+កស=ងសu>ភiAល

CកលវiទEលFយវiទEC+សGសu>ភiAល

មuខវi&'៖ Human Embryology

Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis

ប*+ង-ន/0យ/2ក+គ5៖ 67 ប8uន9ធ;ន
Tel: 077 688 900 1
E-mail: lambunthoeun31@gmail.com July 31, 2023
I. +ប0បHបនGពJជបuរស (Male reproductive system)
+ប0បHបនGពJជបuរសMចក& ៤ MផQកស7>នHៗ

• ពងCSស (Testes) TនUទVផលiតMសXTYតJសJអ8[ត នiងអរម\Jនeភទ

• +កeពញឧបសមXFន` (Accessory Gland) បeabញវតcueវU7 MសXTYតJសJអ8[ត fgលiងh។

• ប7ពងHឧបសមXFន` (Accessory Ducts) សGuក នiងដyកU7CរlតuបeabញពVពងCSស នiង+កeពញឧប

សមXFន`fgលiងh។

• សរmeងhព7UកH (Penis) បanoនទyកpមfgកQuង/qនVfreពលរsមeភទ។

Male reproductive system

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 ពងCSស (Testes)
• ពងCSស&សរieងheភទ/tuលMដលសciតfrកQuងថងHCSស។ eពលfr&អ7+ប8[យ\uង
ពងCSសសciតfr>ង/+pមត7រង/Uម>ងកQuង+ប/wង/xy។ frMខទV៣ ពងCSស
រ{កiលមក/+pមបនGiចម|ងៗ}មប7ពងH+ក*ល-ន ដលHMខទV៧ ពងCSសl•កHចJលfgកQuងថងH
ពងCS ស។សនiម=យៗTនទមÄនH ១០-១៤+pម
• ពងCS
• កមXសH ៤ fg ៥ សម
• ទទyង ២.៥ សម
កQuងពងCSសMចក&កJនMខÖបតJចច7ន=ន+បMហល ២០០ fg ៣០០ eងពVeáមVត។ frកQuងកJនMខÖបនV
ម=យៗប7ពងH Seminiferous ច7ន=ន ៣fg ៥
Anatomy of Testis

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+កeពញឧបសមXFន` (Accessory Gland)
ក. ប7ពងHeអពVឌVឌVម (Epididymis)

• ប7ពងHeអពVឌVឌVម&ប7ពងHបតHMបនMដលបនGពVប7ពងHU7eចញ សciតfrMផQក>ងâលäãនពងCSស នiងTន

ត=UទV៣ ស7>នH៖

- ផåuកMសXTYតJសJអ8[តរហJតដលHeពញវçយ *+ត-មe+សចâដäមéVបeabញ

- &+បពFន`ប7ពងHស+TបHpរឆÖងpតHãន MសXTYតJសJអ8[តពVពងCSសfgប7ពងយ\ង

- ជ=យបanoនMសXTYតJសJអ8[តfgលiងh /0យចលUកêUëកH&ចíSកHãនCចHដu7រលVងរងìងHរបសHî។
 The functions of epididymis are
• Storage and maturation of spermatozoa.

• Absorption of the fluid.

• Inclusion of materials to the seminal fluid to nourish the

maturating spermatozoa.

• Laterally, a distinctive groove exists between the testis and the

epididymis. A fold of visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
invaginates it to create the sinus of epididymis.
ខ. ប7ពងHយ\ងH (Ductus Deferens)

• ប7ពងHeនyបនGពVប7ពងHeអពVឌVឌVម នiងTន+បMវង+បMហល ៤៥ ស.ម។ ប7ពងHយ\ង ១គJeនyសciតfrច/U•yប7ពងHAញH

ទyកpម នiង ប7ពងHeអពVឌVឌVម។

• ប7ពងHយ\ងTនUទVស7>នHកQuងpរបanoនទyកpមពV+ប0បHបនGពJជបuរសfgកQuង+ប0បHបនGពJជ+សGV freពលរsមរកï។
 +កeពញឧបសមXFន`
ក. ថងHពJជ (Seminal Vesicle)

+កeពញថងHពJជបeabញCរlតueវ ñលHp67ង+បMហល ៦០%ãនទyកpម

នiងរsមTនទyក Fructose, Prostaglandin

នiង វm}មVន C។
 ខ. +កeពញ+ប5Cëត (Prostate Gland)
• +ប5Cëត&+កeពញMដលបងòâឡäង/0យCចHដu7រលVង MដលកêUëកHបeabញCរlតueវ}មរន`តJចៗ ចJលfgប7ពងHAញH
ទyកpម នiងបងöõរ/Uម។

• CរlតueវMដលបeabញ/0យ+កeពញ+បCëត ជ=យâធìä/ñ
យសញMពTYតJសJអ8[តTនចលU នiង បនúប&តiñសùVតផÖoវ/qនV។
CរlតueនyរsមTន
Loading… ទyក, Phosphatase, Cholesterol,
អ7បiលBuffer, Phospholipids, and Protasglandin.
គ. +កeពញខJវMព (Cowper/ Bulbourethral Gland)

• +កeពញខJវMព ១គJ Tនeងនiងទ7ហ7ប\uន+ûបHសMណ†កអ

• +កeពញខJវMពTនប7ពងHបeabញCរlតueវfgកQuងMផQក/C°តãន

បងöõរ/Uម។ freពលទទ=លរ{/¢ច +កeពញeនyបeabញCរlតu

ñលHp67ងâដäមéVបនúបñសùVតãនទyក/Uម។
Spermatogenesis
 ទyកpម (Semen)
សTសlតuទyកpម
- ទyក ៩០%
- MសXTYតJសJអ8[ត ១%
- វm}មVន C
- សFងòសV
- TYeញសï§ម
- ទងHMដង នiង
- C°នHធFរ
- អ7បiលBuffer,
- Phospholipids, and
- Protasglandin
Mature Sperm Anatomy
 លiងh (Penis)
• លiងhTនមuខíរពVរគ•
១. U7ទyក/Uមeចញមកf+¶Cរxងhpយfreពល/Uម
២. ដyកU7ទyកpមចJលfgកQuងផÖoវ/qនVfreពលAញHទyកpម
• អងh+ប/wង (Corpus Cavernosum) ពVរ
• អងh/C°ត (Corpus Spongiosum)
• សរãសtម&â+ចäន (Venous Sinusoid)
• កßល/ចuងលiង(h Glans Penis)
 +ប0បHបនGពJជ+សGV
(Female Reproductive System)
 +ប0បHបនGពJជ+សGV
+ប0បHបនGពJជ+សGVរsមTន

- អJMវ (Ovaries) ៖ ផលiតអJវuល នiងអរម\Jនeភទ (Estrogen & Progestron)

- ãដសé©ន (Uterine Tube) ឬ+ប/Tយសé©ន (Oviducts)៖ &ផÖoវដyកU7អJវuល ឬស8uតfgpនHសé©ន។

- សé©ន (Uterus)៖ &កMនÖងផåuក នiងចiabyមអ7+ប8[យ\uង។

- ផÖoវ/qនV (Vagina)៖ &កMនÖងទទ=លទyកpមfreពលរsមរកï &កMនÖងl•កHរដJវ នiង&ផÖoវ+បសJ+តបu+ត

- +កeពញ/0y (Mammary gland)៖ គ•/0y´7ងពVរMដលបeabញទyក/0yស+TបHចiabyម´រក។

 Anatomy of Female Reproductive System

- External organs

- Internal organs
 The female internal reproductive organs are:

- Vagina
- Cervix
- Uterus
- Fallopian tube
- Ovaries
 អJ M វ (Ovaries)
• These organs are responsible for the production of the egg cells (ova) and the secretion
of hormones.

- Tន+បMវង ២.៥ - ៥ ស.ម

- ទទyង ១.៥ - ៣ ស.ម

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- ក7eសH+បMហល ០.៦ - ១.៥ ស.ម

- ទមÄនH&មធ¨ម ៧ +pម

Tនផå u ក ផJ ល V គ u ល

- ផJលVគuលâដäម (អJវ5កJនV 2n)

- ផJលVគuលក7ពuងលJត2សH (អJវ5សùVត 2n)

oogenesis diagram
Mature oocyte
 ãដសé© ន (Fallopian tube)
ãដសé§ន&ប7ពងHទទ=លអJវ5សùVត II ពVអJMវfgសé©ន នiងដyកU7MសXTYតJសJអ8[តfgជ=ប&ម=យeមជVវiត
ញV âហäយដyកU7 អ7+ប8[យ\uងមកpនHសé©ន។

- Tនប/-ëយ ១០ ស.ម

- អងòតHផniត ០.៥-២ ស.ម

îTនចuងãដTÆងØ'បHfgនyងសé§ន នiងចuងTÆង*ទ-តរmក
ធ7ដJច6វTនMគបជu7វiញMឆកMវងៗ f°± TតH
+ប/Tយ។
fallopian tube anatomy
The fallopian tube is described as having four parts (lateral to medial);
•Fimbriae – finger-like, ciliated projections which capture the ovum from the surface of the ovary.
•Infundibulum – funnel-shaped opening near the ovary to which fimbriae are attached.
•Ampulla – widest section of the uterine tubes. Fertilization usually occurs here.
•Isthmus – narrow section of the uterine tubes connecting the ampulla to the uterine cavity.
The three layers are:
- Mucosal membrane,
- Muscularis layer,
a wall of smooth muscle and
- Serosal coat
+ប0បHបនGពJជ+សGV (Female Reproductive System)
ត= U ទV ររបសH
បសH ស
សé§
é§ ន កQ u ង ក7 ឡ u ង eពល
eពលព/xy
ព/xy

សé§ន &សរmeងhស7>នHប7ផuតស+TបH+បពFន`បងòក7âណäត។

១ . ផå u ក អJ វ u ល បងò ក 7 â ណä ត

សé§ន &កMនÖងផåuកអJវuលបងòក7âណäត។

២ . ជ7 រ ក
ករបសH
របសH´
´រក
រក

សé§នក²&កMនÖងស+TបH´រក+ជក/pនកQuងរយ³eពលTនãផå/xy នiងលJត2សHកQuងដ7-កHpលeផïងៗ។

៣ . រm ក pនH M ត
តធ7
ធ7â ឡä ង }ម
}មpរធ7
pរធ7l តH ររបសH
បសH ´
´រក
រក

/0យCរសé§នផåuក´រកកQuងក7ឡuងeពលព/xy îក²រmកpនHMតធ7fg}មpរលJត2សHរបសH´រក។ ¥បH}7ងពVeពលអQកTនãផå/xy

រហJតដលHeពលស+Tល សé§នរបសHអQកនyងµ•សHបGoរទ7ហ>
7 •7ងប7ផuត៕
• menstruation (also termed period
or bleeding) is the process in a
woman of discharging (through the
vagina) blood and other materials
from the lining of the uterus at
about one monthly interval from
puberty until menopause (ceasing
of regular menstrual cycles),
except during pregnancy. This
discharging process lasts about 3-
5 days.
Age and female fertility rates
Ovaries
 âតäpMម\ត&អì?V

&/pសipបនGពJជញVឬ/tuលMដល+ត5វផAនផលiតfreពលØវ³រសHeពញវçយ។
 សរmeងheភទរបសHមនuសï+បuសTនអìVខÖy?

ប7ពងHយ\ង ថងHពJជ eអពVឌVឌVម +កeពញ+ប5Cëត បងöõរ/Uម ពងCSស លiងh

/A•ក/Uម ថងH់ពJជ +ប5Cëត +កeពញខJMព ប7ពងH់យ\ង eអពVឌVឌVម បងöõរ/Uម លiងh ពងCSស ថងHពងCSស
 âតäពងCSស&អì?V âតäîTនUទVអìVខÖy?

&+កeពញeភទ/tuល TនUទVផលiតអរម\JនeតសGoeសGរ¸5ន នiងMសXTYតJសJអ8[ត។

សរmeងheភទរបសHមនuសï+សVTនអìVខÖy?

ផÖoវeភទ សé§ន កសé§ន ãដសé§ន អJMវ

/+pយក7âនäត âតäពងCSស នiងអJMវTនUទVអ?ìV

ពងCSសផលiតអរម\JនeតសGoeសGរ¸5ន។

អJMវផលiតអរម\Jនអ•+សGoMសន នiង +ប5eសeសGរ¸5ន។

ដJចeមGចMដលf°±Øព+គបH់pរ? âតäeក¹ង+បuស នiងeក¹ង+សVម=យ-ºបH់់+គបH់pរ&ង?

Øព+គបH់pរគ•&ដ7-កHpលម=យMដលfreពល/Uy+ប0បHបនGពJជ¥បH់âផGäមប7eពញUទVqYង

eពញeលញគ• ផលiតpMម\ត។
/+pយeពល+គបHpរ âតäអìVMដលâធìä/ñយសរmeងheក¹ង+សVM+ប+ប=ល?

អរម\Jនអ•+សGoMសន
âតäអរម\JនeតសGoeសGរ¸5នបíªញ/ñយâឃäញលក½ណ³eភទបUæបHអìVខÖy?

សeមÖង+គល Cuរmកធ7 ដuyពuកTតH ដuy/eមâលäដងខÖõន

âតäpរសciតfr>ងf+¶CរxងhpយãនពងCSសTនCរ³ស7>នHដJចeមGច?

រកúសVតuណªØពស+TបHpរលJត2សHរបសH sperm (សVត.u ពងCSស´ប&ងសV

តu.CរxងhpយពV១អងúfg៣អងúរ)។
âតäក7ណpMម\ត/tuលâកäតTនfrកMនÖង-កQuង+ប0បHបនGពJជបuរស?

âកäតTនfrកQuងប7ពងHeសមVនVMភãនពងCSស។
 âតäMសXTYតJសJអ8[តMចក&ប\uUuនMផQក? អìVខÖy?

Mចក&៣MផQក គ•កßល (ñ+ក5សJម ãណSយ\J) ក-ëល (មVតJកuង+ឌV) នiងកនåuយ (µ•Mសល)។

âត䵕MសលTនUទVâធìäអ?ìV

µ•MសលTនUទVâធìä/ñយMសXTYតJសJអ8[ត(sperm)Mហល។
âតäñ+ក5សJមផåuកអì?V îTនUទVអ?ìV

ñ+ក5សJមផåuកអងHសùVម។

îTនUទVជ=យ/ñយãណSយ\JãនMសXTYតJអ8[ត*+ជ-តចJលfgកQuងសùVតJA•សរបសHអJវuលAន។
âតäទyកpមបងòពVអìVខÖy?

បងòពVលßយãនlតueវMដលបeabញ/0យថងHពJជ +កeពញ+ប5Cëត នiង+កeពញខJMព នiង2យ

&ម=យMសXTYតJសJអ8[ត។
âតälតueវបeabញ/0យថងHពJជTនលក½ណ³ដJចeមGច?

lតueវ/Uyសមé§រ/0យ&តiសòរស+TបHpMម\ត/tuលâ+បä+AសH&±មពល។
âតälតueវបeabញ/0យ+កeពញ+ប5CëតTនលក½ណ³ដJចeមGច?

lតueវ/UyñចបនúបAសfrកQuង+ប0បHបនGពJជមនuសï+សV។
âតälតueវបeabញ/0យ+កeពញខJMពTនលក½ណ³ដJចeមGច?

lតueវ/Uy&Aសស+TបHបនúបñសùVតអ8uយរiចfrកQuងបងöõរ/Uម។
eហតuអìVAន&freពលទyកpមeចញ}មបងöõរ/Uម ទyក/UមមiនហJរeចញ2យ&ម=យទyកpម?

/+xyfreពលបeabញទyកpម CចHដu7frMកéរ/A•ក/Uមក+UកHបiទជiតមiន/ñយទyក/Uម

ហJរeចញ។
âតäpរលJត2សHរបសផJលVគuលTនប\uUuនដ7-កHpល? អìVខÖy?

Tន៤ដ7-កHpល គ• ផJលVគuល១ ផJលVគuល២ ផJលVគuល+ប/wង ផJលVគuលដ•+pប។

âតäអJMវeពញវçយfrច/U•yñយuប\uUuន?

១២ fg ១៥ºø7
âតäអរម\JនMដលប-ëល/ñយTនpរលJត2សHលក½ណ³eភទបUæបHរបសHមនuសï+សVTន/tuyអì?V

អរម\Jនអ•+សGoMសន
âតäអ•+សGoMសនâធìä/ñយeលចeចញនJវលក½ណ³ពieសសអìVខÖyរបសH+សVG ?

ឆ¿yង+តûករmកCយ âដäម+ទ5ងរmកធ7 សeមÖង+ស=យ MសéកទនH âធìä/ñយសé§ន*+ត-មលក½ណ³កQuងpរបងòក7âណäត។

âតäអJMវTនប\uUuនMផQក? អìVខÖy?

Tន២MផQក គ•៖ MផQកកQuង (សមé§រ/0យសរãសtម) នiងMផQក&យ (សមéក) &កMនÖងpMម\តញVលJត2សH។

âតäរ5បlតuâដäមfrកQuងអJវuលTនCរoស7>នHអìVខÖy?
ស+TបHស7/qគ+ប5eតអVុនកQuង/pសip នiងTនUទVស7>នHកQuងដ7^កHដ7បJងãនpរលJត2សHរបសHអ7+ប8[យ\uង។
âតä&តiពណF9ល;ងfrកQuងអJវuលTន+ប/qជន¬អ?ìV

â+បä+AសH&Cរlតuចiabyមស+TបHpរលJត2សHរបសH់អ7+ប8[យ\uង។
ដJចeមGចMដលfW±វដGរដJវ?

វដGរដJវ គ•&pរM+ប+ប=លអរម\JនeលHMខMដលប^ëល/ñយTនដ7âណäរអJវuល នiងpរ*+ត-មលកmណoãនសé§នស+TបH

pរTនãផå/xyMដលñចâកäតTន។
ដJចeមGចMដលfW±ដ7âណäរអJវuល?

&AតuភJតMដលផJលVគuលទ7ុ âហäយផåuyâហäយបeabញអJវQ5តសùVតIIមកf+¶។ îâធìäដ7âណäរ}មãដសé§នMដលfr

ទV/UyTនpរបងòក7âណäត។
âតäអរម\Jន+ប5eសeសGរQ5ន នiង អ•+CëឌVយ\JលTន+ប/qជន¬អìVច7/xyមនuសï+សV ?

TនUទV+តsតពiនiត¨លកmខណªកQuងãផåសé§នកQuងរយoeពលវដGរដJវ។
កQuងរយoeពលដ7âណäរអJវuល កQuងខÖõនមនuសï+សV âតäTនអìVâកäតâឡäង?

អងh9ល;ងផលiតEstrogen =>សរãសtមកQuង+ស´បHØøសâសäមសé§នរmកធ7 នiងØøសâសäមសé§នâឡäƒង+pសH&អតiបរT

ពV ៥fg៧mm។
eហតuអìVAន&tមរដJវហJរeចញ/+pយeពលûuនpរpចHស7បuករបសHអ7+ប8[យuង?

ក+មiតEstrogenនiងProgesteroneថយចuy=>សរãសtមកQuងØøសâសäមសé§នបiទ /pសipរបសHØøសâសäមសé§ន

ទទ=លpរផhតHផhងHtមមiន+គបH+ûនH &eហតuâធìä/ñយ/pសip>ងកQuងសé§ន+ត5វ0ចH âហäយបâងòäតAន&

tមរដJវ។
âតäអìVfg&tមរដJវ?

tមរដJវ គ•&លßយãនtម នiងកeមåចកមåV/pសipãន

Øøសâសäមសé§នMដលAន0ចH។
freពលអងh9ល;ងផលiតអរម\Jនអ•+សGoMសន âតäសé§ននyងfg&qYងដJចeមGច ? eហតuអ?ìV

Øøសâសäមសé§នpនHMត+pស /0យCរសរãសtមកQuងØøសâសäមសé§នរmកធ7។
freពលក+មiតអរម\JនEstrogen & ProgesteroneTនpរlˆកHចuy âតäTនអìVâកäតâឡäងfrកQuងសé§ន?

សរãសtមកQuងØøសâសäមសé§នបiទ /pសipរបសHØøសâសäមសé§នទទ=លpរផhតHផhងHtមមiន+គបH+ûនH &eហតu

âធìä/ñយ/pសip>ងកQuងសé§ន+ត5វ0ចH âហäយបâងòäតAន&tមរដJវ។
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