Small Hydropower

and Its
Classification
Discover the fascinating world of small hydropower and learn about its
definition, advantages, classifications, and future potential.

by Vivek Kumar
What is Small Hydropower?
Small hydropower refers to the generation of electricity using water resources on a smaller scale,
typically with a capacity of less than 10 MW. It harnesses the natural power of flowing or falling water
to produce clean and sustainable energy.
Advantages and Benefits
1 Eco-Friendly 🌿
Small hydropower plants have minimal environmental impact and emit virtually
no greenhouse gases, making them a sustainable and clean energy option.

2 Local Economic Development 💼

These projects create job opportunities, stimulate local economies, and improve
the quality of life in rural communities.

3 Renewable Energy Source ♻️

Water is a renewable resource, ensuring a long-term energy supply and reducing
dependence on fossil fuels.
Classification Based on
Capacity
Micro Hydropower

Capacity: Less than 100 kW. Often used for powering single homes, small farms, or
remote communities.

Mini Hydropower

Capacity: 100 kW - 1 MW. Suitable for small industries or local power grids.

Small Hydropower

Capacity: 1 MW - 10 MW. Can meet the energy demands of a small town or power
several larger industries.
Classification Based on Head

Low Head Medium Head High Head

Head: Up to 10 meters. Head: 10 - 50 meters. Utilizes Head: 50 - 300 meters.

Utilizes slow-moving and low waterfalls, weirs, or existing Requires steep mountainous
force water sources such as dams to harness the energy of terrain and fast-flowing
rivers, canals, and irrigation flowing water. streams to generate electricity.
channels.
Classification Based on
Location
1 Run-of-River

Water continuously flows through the plant without the need for storage.
Suitable in areas with consistent water supply.

2 Storage Hydropower

Water is stored in reservoirs, which allows for controlled release and

provides a steady supply of electricity.

3 Pumped Storage

Excess energy is used to pump water back into the reservoir, which can
be released later during peak demand periods.
Examples and Case Studies
Micro Hydropower
Project
Implemented in a remote
village, this project
successfully brought electricity
to previously unserved
households, improving their
quality of life.
Small Hydropower
Dam
A small dam constructed in a
hilly region enabled the local
community to harness the
power of a nearby river,
providing electricity to nearby
towns.
Mini Hydropower
Turbine
A local industry installed a mini
hydropower turbine to meet
their energy needs, reducing
reliance on fossil fuels and
lowering operating costs.
Future Prospects and
Potential
With advancements in technology and increasing focus on renewable
energy, small hydropower holds immense potential. It can play a
significant role in transitioning to a sustainable and resilient energy
future, offering clean and affordable electricity to communities around
the world.