LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK ONE (1) ENDING 8TH SEPTEMBER 2023

DATE: 4th – 8tlh September 2023

CLASS: J. S. 2

SUBJECT: Basic Technology

TOPIC: First Aid and Its Materials
SUBTOPIC: (i) What is First Aid?
(ii) First Aid Materials
(iii) Application of Simple First Aid
(iv) ABC of First Aid
PERIODS: 2
DURATION: 80 minutes

REFERENCE BOOKS: Basic Technology for J. S. 2 by Omotuoye

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: (i) A First Aid Box and Materials

(ii) Picture of a Doctor Administering First Aid

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lessons, students should be able to:

i. Define First Aid
ii. List out the materials used for First Aid treatment
iii. Explain how to apply First Aid
iv. Know what the ABC of First Aid is

KEY VOCABULARIES: First Aid, Materials, Box, Application, Administer, Medical

Practitioner.

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: Students already know who a medical practitioner is.

CONTENT:

WHAT IS FIRST AID?

Definition: First aid is defined as the simple and first medical treatment administered (given) to a sick or
injured person before being taken to a doctor or hospital. In the cause of using a piece of equipment or
tool in a technology workshop, accidents or injuries may occur. And this means there is every need to
learn how to give or administer first aid and also know how first aid materials are applied. Therefore, it is
important that every students know how to use the first aid materials in preventing infections and heal
wounds.

FIRST AID MATERIALS

First aid materials are kept in a box called FIRST AID BOX. The first aid box must contain the
following first aid materials:

1. COTTON WOOL: This is used for cleaning wounds of blood and any other liquids on the surface of a
human flesh. It is used as an absorbent material or as a pad for padding wounds. It is also used to apply
spirit or iodine to the wound and also help for soaking blood oozing from the wound.
2. SCISSORS OR RAZOR BLADE: This is used for cutting plasters or bandages. And it must be blunt ended
(lack a sharp end) to avoid injury.
3. BANDAGES & PLASTER: These are used to protect wounds and injuries from dirt and dusts, restrict the
movement of some part of the body (especially the joints) and as well as to reduce swelling. It also helps
in reducing further bleeding and infections (such as tetanus – bacteria diseases causing rigidity of the
muscle).
4. PENICILLIN: This is an antibiotic produced naturally by certain blue moulds, applied on fresh wound in
order to make it heal faster.
5. TONG: It is used for holding cotton wool when administering treatment to a wound.
6. DRUGS: These are medicines or substances taken into the body system to help eradicate sickness or
injuries. The basic drugs in a first aid box are mostly paracetamol, Panadol and some antibiotics, which
helps to reduce pains (like body pains, menstrual pains, etc), headaches and fever.
7. DISPOSABLE HAND GLOVE: This is worn to prevent skin contamination or infection to the person
dressing the wound. It is highly recommended that the person applying first aid for an injured person
must use the disposable hand glove and dispose it after use.
8. SAFETY PINS: These are pins used for securing the bandage used to protect the wound after first aid
had being administered.
9. IODINE, METHYLATED SPIRITS AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDES: These are used for cleaning and
disinfection of wounds on the flesh. They are sometimes known as disinfectants.
10. SOAP: This is used for washing of hands after first aid has being given by a person. The most common
soap used are antiseptic soaps like Tetmosol and Dettol.

Note:
A person who will apply first aid treatment for an injured patient must first have some basic
characteristics:
1. The person must be neat and clean
2. The person must be well taught about injuries and how to use the first aid materials
3. The person must learn how to exercise patience
4. The person must be health conscious

APPLICATION OF SIMPLE FIRST AID

1. Cuts on the flesh – Cuts can be treated by pressing the affected part to stop the bleeding. You can as
well apply some disinfectant like Dettol on a cotton wool to clean the affected part. Plaster can then be
used and bandage is necessary, to cover the part of the flesh. This should be done before taking such
injured person to the hospital, it the cut is a major cut.

2. Burns on the flesh by fire or chemical – As for burns caused by fire, you can apply cold water with a
pad to soothe the pain before taking the person to the hospital. If caused by chemical, then check what
type of chemical it is. If it is an acid, flush the burn with sodium hydrogen carbonate to neutralize the
action of the acid on the affected part. If it is an alkali; use lemon juice and then open all affected part to
the air and dry carefully with clean dry dressing.

3. Snake bite or scorpion sting – Tie a cloth or rope around leg at the top of the snake bite or scorpion
sting and use a razor blade to open the part of the flesh where the bit happened so as to allow the poison
fluid flow out. And then take the person and the snake to the hospital, peradventure you were able to kill
the snake.

4. Electric shock – If this occur, the patient should be given an artificial respiration or mouth to mouth
resuscitation (revive from unconsciousness) by taking a deep breath. Pinch the patient nostril together
with your fingers, seal your lip round his mouth and blow air into his lungs until the chest rises. You then
remove your mouth and watch the chest fall. Continue with this process until natural breath is restored.

THE ABC OF FIRST AID

A – Airway (Check if the patient has no obstruction in his trachea or windpipe)
B – Breathing (Check if the patient is still breathing)
C – Circulation (Check if the patient still have pulse)

QUESTIONS AFTER CLASS

1. List the procedure you would apply in controlling bleeding from a wound on the leg.
2. Give three reasons why there is a need to have a first aid box in a Basic Technology workshop.
3. Why must your hands and the materials you use be clean before you apply first aid to a victim
of an accident?

PRESENTATIONS:
i. The teacher revised the last topic
ii. The teacher introduced the new topic
iii. The teacher explains the topic
iv. The teacher gives notes to students

EVALUATION: Students are asked to:

i. Define First Aid
ii. Explain the process of administering first aid
iii. List out the materials in a first aid box

CONCLUSION: Students notes are checked, corrected, and marked.

ASSIGNMENT: Draw three First Aid materials and a first aid box.

REMARKS: