Report Monowheel 2022-23 May...

Design and Development of Electric Power
Monowheel Scooter
Project Team
SL.NO REG.NO STUDENT NAMES
1 19ETME005307 MAHESH I
2 19ETME005316 LOKESH K C
3 19ETME005317 NARASIMHAMURTHY C
4 19ETME005320 MANOJ S C
5 19ETME005321 AKASH N
Supervisors: 1. Prof. Naveen Kumar K H

2. Prof. Arun R
October– 2022-23
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
M. S. RAMAIAH UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES
Bengaluru -560 054
DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page i

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Certificate
This is to certify that the Project titled “Design and Development of an
electric powered mono wheel scooter” is a bonafidework carried out in the
Department of Mechanical Engineering by Mr.Mahesh I,Mr.Lokesh K C,
Mr.Narsimhamurthy C, Mr.Manoj S C, Mr.Akash N bearing Reg. No.
19ETME005307, 19ETME005316, 19ETME005317, 19ETME0020,
19ETME005321 in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of
B.Tech. Degree in Mechanical Engineering of M.S. Ramaiah University of
Applied Sciences.
October – 2022-23
Supervisors
Head – Dept. of MME Dean-FET

M.S. Ramaiah University Of Applied Science – Faculty Of Engineering Of Technology (FET)
Declaration
Design and Development of an Electric Powered mono wheel scooter
The project work is submitted in partial fulfilment of academic requirements for the
award of B. Tech. Degree in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the Faculty
of Engineering and Technology of M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences. The
project report submitted herewith is a result of our own work and in conformance to the
guidelines on plagiarism as laid out in the University Student Handbook. All sections of
the text and results which have been obtained from other sources are fully referenced.
We understand that cheating and plagiarism constitute a breach of University
regulations, hence this project report has been passed through plagiarism check and the
report has been submitted to the supervisor.
Sl. No. Reg. No. Student Name Signature

1 19ETME005307 MAHESH I
2 19ETME005316 LOKESH K C
3 19ETME005317 NARASIMHAMURTHY C
4 19ETME005320 MANOJ S C
5 19ETME005321 AKASH N
Date : 26 /03/ 2023

Acknowledgements
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompanies the successful completion of any
task would not be complete without the mention of the people who made it possible.
Many are responsible for the knowledge and experience we have gained during the
development of this project and throughout the course.
We avail this opportunity to express our gratitude to Prof. Naveen kumar K H
and Prof. Arun R, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RUAS, for their continued
support innovative and enlightening ideas lacking which the project would probably
never have come out in its present form.
We would like to thank Dr.B S Dayananda, HOD, Department of Mechanical
Engineering MSRUAS, for his encouragement, guidance, and support.
We would like to express our thanks and gratitude to, Dean-FET RUAS for giving
us the opportunity to study this course and for his continuous Support, advice, guidance,
and encouragement throughout the completion of project.
We extend our most sincere thanks to all Teaching and Non-Teaching staff RUAS
of for their continual support and co-operation.
Lastly, we would like to thank our friends for extending their kind co-operation
and encouragement throughout which helped us in the successful completion of this
project.
DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page ii

Table of Contents
Certificate ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…(ii)
Declaration………………………………………………………………………….……...................................(iii)
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………..………………………………….….(iv)
Summary …………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………....…(v)
Table of Contents………………………………………….……………………………………………………..……..(vi)
List of Tables……………………………………………….………………………………………………………..…….(x)
List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………(xi)
Chapter-1: Introduction………………………………………………………..…………..…………………………01
1.1 Scope of work…………………………………………………………………………………………....02
Chapter-2: Background Theory.........................................................................................4
2.1 Background Theory.........................................................................................4
2.2 Field Survey.....................................................................................................4
2.3 Literature review............................................................................................5
2.4 summary of literature review.........................................................................9
Chapter-3:Aim and Objectives.........................................................................................10
3.1 Title of the Project..........................................................................................10
3.2 Aim of the Project...........................................................................................10
3.3 Objectives of the Project................................................................................10
3.4 Methods and Methodology............................................................................11
Chapter-4: Problem Solving..............................................................................................12
4.1 Overview of concepts..............................................................................................12
4.1.2 Brushless DC Motor......................................................................................12
4.1.3 Gyroscope.....................................................................................................16
4.1.4 Battery..........................................................................................................17
4.2 Detailed design of electric powered mono wheel.................................................20
DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page iii

Chapter-5: Results..........................................................................................................29
Chapter-6: Project Costing.............................................................................................30
6.1.2 Motor......................................................................................................30
6.1.3 Gyroscope...............................................................................................30
6.1.4 Tyre.........................................................................................................30
6.1.5 Sheet Metal............................................................................................30
6.2 Miscellaneous.....................................................................................................31
Chapter-7: Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Work............................................32
7.1 Conclusions..................................................................................................32
7.2 Future work..................................................................................................33
References
DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page iv

List of Tables
Table 1.1 Literature Review…………………………………………………………………………………10

Table 2.1 cost estimation table……………….……………………………………………………..……14
DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page v

List of Figures
________________________________________________________________________
Figure 1.1 Powered Monowheel In 1869………………………………………………….…..1

Figure 1.2 Update & Upgrade Monowheel In 2022…………………………………………….1
Figure 1.3 Side View Of Unicycle…………………………………………………………………………2
Figure 1.4 Isometric View Of Unicycle………………………………………………………...........2
Figure 4.1.2 Electric Motor……………………………………………………………………………………20
Figure 4.2.2 Axe…………………………………………………………………………………………………….20
Figure 4.2.3 Doom & Mud Guard…………………………………………………………………………..21
Figure 4.2.4 Front Body………………………………………………………………………………………….21
Figure 4.2.5 Lamp…………………………………………………………………………………………………22
Figure 4.2.6 Handle Bar………………………………………………………………………………………..22
Figure 4.2.7 Supporting Frame…………………………………………………………….……………….26
Figure 4.2.8 Tyre…………………………………………………………………………………..………………26
Figure 4.2.9 Frount View…………………………………………………………………………..………….27
Figure 4.2.10 Top View…………………………………………………………………………………………..27
Figure 4.2.11 Isometric View………………………………………………………………………………….28
Figure4.2.12 Expanded View ..........................................................................................28
Figure 5.1 Frame Fabrication …………………………………………………………………………………..33
Figure 5.2 Sheet Metal & Wood Cutting …………………………………………………………………..33
Figure 5.3 Wheel Fixing To chasis Frame ………………………………………………………………….34
Figure 5.4 Fabrication of battery box and Gyroscope holder………………………………….….35
Figure 5.5 Painting ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…..36
Figure 5.6 Views of Assembled Nono Wheel Electric Scooter…………………………………..36
DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page vi

1.Introduction
The unicycle is a one wheel bike that needs the rider to balance it without falling
down. It usually can be seen at the circus show where the clown riding them in a
dangerous form to entertain the audiences. The rider needs to find the centre of gravity
by balancing their body and also controlling the pedal. The bike could fall in four
directions which are left, right, forward and back. It means that the rider have to balance
the bike from falling down by balancing all directions. In the modern era, the unicycle
has advances to more sophisticated design. The movement of the bike is control by
using a DC motor.
F1.1Powered Monowheel In 1869 F1.2 Update& Upgrade Monowheel In 2022

The balance of the bike is controlled by the sensors called gyro meter and
accelerometer. This will prevent the bike from falling forward and backward.
Meanwhile, the left and right are control by the rider inertias. However, in building the
electric vehicle the stability issue needs to be considered and measured accurately. As it
is one wheel the speed of the motor also needs to be controlled properly to get the
stability. The inertial measurement unit consists of three different sensors that soldered
together on one board. The three sensors are accelerometer, the gyroscope and the
magnetometer. The accelerometer is used to measure the change of velocity at a time
DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 1

F1.3 The Side View Of Unicycle F1.4 The Isometric View Of Unicycle
It is hard to control the stability of the bike since it depends on motor instead of the
rider's pedal force to create the movement. The design considers the rider’s
comfortable. It comes with cushion seat, the handle for grip, the foot rest, speedometer
and the front light for night travelling. So, there will be a large space for the battery to
power the motor and for other electronics devices. The design also needs to be
validating with the weight of the unicycle that reach about 25kg.Both accelerometer and
gyroscope must work together to balance the unicycle. This is because with
accelerometer alone, there is much noise produces although when the object is at rest
mode and accelerometer cannot differentiate between the acceleration caused by the
movement or the gravity. So the tilt angle could not be defined well because of these
noises. If the gyroscope is used alone, there will be drift phenomenon occurs. The drift
phenomenon is an error that the object is producing an output although the motor is
not moving. Thus, the object cannot stand still and it is hard to achieve the stability.
Electric scooters are an environmental friendly transportation medium that going to be
used by our future generation broadly. E-Scooters are green and economical which is a
crucial factor for social and economical development nowadays.
DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 2

1.1.1 Scope Of Work

A monowheel is the ideal means of contemporary transportation. This clean energy
source is especially appealing to ecologically minded people. Save yourself time and
stress during your work commute and simply do without the carIt is a fantastic means of
transport for short trips in the city. You can take your own scooter with you on public
transport and in your car. And you can also use shared scooters for short trips in the city.
Developing a one-wheeled electric vehicle which has features that can over-come all the
problems mentioned above since it has small longitudinal length and low carbon
footprint. Moreover, they are suitable for all age groups and do not require any
registration taxes. Most humans can learn to ride a bike without any problem because
humans are skilled to balancing laterally left to right and the gyroscopic effect of the
wheels makes it easy to stay up once on the move.
1.1.2 Motivation of work

Monowheels have always existed in one form or another since the 19th century. But
because of design problems, they didn’t gain popular acceptance as predicted by some
enthusiasts.Monowheels are often seen as more innovative and future-oriented over
inline skates or skateboards. As you become a more experienced rider, the addiction
factor only increases plus you get to enjoy fresh air as you travel. The
technologicaladvancements like self-balancing systems and powerful electric motors,
the monowheel has gone from a fringe curiosity to a legitimate means of transportation.
advancements in technology made it possible for monowheels to become stabler and
more manoeuvrable. Today, there are several variants of the monowheel that are
becoming more popular among the young and active city dwellers.

2. Background Theory.
2.1 Background Theory(or Theoretical basis) on ‘Project Topic’ should comprise of:
 Need to discuss related work at start to set scene

 Principles and Assumptions
 Understanding of key definitions and its implications
 Standard Formulae, units and relation between important parameters
 Merits, Demerits and Applicability
 Relative comparison with peripheral topics
 Need to discuss related work at end to demonstrate your originality
2.2 Field Survey

Interaction with employees from M/s TVS Motors service stations and showrooms
regarding technical requirements and specifications for an electric vehicle
• Points discussed during the interaction:
 Working principle of electric vehicle
 Critical To Quality (CTQ) aspects for an electric vehicle
 Construction and Structure of TVS iQube
Working principle of electric vehicle
 The battery sends the power to the motor through the wires
 The motors then produce a moment of the wheels and propel the scooter
forward
Critical To Quality (CTQ) aspects for an electric vehicle includes selection of
 Batteries
 Motor
 Gyroscope
Construction and Structure of TVS iQube
 TVS iQube is powered by a 4.4kW electric hub motor, which produces 140Nm of
peak torque at the wheel
 The rated power and torque stands at 3kW and 33Nm

2.3 Literature review




2.4 Summary of literature review

• Manjunatha G et.al.(2020) have presented a paper that has optimized the load
carrying capacity and battery power for an electric unicycle
• Akash gangumani et.al.(2020) have presented a paper in this focused on load
carrying capacity for an electric unicycle
• Rupesh H Patil et.al.(2019) have presented a paper that has been upgraded from
chain drive mechanism to BLDC electric motor for an electric mono-wheel
• Shatakshi Singh et.al.(2019) have presented a paper in this focused on the speed,
gyroscope and cost
• Sreevaram rufus nireekshankumar et.al.(2016) have presented a paper that has
optimized the sensors and the cost of electric mono wheel
• Bakhtiarramadan et.al.(2016) have presented a paper in this focused on
improving the structure and wheel for an electric mono wheel
• Ipsita Sengupta et.al.(2021) have presented a paper that has been reduced the
vehicle weight to 12.180kg for an electric mono wheeled vehicle
• Bhibhutibiswal et.al.(2021) have presented a paper that has optimized the safety
of rider, load carrying capacity and chassis frame for an electric mono wheel

3.Aim and Objectives
3.1 Title
 Design and development of an electric powered monowheel scooter
3.2 Aim
 To design and fabricate a low cost electric powered monowheel scooter
that facilitates reduced space consumption on roads
3.3 Objectives
 To carry out literature review on the design and construction of an

electric powered mono-wheel scooter
 To carry out the detailed designing of the mono wheel electric mono
wheel scooter
 To perform the FE analysis of the finalized concept analysis of the mono
wheel scooter
 To fabricate and demonstrate the working of electric mono wheel
scooter

Methods and Methodology/Approach to attain each objective
Objective Statement of the Method/ Methodology Resources Utilised

No. Objective
1 To carry out literature Referring to the journals, Books, journals, web

review on the design materials and the updates articles
and construction of an in news papers review is
electric powered made
mono-wheel scooter
2 To carry out the Referring to the different Journal papers, Free and
detailed designing models which is evolved hand sketching tools
specification of the from beginning stage to
mono wheel electric latest technology for
mono wheel scooter designing of mono wheel
vehicle
3 To perform the FE To perform finite element Using Ansys software
analysis of the analysis for the chassis,
finalized concept and using hand calculation
carryout stability and and Ansys software
analysis of the mono To find the center of
wheel scooter gravity (CG) for all the
components
4 To fabricate and To demonstrate the To demonstrate the

demonstrate the developed electric developed electric
working of electric powered mono wheeled powered mono wheeled
mono wheel scooter scooterTo analyze the scooterTo analyze the
result obtained result obtained

4. Problem Solving
4.1 Overview and concepts

By referring through different articles and websites, concepts can be majorly
differentiated to 3 concepts. So in this section the different concepts and their detailing
are explained
4.1.2 Brushless DC Motor
Fig4.2:- Brushless DC Motor

BLDC motor also consists of rotor position sensors that produce electrical signals
that indicate the current position of the rotor. The stator winding of the BLDC motor is
driven by an electronic drive which is a three-phase inverter.
The permanent magnet brushless DC motors use Hall sensors with 60 degrees of
electrical spacing. These sensors produce a logic 1 when exposed to the N-type of the
rotor and logic 0 otherwise.
In the BLDC motor,
 The fields produced by the stator and rotor remain stationary with respect to
each other.
 The driver circuit operates on a dc supply
 Speed = 380 Rpm

 Wheel size = 10 inch

 Efficiency = 85%
 Dimensions = 22*15*14 cm
 Motor cost = 12000 – 18000 Rs
To determine the RPM of the motor
Speed = 18 Km/hr
= 5 m/s
To determine the linear distance travelled

Linear distance travelled= D or 2 r
Now we have a diameter of 0.254
= 0.254
=0.797 m
To determine the RPM
N = 376.41 RPM
To achieve 18 Km/hr speed we need 376.41RPM motor, 376.41 RPM motor is not
available we can consider 380 RPM hub motor
Specification of motor are
Now
Gross Vehicle weight(GVW) = 100kg
Radius = 0.125 m
Acceleration = 4-5 sec
Top speed = 18 km/hr
Maximum incline angel(α) = 12o

To choose motor capable of producing enough torque to propel the vehicle, it is

necessary to determine the Total Tractive Effort (TTE) requirements of the vehicle,
TTE=RR+GR+FA
Where,
TTE=Total Tractive Effort (N),
RR= force necessary to overcome rolling resistance (N),
GR = force required to climb a grade (N),
FA = force required to accelerate to final velocity (N),
Step 1: To determine Rolling Resistance (RR) in Newton
Rolling Resistance (RR) is the force necessary to propel a vehicle over a particular
surface. The worst possible surface type to be encountered by the vehicle should be
factored into the equation,
Where,
RR = rolling resistance (N)
WW = weight on wheel (kg)
= Rolling friction co-efficient
To ConvertNewton into Watts
Step 2: To Determine Grade Resistance (GR) In Newton

Grade resistance (GR) is the amount of the force necessary to move vehicle up a
slop “Grade” This calculation must be made using the maximum angle of grade the
vehicle will be expected to climb in normal operation, to convert in incline angle (α) to
grade resistance.

Step 3: To Find Acceleration Force in Newton

Acceleration force (FA) is the force necessary to accelerate from a stop to maximum
speed in a desired time.
Now
Step 4: To Determine Total Tractive Effort,

The total tractive effort (TTE) is the sum of forces calculation in the step 1,2,and 3,
Step 5: To determine wheel torque,

To verify the vehicle will performed as designed in regards to tractive effort and
acceleration, it is necessity to calculate the require wheel torque based on tractive
effort,
Wheel Torque
Radius of Wheel

4.1.3 Gyroscope
Fig4.1.3 : MPU 6050 3 Axis Gyro & Amp Accelerometer

A gyroscope is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation
and angular velocity. It is a spinning wheel or disc in which the axis of rotation (spin axis)
is free to assume any orientation by itself When rotating, the orientation of this axis is
unaffected by tilting or rotation of the mounting, according to the conservation of
angular momentum.In electric powered mono-wheel vehicle mainly two types of
gyroscope were used.
Advantages Of Gyroscope
One advantage of using a gyroscope is that it can be usedto control the attitude
of something without havingany physical contact with it. This makes them ideal foruse in
space applications where there is no air resistanceand they can be used to stabilize
satellites and keep spacecraft pointing in the right direction. Another advantage is that
they have high accuracyand precision due to their design which eliminates most external
sources of error
Disadvantages Of Gyroscope
Gyroscopes can also be miniaturized which means they take up less space and
require less power than other types of sensors. A disadvantage of gyroscopes is that
they can be sensitive to vibration and mechanical shock which can cause errors in
readings. They also have relative stability meaning their accuracy degrades over time
unless recalibrated regularly.

4.1.4 Using Battery

Battery is the main part of any electric vehicle. By referring the journal papers we
got a clarity about which type of batteries is used in electric powered mono wheel,
lithium ion battery is most widely used for electric powered mono wheel.
A battery works on the oxidation and reduction reaction of an electrolyte with

metals. When two dissimilar metallic substances, called electrode, are placed in a
diluted electrolyte, oxidation and reduction reaction take place in the electrodes
respectively depending upon the electron affinity of the metal of the electrodes. As a
result of the oxidation reaction, one electrode gets negatively charged called cathode
and due to the reduction reaction, another electrode gets positively charged called
anode.
The cathode forms the negative terminal whereas anode forms the positive terminal
of a battery. To understand the basic principle of battery properly, first, we should have
some basic concept of electrolytes and electrons affinity. Actually, when two dissimilar
metals are immersed in an electrolyte, there will be a potential difference produced
between these metals.
• 60V and 10AH battery is used for our project

• Charge/discharge efficiency is 80-90%
• Self discharge rate is up to 0.35 to 2.5% per month depending on state of charge
• Cycle durability is 4000-1200 cycles
• Life of battery is of 3-5 years based on usage

F4.1 Lithium Ion Battery For Monowheel

Advantages
 High energy density
 Self-discharge
 Low maintenance
 Cell voltage
 Load characteristics
 No requirement for priming
 Variety of types available
Disadvantages
 Protection / battery management system required
 Ageing:
 Transportation
 Cosyt
 Developing technology

Battery calculation
• Battery pack for 25 Km travel at the speed of 18 Km/hr
• Speed = 18 Km/hr
• Current = 20 Amps
• Acceleration time = 5 sec
• Effective current = 20 1.05 =21 Amps
1. To determine power (Watts)
2. To determine travel factor
/hr
3. Power required to travel 25 Km= 1260 1.388

= 1748.88 Watts
4. Charge discharge efficiency of Li-ion battery is 85%
5. To determine battery capacity
=2057.50 Watts
From the above calculation it is cleared that the battery capacity should be 2057.50 W,
we can consider 2 kW lithium ion battery

4.2 Detailed Design And Analysis Of Electric Powered Mono-Wheel Scooter

4.2.1 Electric motor
4.2.2 Axel

4.2.3 Doom and mud guard
4.2.4 Front body

4.2.5 Lamp
4.2.6 Handle bar

Manual Calculation For Mild Steel Done In UTM (Universal

Testing Machine)
Length (L)= 710mm
Dia (D)= 20mm
Force(F) = 368.2N
Change in length = 4.160mm
Mass (m) = 0.167kg
Pmax ( Load at failure) = 1.00528*1011 N
Step 1:- to determine Area
Step 2:- To Determine Stress,
Step 3:- To Determine Strain,

Step 4:- To Determine Young’s Modulus,
Step 5 :- To Determine Density,
Hence, The Volume Is Unknow To Determine The Volume
Now
Step 6:- To Determine The Yield Strength,

4.2.7 Supporting Frame
4.2.8 Tyre

4.2.9 Front View
4.2.10 Top View

4.2.11 Isometric View
4.2.12 Expanded View

Analysis of Electric Powered Mono Wheel Scooter By Using Ansys Software
 centre of gravity

Stress

Strain

Deformation

Results
The following results have been obtained by considering the maximum speed of the
electric scooter at 18 km/hr
• The required speed of the motor is 376.41rpm
• The power required to the motor is 1841W
• The acceleration time is 4secs
• The required battery capacity is 2KW
• The sensor used for balancing is MPU-6050
• The maximum travel range of vehicle is 25km/charge

Chapter 5. Fabricate the individual components and assembling

them as per the design specification
F 5.1 Frame fabrication

Frame/chasis is the main component in the mono wheeled scooter. It is the
critical component in our project. All the components remaining are mounted on the
frame. As the project specification the frame of the machine is manufactured. For the
required specification, the frame material is been machined. In the figure, it showing the
cutting of the frame material and in the figure , its showing that the welding of the
frame material to get our project requirement.

F 5.2 Sheet metal and wood cutting

After the completion of frame, the support for the frame that is sheet metal parts is
been fabricated. Fabricated Sheet metal is been mounted on the frame with the help of
welding. After the assembly of sheet metal on frame the handle bar is been fabricated
and been placed on the body frame and the wooden plank has been cut for the seat.
F 5.3 Wheel fixing to chasis frame

For the Forward and Backward movement the wheel which is connected to the
hub motor is important in the project. After completion of the chasis frame part the
attaching of wheel to the chasis frame is done using nuts and bolts.

F 5.4 Fabrication of battery box and Gyroscope holder

After the complition of assembling the Body of the scooter the battery box is
fabricated and the gyroscope holder box is fabricated according to the CG of the design.

F 5.5 painting
After the fabrication the painting for the sheet metal body is done to avoid the
rusting of the metals and to give a aesthetic appearance the detailed painting is done.
F 5.6 views of assembled Mono wheel Electric Scooter

Chapter 6. Project Costing
6.1 Material Required

6.1.1.Battery
A lithium ion or li-ion battery is a collection of 1 or more electrochemical
cells based on conversion or intercalation lithium chemistries packaged.Battery is
the main part of an electric mono wheel vehicle. It can be recharged using mini-
alternator60V and 12AH battery is used for our project Charge/discharge
efficiency is 80-90%Self discharge rate is up to 0.35 to 2.5% per month depending
on state of chargeCycle durability is 4000-1200 cyclesLife of battery is of 3-5
years based on usage
6.1.2. Motor
There are two types of motor used in electric powered mono wheel
vehicleThe most widely used motor is Brushless DC (BLDC)motorBLDC motor is
also known as electronically commutated motor or synchronous DC
motorSeveral studies reveal that the BLDC motor is more suited to use as hub
motorConstruction of BLDC hub motor includes mainly the following parts.
 Rotor part with fixed permanent magnet on it
 Stator part with AC windings are wound
 Motor driven circuit
 Battery bank from which motor is supplied
6.1.3. Gyroscope
• MPU 6050 3 axis gyro & amp accelerometer OR
• WYTEC mini dragon-plus 2
6.1.4. Tyre
• The radius of tyre is 10 inch = 25.4centimeter

6.1.5. Sheet metal

• We need around 8-10 KG of sheet metal 1-2mm thickness which cost around
Rs60/KG
6.2 Miscellaneous
• Miscellaneous are Washer, Nuts, Bolts, Screw, Handlebar, Welding And Others
Sl.No Particulars Available in Number of Total Cost in Rs

market Parts
1 BATTERY YES 1 12000
2 BATTER CHARGER YES 1 2200
3 GYROSCOPE YES 1 2500
4 MOTOR YES 1 16000
5 SHEET METAL, YES --- 3500

MILD STEEL, HEAD
LIGHT, PAINT
6 MISCELLENIOUS YES --- 2000
Table 2 : Cost incurred for various parts
Total Cost Of Fabrication Parts Is 47000 Rs

7. Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Work
7.1 Conclusion
The self-balancing personal transporter has ability to carry a person to move from one
place to another within the large campus. The vehicle will balances itself by moving the
device in forward direction or backward direction base on the readings from sensors.
Thus the monowheel is much helpful in the large campuses like airports, universities,
space centers and in large industries etc. This system reduces the work of humans as
well as no pollution it provides ecofriendlyenvironment.It was designed and constructed
a mean of transport based on electric energy, easy to drive in urban zones to improve
the people viability, getting a speed of 25 km/h. It was chosen a lithium-ion battery to
present a great lifetime (60V), with a gyroscopic sensor respectively that sends the
signals to a Brushless electric motor of 240W. The electric unicycle doesn´t contaminate,
in an acoustic or atmospheric way, besides it doesn´t provoke vehicular traffic
congestion, being a great, novel and technological contribution. After the research
process in the mobility system, it is clear the width superiority in respect to efficiency, in
comparison to conventional means of transport.
7.2Future Work
• According to the research reviewed, many projects have been performed on
monowheel vehicle in our project, we are attempting to apply a design that is
suited for customers to balance and drive simply, as well as being
environmentally friendly and compact in size.
• Mono Wheel bike which is present in the day life comes with a Gyroscopic which
increases the manufacturing cost of the bike, where as we came up with an idea
which eliminates the Gyroscopic and reduce the cost of the bike
• In the future work, the load carrying capacity can be increase.
• Distance travelled can be maximize.
• Charging time can be improved

References
 “Akash Ganguwani, Himanshu Kashyop,KanchiJainm”. (july2020) “Design of
analysis of a Mono wheel Electric Bike”, International Journal of Advances in
Enginee ring &Management.pp 3-6
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Design and Development of Electric Power

Supervisors: 1. Prof. Naveen Kumar K H

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page i

Head – Dept. of MME Dean-FET

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page i

Design and Development of an Electric Powered mono wheel scooter

Sl. No. Reg. No. Student Name Signature

Date : 26 /03/ 2023

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page i

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page ii

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page iii

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page iv

Table 1.1 Literature Review…………………………………………………………………………………10

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page v

Figure 1.1 Powered Monowheel In 1869………………………………………………….…..1

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page vi

F1.1Powered Monowheel In 1869 F1.2 Update& Upgrade Monowheel In 2022

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 1

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 2

1.1.1 Scope Of Work

1.1.2 Motivation of work

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 3

 Need to discuss related work at start to set scene

2.2 Field Survey

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 4

2.3 Literature review

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 5

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 6

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 7

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 8

2.4 Summary of literature review

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 9

3.Aim and Objectives

 Design and development of an electric powered monowheel scooter

 To carry out literature review on the design and construction of an

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 10

Methods and Methodology/Approach to attain each objective

Objective Statement of the Method/ Methodology Resources Utilised

1 To carry out literature Referring to the journals, Books, journals, web

4 To fabricate and To demonstrate the To demonstrate the

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 11

4.1 Overview and concepts

Fig4.2:- Brushless DC Motor

In the BLDC motor,

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 12

 Wheel size = 10 inch

To determine the linear distance travelled

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 13

To choose motor capable of producing enough torque to propel the vehicle, it is

To ConvertNewton into Watts

Step 2: To Determine Grade Resistance (GR) In Newton

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 14

Step 3: To Find Acceleration Force in Newton

Step 4: To Determine Total Tractive Effort,

Step 5: To determine wheel torque,

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 15

Fig4.1.3 : MPU 6050 3 Axis Gyro & Amp Accelerometer

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 16

4.1.4 Using Battery

A battery works on the oxidation and reduction reaction of an electrolyte with

• 60V and 10AH battery is used for our project

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 17

F4.1 Lithium Ion Battery For Monowheel

DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWERED MONOWHEEL SCOOTER Page 18