CHEM 120.

1 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

LABORATORY REPORT

Name: Jamaica Canales Date Submitted: February 22, 2021

Lab Schedule: Tuesday (10:00 – 1:00) Date Performed: February 20, 2021
Experiment No. 8
Hydrocarbons

I. OBJECTIVES: To differentiate the types of hydrocarbons and to identify the characteristic chemical tests for each of
hydrocarbons.

Results Inference

A. Ignition Test Most hydrocarbons burn over a

Samples Chem. Formula Description of Observation during flame because carbon and hydrogen react
sample Ignition test
with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and
Cyclohexane C6H12 Colorless with a Produced luminous flame water. The ignition test was performed in
sweetish odor and no soot
essence that high carbon to hydrogen ratio
Clear with a Produced yellow –
Cyclohexene C6H10 orange flame and equates to high luminosity. A high degree
pungent odor
minimal amount of soot
of luminosity accounts for the luminous
Transparent with
Benzene C6H6 Produced luminous yellow
flame, an orange flame that may produce
gasoline-like odor –orange flame and soot
soot. Aromatic compounds, such as
Toluene C7H8 Colorless with Produced luminous yellow
aromatic odor benzene and toluene burn with sooty flame
–orange flame and soot
due to incomplete combustion, causing an
unburned carbon formation. Complete
combustion is indicated by a non-luminous
flame which is a blue flame. It produces
more heat than light; hence the carbon is
entirely oxidized. None of the samples
made a blue flame.

B. Reaction with Bromine in CCl4

Samples Wrapped Test w/ Unwrapped Test w/
test tube litmus test tube litmus

Cyclohexane
Cyclohexene
Benzene
Toluene
Acetylene
C. Reaction with Potassium Permanganate Baeyer’s test results indicate that
Samples Observation cyclohexene and acetylene are positive for
No formation of brown active unsaturation, confirming that they
Cyclohexane suspension
contain a double bond in their chemical
Formation of brown structure. Cyclohexene and acetylene
Cyclohexene
suspension decolorized the purple solution then
formed a brown precipitate. The addition of
Benzene No formation of brown
suspension the KmnO4 solution caused Mn7+ to be
reduced to Mn4+ in a redox reaction.
Toluene No formation of brown
suspension Alkenes react with potassium
permanganate (KMnO4) to give a diol and
Acetylene Formation of brown MnO2, while Aromatic compounds do not
suspension
react because of their stability.

D. Reaction with Ammoniacal AgNO3

Since ammoniacal silver nitrate
Samples Observation serves as a test to determine the presence
of a triple bond (alkyne), all the test in the
Cyclohexane No silver acetylide precipitate samples produced a negative result except
produced
Acetylene.
Cyclohexene No silver acetylide precipitate
produced
No silver acetylide precipitate
Benzene
produced
No silver acetylide precipitate
Toluene
produced

Produced silver acetylide

Acetylene precipitate