Discrete Structure

Topic Name:
Set Builder Form
Submitted To:
Ma’am Ishrat Hayyat Malik.
Submitted By:
GROUP (4)
Ihtasham Aslam (Group
Leader)
Class:
BS (CS) 2nd Semester
(Morning).
 The Islamia University
Bahawalpur
Standard Sets of Numbers
Set:
Set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects or things is known as
set.

Standard Sets Of Numbers:

The standard sets of numbers can be expressed in all the three forms of
representation of a set.

 Statement form
 Roster form
 Set builder form

Set builder form OR Set builder Notation:

 A shorthand used to write set
 The set builder notation is a way of defining set by describing it’s
elements, rather than listing them.
  It is an alternate approach to define a set by describing it’s
elements.

Notation:
A series or system of symbols used to represent numbers, amounts, or
elements of a set is called notation.
We used different symbols to represent. Some basic symbols which are
normally used such as follows:

Symbol Name
∩ Intersection
U Union
< Less then
> Greater then
ᶲ Phi
˄ And
v Or

Types Of Number or Set

There are different types of numbers are as follows:

1. Natural Numbers:
A set which consist set of all numbers starting from 1 is called set of
natural numbers.

Set of natural numbers are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ….……

Therefore, this set is denoted by ‘N’.
Roster form of Natural Number:
N = {1, 2, 3, ………}

Set builder form of Natural Number:

N = { x : x ϵ N ˄ x>0 }

Example:
N = {1, 2, 3,4,5}

In set builder:

N= { x : x ϵ N ˄ 0< x >6 }

2. Whole Numbers:
A set which contain set containing all natural numbers and also start
from zero (0) is known as whole number.

Set of whole numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…….

Therefore, the set of whole numbers is denoted by ‘W’.

Roster form of Whole Number:

W = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ………. }

Set builder form of Whole Number:

W = {x : x ϵ W ˄ x≥0 }
Example:
W = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 }

In set builder:
{x:xϵw˄0<x>7}

3. Integer Numbers:
A set which contain all negative numbers of natural number, zero and all
positive natural numbers is called integers numbers.

Therefore, the set of whole numbers is denoted by ‘Z’.

Roster form of Integer numbers:

Set of integer numbers are as:

Z = {………, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …….}

Set builder form of Integer Numbers:

Z = { x : x ϵ I ˄ x ≥ 0 ˄ x <0 }

Example:
Z = { -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,}

In set builder:

Z= { x : x ϵ Z ˄ -2 ≤ x ≤ 2}

4. Even Numbers:
 A set which contain set of natural numbers, which are divisible by 2 is
called set of even numbers.

Therefore, the set of even natural numbers is denoted by ‘E’.

Roster form of Even Numbers:

E = { 2, 4, 6, 8, ……….}

Set builder form of Even Number:

E = { x :x ϵ N ˄ x/2 == 0 }

Example:
E = { 2, 4, 6, 8 }

In set builder:

E={ x : x ϵ N ˄ 2 ≤ x ≤ 8 }

5. Odd Numbers:
A set which contain set of natural numbers, which are not divisible by 2
is called set odd numbers.

Therefore, the set of even natural numbers is denoted by ‘O’.

Roster form of Odd Number:

O = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ……. }

Set builder of Odd Number:

O = {x : x ϵ N ˄ x / 2 ≠ 0 }
Example:
O = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}

In set builder:

O = { x : x ϵ O ˄ 1 ≤ x ≤9 }

6. Rational Number:
A set which contain all the numbers that can be written as p/q form.
Zero is included. Where q≠0. It is denoted by ‘Q’.

Set builder form of Rational Number:

Q = { p/q | p , q ϵ Z ˄ q ≠ 0 }

Roster form of Rational Number:

Q = { 0, 2/3 ,5/6 ,1.9 ,………… }

7. Irrational Numbers:
A set of numbers that cannot be written in p/q form is called Irrational
numbers. It is denoted by Q`.

Set builder form of Irrational Numbers:

Q` = { ! (p/q) | p , q ϵ Z ˄ q ≠ 0 }
Roster form of Irrational Numbers:
Q` = { √3, √17,………}
8. Prime Number:
A set which contain set of all integer which is p>1 is said to be a prime
number if only positive devisors are 1 and itself.

Therefore, the set of even natural numbers is denoted by ‘P’.

Roster form of Prime Number:

P= { 2, 3, 5, 7,……..}

Set builder form of Prime Numbers

P= { x : x ϵ P ˄ p>1, (p/1=0) and (p/p=0)}
Example:
P = { 2, 3, 5, 7 }
In set builder
P = { x : x ϵ p ˄ 1<x<9 }

9. Empty Set or Null Set:

Number of elements in an empty set is finite, empty set is a finite set.
The cardinality of empty set or null set is zero. It is represented by ’ᶲ’.

Roster form of Empty Set:

A={}
Set builder form of Empty set:

A = { x : x ϵ ᶲ ˄ | ᶲ|=0}
Example:
A={}
In Set Builder Form:
A = {x | x ∈ N and 7 < x < 8}

10. Singleton Set or Unit Set:

A set which consist on only one element is called singleton set.
It is also called Unit set. A singleton set is denoted by “S”.
Roster form of Singleton Set:
S={1}
Set builder notation of Singleton Set:
S = { x : x ϵ S ˄ |S|=1}

Example:
S={8}
In Set Builder form:
S = { x | x ∈ N, 7 < x < 9}

11. Set of Composite Numbers:

A set which of natural numbers which is not prime or more than 2
devisers is called set of composite numbers.

Therefore, the set of even natural numbers is denoted by ‘O’.

Roster form of Composite number:

C = { 4, 6, 8, 9, 10,……..}
Set Builder form of Composite number:
C = { X | X : X ∉ p}
Example:
C = { 12, 14, 16, 20, 22 }

In Set Builder Form:

C = { X | X ∈ N, X ∉ p, 10<X>24 }
The End