, light is joy.
▹ The translucid roofs light up streets, plazas and
gardens.
▹ In the event of an emergency, users can activate an

alarm and the large white box turns red.
173 THERMAL PERFORMANCE
▹ The environmental balance inside the houses is due to;
• The white box of the roof’s ability to reflect light
• The thermal efficiency of the cushion of air created
between the roof and the habitable area on the base of
exposed concrete.
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY|SOCIAL HOUSING
• In winter, room is heated by under floor heating

system.
JSW Housing & Social Complex
174
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- HOUSING -Site and surrounding
175 ASPECTS JSW HOUSING SOCIAL COMPLEX
Zoning Industrial Area Residential area

INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY| COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS | HOUSING
Open space Courtyard, parking and Outdoor spaces like streets, plazas
other open spaces and gardens are like an extension of
house itself.
176 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- HOUSING -Building
ASPECTS JSW HOUSING SOCIAL COMPLEX
Building Low Raised Apartment Individual Housing Units

Typology
Apartment 4 apartment in Type 1 Building and 2 1

per floor apartments in Type 2 Building
Occupancy Mid income family Elderly Citizen
Parking Surface parking Surface Parking as well as Basement Parking

in Central Building
177 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- HOUSING -Circulation
ASPECTS JSW HOUSING SOCIAL COMPLEX
Staircase Single staircase at the end of building Staircase is in central Building only
Lifts Not any Not any

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS- HOUSING -Building Form
178
JSW HOUSING SOCIAL COMPLEX
Minimal form with translucent glass roof cover

Building opened providing corridor as
which helps in better thermal performance
semi-private space
SANAA
179 APARTMENT
LOCATION: KITAGATA,GIFU,
JAPAN
CONSTRUCTION: 1994-2000
SITE AREA: 400,000 square feet
BUILDING AREA: 584 sq.m.
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY| SANAA APARTMENT
RESIDENTIAL UNITS: 107

PROGRAMS: Apartment
APARTMENT TYPE: Skip-Stop Fig. Map of Gifu Kitagata showing Sanaa Apartment
Apartment
ARCHITECT: Kazuyo Sejima,
SANAA
STRUCTURE: RCC structure
WALL: Cross bearing wall
180 CONCEPT
▹ Design with a relatively shallow depth,

▹ The room becomes the only basic
building block
▹ These blocks are combined in a variety
of ways
▹ Produce a multitude of apartment
plans and sections generating
complex elevation
▹ Stacked like “tetris blocks’’ on
another.
181 SETTING
Fig. Map of Gifu Kitagata showing Gifu Kitagata Apartments

182 SITE CONTEXT
▹ Surrounded by low-rise residential

neighbourhoods
▹ Arata Isozaki proposed master plan
established four long, 1o storey
building
▹ The four blocks create an introverted
communal space.
183
184 MASTER PLAN
Public area(parking,
garden, playgrounds)
▹ The idea for the overall layout
of the development was to run
the buildings around the
perimeter
▹ Assigned to be build
essentially parallel along the
street sided property lines SANAA
Highway apartment
building
Low rise residential

Fig. Master Plan of Gifu Kitagata Apartments
Private Area
Meeting Area
ZONE OF USAGE Transition Area
Service Area
185
ZONE OF USAGE
186 Services
▹ Large public spaces in center for
community level parking facilities
▹ Open space with pilotis used as
bicycle parking to provide access from
all direction in ground floor
Fig. parking and roadways

187 SERVICES
▹ The sunrooms line up along the

south facade of the building and is
private space.
▹ The access stairways cascade along
the north facade and is public
space.
188 TRANSITION
Fig. Sunrooms line up along south Fig. Public Corridor along North
189 MEETING Public area(parking,
garden, playgrounds)
Fig. Master Plan of Gifu Kitagata Apartments Fig. Park and Gardens
MEETING
190
Fig. Public space (garden, playgrounds)

ROOM CONFIGURATION
191
▹ There are total 107 dwellings

▹ There are 30 types of apartment which

size ranges from (49-80m2)
ROOM CONFIGURATION
192
▹ Each dwelling unit is made up of

terrace, dining kitchen, bedroom and a
Japanese room.
▹ About a third of units are provided
with internal stairs and roughly have a
double heighted spaces.
193
LAYOUT
Fig. Variety in apartment sizes

194
ROOM LAYOUT
Fig. Double height space

OPENINGS THROUGH BUILDINGS
195
Fig. courtyard like terrace

Most units have a semi-private terrace which naturally ventilates

196 STRUCTURE
▹ Constructed using a reinforced concrete
structure and steel additions were
assembled.
▹ Cross bearing walls
BUILDING MATERIALS
▹ Galvanized steel plates for the stairways
▹ Expanded steel screens
▹ Homogeneous vinyl tile
▹ Western hemlock oil paint
▹ Manggasinoro wood
▹ Tatami mats
KANJANGUNGA
197
APARTMENTS
LOCATION: India,Mumbai,Cumballa hill
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY| KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENT
ARCHITECT: Charles Correa

BUILDING TYPE: Multi family housing apartment
tower
HEIGHT: 84m
FLOOR: 27
CONSTRUCTED BY: Shirish Patel & Association
Construction Pvt.Ltd Structure
STRUCTURE: RCC
ARCHITECTURE STYLE: Modern, Brutalism
198 CONCEPT
▹ Designed a storing concept to refer Unite d’
Habitation of Le Corbusier
▹ Cellular planning which interlocks 3-and 4
room apartment with another half level

▹ The surface at the one end cut away to Fig: Kanchenjunga apartment
create a double-height space gives a whole
new sense to high rise buildings
▹ A great deal of transparency has been
achieved by using a large opening in
Kanchanjunga apartment
Fig: d’ Habitation of Le Corbusier

199 CONCEPT (Climatic Response)
▹ Oriented to east-west to catch the prevailing

sea breezes (Arabian sea on west and the

harbor on east)
▹ Hot sun and heavy rain is solved by wrapping
with verandas around the living area
▹ Each apartment provided with a deep two
story high garden terrace that is oriented away
from the sun so as to afford protection from
the elements.
200 PLANNING
▹ Gives a resident feeling of a
luxurious bungalow in high rise
buildings.
▹ Designed in the center of the site

with a protective green landscape
around the building.
▹ Landscaping around the building
creates a passive cooling effect for
a building.
201 DEVELOPMENT
▹ The building is a square

tower.
▹ Charles Correa created

gaps in that tower.
▹ The two floors high loggias
are created to keep out the
sun and take in the cool
sea breeze.
Massive tower Creating big gaps Creating small gaps

E
202 TYPOLOGY
C-SPECIAL
▹ Type A- 3 bedrooms, 8 in total

▹ Type B -3bedrooms, 9 in total C

▹ Type C- 5 bedrooms, 6 in total
▹ Type D- 4 bedrooms, 2 in total B
▹ Type E- 6 bedrooms, 2 in total
A
D
203
TYPE B
TYPE A
TYPE C
TYPE D
205 CIRCULATION
The tower is placed on heightened ground level with The tower is placed on heightened ground level with parking beneath
parking beneath
206 MATERIALS AND COLORS
▹ Warm color is used in the terrace garden of
Kanchanjunga.
▹ Warm colors make space look bigger, more

open and inviting
Kanchanjunga Apartment & Sanaa Apartment
207
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS: Site and surrounding
208 ASPECTS KANCHANJUNGA SANAA APARTMENT
APARTMENT
Zoning Commercial area Residential area

INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY| COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS | APARTMENT
Open space Landscaping around the Large public space in the centre
building creates a passive which includes community and
cooling effect for a building surface level parking, gardens and
playground
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Building
209
ASPECTS KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENT SANAA APARTMENT
Building Tower Apartment Skip stop Apartment

Typology
Apartment 2 apartments 11 apartments

per floor
Occupancy High income family High income family
Parking Surface parking 20 Surface Parking

Basement parking 30 Bicycle parking in ground floor with pilotis
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS-Circulation
210 ASPECTS KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENT SANAA APARTMENT
Staircase Central staircase surround by apartments Single run stairs along the north facade
Lifts Four elevators Not any

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS-Building Form
211 KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENT SANAA APARTMENT
To control the massiveness of the housing block , the

whole volume is reduced into a thin slab, randomly
perforated by 107 voids, which allow for glimpses
through building.
Small and big gaps in response
to climatic behavior
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS-Layout
ASPECTS KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENT SANAA APARTMENT
212
2BHK - 30 Types of Apartments
3BHK 294 sq.m(Type A) Area ranging from 49 to 80 sq.m.

242 sq.m(Type B)
4BHK 361 sq.m Each unit having Japanese room, Bedroom,
Kitchen Dining and Terrace
5BHK 373 sq.m -

213 REFERENCES
● Grande Villa :: Housingnepal.com :: Multimedia :: Site Plan
● http://cerealestate.com.np/
● https://architectopedia.com/kanchanjunga-apartments-charles-correa/
● https://issuu.com/eelkokroon/docs/kanchanjunga-apartments
● CIBO | Prabal Thapa Architects
● TSS_Housing_5_Elements of the dwelling unit.pdf (grandetowersnepal.com)
● Grande Towers Nepal - High End High Rise Apartment in Kathmandu
● Nepal building Code
● Time savers standard for housing and residential planning
THANKYOU
214

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LITERATURE

▹ FROM PEOPLE PERSPECTIVE

▸ SAVE TIME & EFFORT FOR CONSTRUCTION

▸ COMFORTABLE & SOCIAL LIVING ENVIRONMENT

▸ EFFECTIVE USE OF MATERIAL

CAUSES OF RAPID ● POLITICAL SITUATION

Fig: Types and examples of housing and apartment

Fig. Minimum room sizes for 3BHK and 2BHK units

Fig. Width of stairs for varying users

Width 0.9m (3ft minimum)

Tread size 23 CM -30 CM

Flight Maximum 15 stairs per flight

Fig. External Noise Impact Fig. Internal Noise Impact

Source: Time Savers Standard : Housing and Planning development

Source: Time Savers Standard : Housing and Planning development

Source: Time Savers Standard : Housing and Planning development

Feature of Accessible Route

Source: Time Savers Standard : Housing and Planning development

▸ 4m for 4 housing units

▸ 4.5m for 10 housing units

▸ 6m for 50 housing units

▸ 8m for more than 50 housing units

80 sq.m. should have space for 1 car, 4 motorbikes, 4 bicycles.

intersection curve of two roads should have minimum

radius of half the width of the road

▹ The height of a building cannot exceed H=2(A+B+C)

▹ Groundfloor, basement used as a service area

▹ Fire escape stair, overhead tank(20,000 lit.), underground

tank(50,000 lit.) should be compulsorily provided

▹ Lift or escalator should be provided for the building with

height more than 17m.

MINIMUM DIMENSION FOR THE ROOMS

Maximum Ground Coverage 50%

Maximum Built up Area 3 times plot area

Minimum Parking Area 15% of total land

Minimum Open Space 30% of total land

Minimum Setback ( in both side and 4m

Minimum Setback ( front) 6m

Minimum distance between two 6m

BYE LAWS IN NEPAL

PLANNING AUTHORITIES covering the

Site and building planning Setbacks, parking area, development

Structural design and provisions Loading capacity, Design of exits, design of

systems, plumbing services, HVAC, garage,

● Building Bylaws,2050 ● To regulate uncontrolled ● FAR was introduced, concept of

● Building Bylaws,2064 ● To regulate zoning requirement ● Same as the previous bylaws of

2050 but change in land use map

6m width for 1000m length road

For Residential Buildings:

▹ 1.5m setbacks – if windows, doors and balcony are to be placed

Road connecting main road Min. 7m

Block to block access Min. 5m

0-5-0-0 to 0-10-0-0 5% of total land Plot Depth

0-10-0-0 to 0-25-0-0 4% of total land 0-2-2-0 to 0-4-0-0 Min. 7m

0-25-0-0 3.5% of total land 0-4-0-0 to 0-8-0-0 Min. 5m

Greater than 0-100-0-0 2.5% of total land 0-8-0-0 to 0-12-0-0 Min. 4m

Max. Ground coverage (Up to 8 Anna) 80%

Max. Ground coverage (Above 8 Anna) 60%

Floor area Ratio (FAR) 2.5

Max. Ground coverage (Up to 8 Anna) 80%

Max. Ground coverage (Above 8 Anna) 60%

Floor area Ratio (FAR) 1.75

▹ Cibu Apartment, Pulchowk

▹LOCATION: Pulchowk, Lalitpur