Co, Chynna R.

BPA 2-B

Activity 8

1) What are the basic social institutions discussed in our lesson and explain each.

a. Family- The Family is the primary unit through which socialization occurs, the family is
regarded as a societal building block. It is a social unit formed via blood, marriage, or
adoption that can be nuclear, consisting of two parents and their children, or extended,
embracing other relatives. Although families differ greatly around the world, families
from all cultures share some basic concerns in their daily lives.

b. Education- Education socializes children and young people by teaching them cultural
norms, values, and beliefs. It also passes down cultural heritage from generation to
generation. Education also gives people with the necessary skills and information to
function in society.

c. Religion- Religion is a cohesive set of rituals and beliefs about sacred objects—i.e.,
objects that are unique and taboo. Religion has the power to socialize people into a
group and inculcate moral principles. People's perspectives on the world and themselves
are greatly influenced by their religion.

d. Government- Another important social institution in society is the government. It is in

charge of upholding law and order, shielding the populace from danger, and ensuring
the general welfare.
This organization is made up of a number of smaller organizations and departments,
including the courts, the military, and the police. These legal establishments use the
enforcement of laws and policies to control society and deter crime.

e. Economy- The creation and distribution of products and services are handled by the
economy, a social institution. The exchange of money and other resources falls under its
purview. The basic, secondary, and tertiary sectors are the three categories into which
the economy is commonly separated.

2) Differentiate from each other: Democracy, Socialism and Communism.

 a. Democracy- A democracy is a system of governance that gives the people the ability to
exercise political power, places restrictions on the authority of the head of state, allows for
the division of powers amongst governmental branches, and guarantees the preservation of
civil freedoms and fundamental rights. Democracy actually exists in a variety of forms. There
are currently several forms of democracies in use, in addition to the two most prevalent
kinds—direct and representative—including participatory, liberal, parliamentary, pluralist,
constitutional, and socialist democracies.

b. Socialism- is a social and economic theory that favors government control over private
ownership of land and natural resources. The socialist perspective holds that people live and
work in collaboration with one another rather than in seclusion. In addition, every human
creation is really a social product, and everyone who helps create a good has a claim to a
portion of it. Therefore, for the benefit of all of its members, society as a whole ought to
possess or at the very least govern property.

c. Communism- Communism is a political, social, and economic ideology that supports the
elimination of private property ownership and profit-based economies in favor of a classless
economy in which labor, buildings, machinery, tools, and other means of production are
collectively owned and the state either forbids or severely restricts private property
ownership. Proponents of communism view it as an improved form of socialism because to
its antagonism to both capitalism and democracy.

3) Discuss the models of power structure in the United States.

4) List down at least three environmental issues that are vital problems confronting our society.

a. Air Pollution- Over the course of the year, air pollution has become particularly problematic
in the Philippines. Going by World Health Organization’s health and environment scorecard,
the country records an annual mean of 24 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³) for fine
particulate matter, significantly surpassing the recommended maximum level of 5 µg/m³. For
the most part, air pollution in the Philippines stems from the burning of fossil fuels like coal
and oil. Considering that 53% of the population is without access to clean fuels and
technology for cooking, this is bound to further exacerbate air quality in the long run.

b. Climate Change- climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global
average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader
sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The current rise in global
average temperature is more rapid than previous changes, and is primarily caused by
humans burning fossil fuels. Fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and
industrial practices add to greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide and methane.
Greenhouse gases absorb some of the heat that the Earth radiates after it warms from
sunlight. Larger amounts of these gases trap more heat in Earth's lower atmosphere, causing
global warming.

c. Dynamite Fishing- Dynamite fishing or grenade fishing is a destructive fishing practice using
explosives to stun or kill schools of fish for easy collection. This often-illegal practice is
extremely destructive to the surrounding ecosystem, as the explosion often destroys the
underlying habitat (such as coral reefs) that supports the fish. The frequently improvised
nature of the explosives used, and undetonated charges, means danger for fishermen and
divers as well, with accidents and injuries.

5) What are the governmental agencies tasked to protect and preserve the environment?

DENR- The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is responsible for the
formulation and implementation of policies, guidelines, and rules related to environmental
management, as well as the management and conservation of the country’s natural resources.
The DENR also implements rules and regulations governing the exploration, development,
extraction, disposition, and use of forests, minerals, wildlife, and other natural resources.

The following agencies are attached to the DENR:

Environmental Management Bureau
Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau
National Mapping and Resources Information Authority
National Water Resources Board
Palawan Council for Sustainable Development
Laguna Lake Development Authority
Natural Resources Development Corp.
Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission
Philippine Reclamation Authority
Philippine Forest Corporation
Philippine Mining Development Corporation