Worked Examples

For any function f(x):

0
f(x) + a represents a translation by the vector ( ).
a
-a
f(x + a) represents a translation by the vector ( 0 ).

-f(x) represents a reflection in the x-axis.

f(-x) represents a reflection in the y-axis.

Important: Although the question has asked you to sketch the graph, you must still make sure the
coordinates of the turning points and any intercepts are clearly labelled.

y
6
5
1. The graph of y = f(x) is shown.
4
a. Sketch the graph of y = f(x) + 1 3

b. Sketch the graph of y = f(x – 2) 2

1

0 x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
-2
-3
-4

2. The graph of y = f(x) is shown. The point P has coordinates (3, 2).
Write down the coordinates of the point P when the graph is transformed to:

a. –f(x)
y

b. f(x + 2)
f(x)

c. f(-x)
P (3,2)

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3. The graph of y = f(x) is shown. It has a turning point at (5, 1).
Write down the coordinates of the turning point when the graph is transformed to:

a. f(x) – 3 y

b. f(x - 2.5) f(x)

c. -f(x) + 4

(5, 1)
x

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