8/24/2021

Even-Odd Function
Dolfus G. Miciano

Even Function
• Given f(x), if changing x into –x so that f(-x) = f(x) then f(x) is even.
• Example 1: Determine if f(x) = 4x4 - 3x2 + 3 is even or odd.
• Solution: Replacing x with – x
 f(-x) = 4(-x)4 - 3(-x)2 + 3 ; simplify each term
= 4x - 3x + 3
4 2 ; compare to the given
f(-x) = f(x)

Therefore, f(x) is an even function.

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Odd Function
• Given f(x), if changing x into –x so that f(-x) = - f(x) then f(x) is an odd
function.
• Example 2: Show f(x) = x5 + 3x3 - 3x is an odd function.
• Solution: Replacing x with – x
 f(-x) = (-x)5 + 3(-x)3 – 3(-x) ; simplify the terms
= - x - 3x + 3x
5 3

= - (x5 + 3x3 – 3x) ; factor out the negative

 f(-x) = - f(x)

Therefore, f(x) is an odd function.

Example 3: Determine if f(x) = sin (4x) is even or odd function

• Solution: Replacing x with – x

 f(-x) = sin(4(-x)) ; simplify the argument
= sin(-4x)
= - sin(4x) ; recall sin (-x) = - sin x
 f(-x) = - f(x)

Therefore, f(x) is an odd function.

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Example 4: Is f(x) = -x3 + 5x – 4 an odd function?

• Solution: Replacing x with – x

f(-x) = -(-x)3 + 5(-x) – 4 ; simplify the terms
= x3 - 5x – 4
= - (-x3 + 5x + 4) ; factor out the negative
f(-x) ≠ - f(x)
Also, f(-x) ≠ f(x)

Therefore, f(x) is neither odd nor even function.

Piecewise Function
Dolfus G. Miciano

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Piecewise Function
y f(x)=2x-1

• A function defined by many conditions such as

f(x)=2
f(x)=x+2
8

Tips: trace the graph by a 6

vertical line from left to right Y=x+2

and if there is no graph (gap),
2𝑥 − 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1 then that set of numbers (gap)
4

(1, 2)
f(x) = 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1 is not included in the domain. 2

For the range use the horizontal x

𝑥 + 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1 line by tracing from bottom

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

going up. -2
Note: there is no gap when
-4
tracing the graph by a
vertical line from left to
-6 right, then the set of real
Y=2x-1 numbers is the domain. For
 D= all real nos. -8
the range, there is a gap
 R = (- ,1) U {2} U (3, +) when tracing by horizontal
line from bottom going up

Example 2: Find the domain and range of the function defined

below
y f(x)=1-x^2
f(x)=3x+1

1 − 𝑥2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0 8

Y=3x+1
f(x) =
6

3𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 1 ≤ 𝑥 2

x
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

-2

Note: there is a gap (from 0

Y=1-x2 -4 to 1) when tracing the
graph by a vertical line from
-6
left to right. For the range,
 D= (- ,0) U [1, +) -8 there is a gap ( from 1 to 4)
when tracing by horizontal
line from bottom going up
 R = (- ,1) U [4, +)

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Example 3: Find the domain and range of the function below

f(x)=1-x

𝑥+1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 − 2 f(x)=x+1
f(x)=sqrt (4-x^2)

f(x) =  
4 − 𝑥2 𝑖𝑓 − 2 < 𝑥 < 2 5

1 − 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 2 ≤ 𝑥  
Y= 4 − 𝑥2
Note: for domain, there is x
no gap from left to right
when tracing the graph by a
vertical line. For the range,
there is a gap ( from -1 to 0)
-5
when tracing by horizontal Y=x+1 Y=1-x
 D= all real nos. line from bottom going up

 R = (- ,-1] U (0, 2]