BITS Pilani

Hyderabad Campus

Pressure driven flow-2

Laminar Flow through circular conduit

Hagen Poisuille Flow

Steady and fully developed flow

Vz
Steady flow 0
t
Vz
Fully developed 0
t
1 d  dVz  1 dp
r  C
r dr  dr   dz

2
Laminar Flow through circular conduit

1 d  dVz  1 dp
r  C
r dr  dr   dz
1 dp 2
Vz  r  C1 ln r  C2
4  dz
1 dp 2
C  R
dVz 4  dz
2
@ r  0; , must finite so C1  0
dr C 2
@ r  R; Vz  0 C2  R
4

Vz 
4

C 2
r  R2 
3
Laminar Flow through circular conduit

Pressure drop

Vz 
C 2
4

r  R2   CR 2
V 
R 8
  V 2 rdr
z
 1 dp R 2 1  gh f R 2
V 0
V  
 R2  dz 8  L 8
 CR 2 
V  8 V L
8 hf 
 g R 2
128 QL
Vz  r  2 hf 
 2 1  2  8 QL  g D 4
 hf 
V  R   g R 4
4
Flow through rectangular channel
Flow in y-z plane v and w=0 and flow is fully developed

1 dp   2u  2u 
0  2  2 
 dx  y z 
Approx. possible solution

 2 a 2   2 b2 
u  C  y   z  
 4  4
To satisfy y=a/2 and z=b/2 ; u=0 no slip boundary conditions

  2u  2u   2 b2   2 a 2  1 dp
 2  2   2C  z    2C  y   
 y z   4  4   dx

5
Flow through rectangular channel

  2u  2u   2 b2   2 a 2  1 dp
 2  2   2C  z    2C  y   
 y z   4  4   dx

  2u  2u  1 dp
 2  2 
 x z   dx

 2 b 2   2 a2   1 dp
2C  z   y   
 4   4    dx
b/2 a/2
 2 b2 a 2
 1 dp
b/2 a/2

     dydz   
2
2C  z y dydz
b / 2  a / 2  4 4  dx  b / 2  a / 2

6
Flow through rectangular channel

1 ab dp
C
 n dx

1 ab dp  2 a 2   2 b 2 
u  y   z   Approx.
 n dx  4  4 velocity
profile

7
 Flow through rectangular channel
Linear PDE Prob-2
  2u  2u  1 dp  u2  u2
2 2
 2  2   0
 y z   dx y 2
z 2

To get homogeneous PDE; Split the

u2
@ y  0; 0
single problem into two problem

Prob-1 y
  2u1  1 dp @ y  a / 2; u2  0
Flow  2 
through  y   dx u2
parallel @ z  0; 0
plate du1 z
@ y  0; 0
dy @ z  b / 2; u2  u1  y 
a u  u1  u2
@ y  ; u1  0
2 8
Flow through rectangular channel

u2   An cos  n y  cosh  n z 


n   2n  1
a

9
 BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

Low Reynolds Flow

Low Re flow

 u v   u  uref uref
    0  ~ 
 x y   x  xref L
 v  vref vref
  ~ 
 y  yref H
uref H
vref ~
L
vref  uref

11
Low Re Flow
 u u u  p   2u  2u 
   u  v       2  2 
 t x y  x  x y 
u uref yref
0 vref ~
t xref
u u ref
2
u ~
x xref
u vref uref ~  ref
2
u
v ~
x yref xref

12
Low Re Flow
 u u u  p   2u  2u 
   u v        2  2 
 t x y  x  x y 
u
0 uref yref
t vref ~
xref
u u 2 ref
u ~
x xref
u vref uref uref
2
v ~ ~
x yref xref
 2u uref
 2 ~ 2 IF uref
2
uref H
x x ref ~ / ~ Re H
VF L H L
u2
uref
 2 ~ 2
y y ref 13
Low Re Flow
p   2u  2u 
0    2  2 
x  x y 
 2u
~ negligible
x 2

p   2u 
0    2 
x  y 
p   2v 
0    2 
y  y 
p p dp   2u 
 0    2 
y x dx  y 
p dp

x dx
14
Low Re Flow Governing Eqn
 u v 
    0
 x y 
dp   2u 
0    2 
dx  y 

15
Low Reynolds flow example

 u v 
    0 Flow through parallel plate of
 x y  2H height ; Flow in x direction

dp   2u 
0    2 
dx  y 
1 dp y 2
u  c1 ( x )  c2 ( x )
 dx 2
u
@ y  0;  0  c1 ( x )  0
y
@ y  H ;u  0
1 dp H 2  y2 
u 1  2 
2
1 dp H
c2 ( x )    dx 2  H 
 dx 2
16