‫‪Organizing and Graphing Data‬‬

‫‪Definitions‬‬
‫‪Raw Data:‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫‪Data Types‬‬

‫‪Single Valued Data‬‬ ‫‪Quantitative Data‬‬ ‫‪Qualitative Data‬‬

‫‪1. Qualitative Data:‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﻋﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ )‪(A,B,C,D,……..‬‬
‫‪2. Quantitative Data:‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺄﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻅﻔﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬

‫‪3. Single Value Data:‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ )‪(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10‬‬
‫‪Examples‬‬
‫‪Qualitative Data:‬‬
‫‪1) Example one‬‬
‫‪Twenty elementary school children were asked if they live with both parents (B), father only‬‬
‫‪(F), mother only (M), or someone else (S). the response of the children are as follows.‬‬

‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
 I. Construct frequency distribution table.
II. Write the relative frequencies and percentages for all categories.
III. What percentage of children in this sample live with mothers only?
IV. Draw bar graph for the frequencies and pie chart for the percentage.

SOLUTION
frequency distribution table & frequencies and percentages for all categories.
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﺗﻲ‬
Items:
(M, F, M, S)‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
Tally:
‫ﻁﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ | ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
|||| ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﺧﻤﺲ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
Frequency:
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
Relative Frequency:
Frequency of that category
Relative frequency of acategory =
Sum of all freque ncies

Percentage:
Percentage = (Relative frequency) ꞏ 100%
Angle:
Angles= Relative frequency *360

Items Tally frequency Relative frequency Percentage Angle

M |||| | 6 0.3 30% 108
F |||| 4 0.2 20% 72
B |||| |||| 9 0.45 45% 162
S | 1 0.05 5% 18
20 1 100% 360

The percentage of children in this sample that live with mothers only=30
‫‪Bar graph for the frequencies‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫‪12‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Frequency‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪categorey‬‬

‫‪Pie chart for the percentage‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (Angle‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ً‬

‫‪PERCENTAGE‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪13%‬‬
‫‪27%‬‬

‫‪23%‬‬

‫‪37%‬‬

‫‪Quantitative Data:‬‬
1) Example Two:
The following data give the number of computer keyboards assembled at the twenties century
electronics company for sample of 25 days
45 52 48 41 56 46 44 42 48 53 51 53 51
48 46 43 52 50 54 47 44 47 50 49 52

A. Construct a frequency distribution table

B. Calculate the relative frequencies and percentages for all classes.
C. Construct a histogram and polygon for the percentage distribution and cumulative increasing
curve.
D. For what percentage of the days is the number of computer keyboards more than 53?

SOLUTION
(Classes) ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
- :‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ‬
c= number of classes
c = 1 + 3.3 log n, 4 ≤ c ≤ 9
n= total number of data
Largest value - Smallest value
Approximate class width =
Number of classes

Largest value =56

Smallest value =41
n=25 days
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 2.5>>>3

c=1+3.3log (25) =5.6 >>> 6 classes

lower limit of first class must be less that smallest value >>> 40
Upper limit of the first class=40+3=43 and so on.
Frequency distribution table& relative frequencies and percentages for all classes
 Class Mid Point Tally frequency Relative frequency Percentage Angle
40,41,42 40‐43 41.5 || 2 0.08 8% 28.8
43,44,44 43‐46 44.5 |||| 4 0.16 16% 57.6
46,47,47 46‐49 47.5 |||| || 7 0.28 28% 100.8
49,50,45 49‐52 50.5 |||| 5 0.2 20% 72
52,53,46 52‐55 53.5 |||| | 6 0.24 24% 86.4
55,56,57 55‐58 56.5 | 1 0.04 4% 14.4
25 1 100% 360

Frequency histogram Percent Histogram

- :‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺗﻲ‬

Class Frequency Class limit Acumulative frequency

Less than 40 0 Less than 40 0
40‐43 2 40‐43 0+2=2
44‐46 4 40‐46 0+2+4=6
47‐49 7 40‐49 0+2+4+7=13
50‐52 5 40‐52 0+2+4+7+5=18
53‐55 6 40‐55 0+2+4+7+5+6=24
56‐58 1 40‐58 0+2+4+7+5+6+1=25
25
 Polygon
30

25
Cumulative Frequency

20

15

10

0
40 43 46 49 52 55 58

Percentage of the days is the number of computer keyboards more than 53

.(56‫ﻭ‬54) ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ‬53 ‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑 2

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 ∗ 100 ∗ 100 8%
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 25

Single Value Data:

2) Example Three:
The following data give the number of computer courses taken by 30 business major who
recently graduated from a university
2 3 2 3 1 4 2 2 3 4
1 2 3 1 1 3 2 2 4 2
1 2 3 1 1 3 2 2 4 1
A. Prepare a frequency distribution table for these data acting single valued data.
B. Compute the relative frequency and percentage distribution for all categories.
C. Draw a bar graph for the relative frequency distribution.
D. What percentage of these graduates took 2 or 3 computer courses?
 SOLUTION

. ‫( ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻁﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬Single Valued Data) ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬

Frequency distribution & relative frequency and percentage distribution

Items Tally frequency Relative frequency Percentage

1 |||| ||| 8 0.267 27%
2 |||| |||| | 11 0.367 37%
3 |||| || 7 0.233 23%
4 |||| 4 0.133 13%
30 1 100%

Relative frequency bar graph

Relative frequency Par graph

0.400
0.350
Relative frequency

0.300
0.250
0.200
0.150
0.100
0.050
0.000
1 2 3 4
item

Percentage of graduates took 2 or 3 computer courses

Percentage=Percentage of (2) + Percentage of (3) = 37+23=60%
‫‪Stem-and-Leaf Displays‬‬

‫)‪3‬‬ ‫‪Example Four:‬‬

‫‪The following are the scores of 30 college students on a statistics test.‬‬
‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬ ‫‪93‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬
‫‪69‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬ ‫‪76‬‬ ‫‪86‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪92‬‬
‫‪83‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪77‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪92‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪98‬‬

‫‪Construct a Stem-and-Leaf display.‬‬

‫‪SOLUTION‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻭﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪52‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪98‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺴﺎﻕ ﻭﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻻّﺣﺎﺩ ﻛﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬

 ‫‪Dottplots Display‬‬
‫‪4) Example Five:‬‬
‫‪A statistics class that meets once a week at night from 7:00 PM to 9:45 PM has 33 students. The‬‬
‫‪following data give the ages (in years) of these students. Create a dotplot for these data.‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫‪SOLUTION‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ً ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻭﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﺳﻢ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ 49‬ﻭﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻫﻮ ‪.19‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻠﻮ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬