PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

• We form the Present Perfect with have + the past participle form of
the verb.
SUBJECT POSITIVE NEGATIVE PARTICIPLE
I/We/You/They have (‘ve) have not finished.
(haven’t)
He/She/It has (‘s) has not (hasn’t)

Yes/No QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

Have finished? Yes, No, I/we/you/they
I/we/you/they I/we/you/they haven’t.
have.
Has he/she/it Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t.

JUST/ ALREADY / YET

We use just/ already and yet when we talk about recent actions with the
present perfect.
We use just and already in positive sentences.

Just used with the present perfect means 'a short time before'.
I've just seen Susan coming out of the cinema.
Mike's just called. Can you ring him back, please?
Have you just taken my pen?!
Already used with the present perfect means 'before now'. We use it to
emphasise that something happened before something else or earlier than
expected.
I've already spent my salary and it's two weeks before payday.
He wanted to see Sudden Risk but I've already seen it.
The train's left already!
Yet used with the present perfect means 'at any time up to now'. We use it
to emphasise that we expect something to happen soon. Yet is used in
negative sentences and questions.
Have you finished your homework yet?
I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner.
A. Where's Sam? B: He hasn't arrived yet.
Yet comes at the end of the sentence or question.
FOR / SINCE
We use the present perfect with for or since to talk about situations that
started in the past and continue now:

John has worked here for five years.

John has worked here since he left school.
For and since both answer the question How long?
“ How long have you worked here ?” “ For five years.”
“ How long have you known Sami?” “ Since 2000”
Use for + a period of five minutes, an hour, Sami’s been my best
time two weeks, for years, a friend for many years.
long time, etc.
Use since + an exact five o’clock, Monday, Sami’s been my best
time , day , date or March, he left school. friend since 2000.
event Sami’s been my best
friend since we started
school.
Part I. Write for or since below:
Examples: ...for… about 200 years. / …… since…….. 1810
1- _______________ 1987.
2- ________________ July.
3- _______________ ten minutes.
4- ________________ I was eighteen.
5- _______________ quarter past three.
6- ________________ nearly three months.
7- _______________ one year.
8- ________________ about twenty- five years.