LESSON GUIDE

ROOF PLAN

Roof
It is the external upper covering of a house or building. It shows the size,
shape and the type of materials that should be used in the roofing system.

Types of Roofs
There are different types of roofing system that are commonly used in the building
construction. The following are:
Basic types of roofs:
There are different types of roofing system that are commonly used in the
building construction. The following are:
Gable – most common, built with “common” rafters
Hip – provides overhang on all four sides
Gambrel – provides more space on the second floor
Mansard – combination of Hip and Gambrel
Shed – frequently used to attach one structure to another

1. Gable Roof has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends. This type of
roof is used extensively on Philippines bahay kubo and raw houses in subdivision. The
pitch or angle of a gable roof varies from the high pitch roofs found on chalet A-frame
style buildings to the low pitch roofs found on most ranch homes.

2. Hip Roofs - are used when eave-line protection is desired around the entire
perimeter of the building. Hip roofs are very popular in warm climates. They are
commonly used on Regency and French Provincial homes.
3. Flat Roofs- are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes. Slightly
heavier rafters are needed for flat roofs. Built-up asphalt construction is often
used on flat roofs.

4. Shed-Type Roofs- are higher at one end than the other. They may be used
effectively when two levels exist where additional light is needed.

5. Overhang - is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side of the
building perpendicular to the rafter’s direction. It should provide additional
protection from the sun and rain.
Roof Plan

A roof plan is one showing the outline of the roof and the major object lines
indicating ridges, valleys, hips and openings. The roof plan is not a framing plan, but
a plan view of the roof. To develop a roof framing plan, a roof must be stripped of its
covering to expose the position of each structural member and each header. The roof
plan can be used as the basic outline for the roof framing plan. Below are
samples of blueprint drawings of roof plans, roof framing plan and other informative
drawings.

The roof plan indicates the following:

a. Roofing sheets are materials laid to cover the total area of roofing space
of the building.
b. Ridge roll is a plain G.I. sheet is usually laid at the center top of ridge of
the building.
c. Ridge cap is the material used when the roofing system is in the form of
hip roof.
d. Eaves line or gutter line is shown in the form of imaginary line to indicate
the gutter line.

SAMPLE ROOF PLAN

Different Types of Roofing Sheets:
1. Corrugated G.I Sheet
2. 4-V Corrugated Sheet
3. Ardex Corrugated Sheet
4. Kanalelas Corrugated Sheet.
5. Steel Bricks
6. Color bond Custom Orb

MILANO LONGSPAN STEEL BRICKS CORRUGATED METAL PANELS

Types of Roofing Sheets

Roof Framing Plans

The following are the types of roof frame and the important elements that you
must be familiar in the roof framing plan. Each of these elements can be better
understood as you go on to the discussion particularly in the presentation of sample
illustrations in the preceding pages.
Types of roof frame:
Rafter Type
Truss Type

Rafter Type
Common Rafter – extended at right angles from the plate or girts to the ridge.
Hip Rafter – laid diagonally from the corner of the plate or girts to the ridge.
Valley Rafter – placed diagonally from the plate or girts at the intersection of
gable extension with the main roof.
Jack Rafter –any rafter which does not extend from the plate or girts to the
ridge.
Hip Jack – framed between hip rafters and girts.
Valley Jack – framed between the ridge and valley rafter.
Cripple Jack – frame between the hip and the valley rafter.
Octagonal Rafter – placed on an octagonal shaped plate at the central apex
or ridge pole.
Truss Type

Truss Type
Is a built-up frame commonly employed on a long span roof unsupported by
intermediate columns and partitions
Is a design of a series of triangles used to distribute load, stiffen the structure
and flexibility for the interior spacing as well as strength and rigidity.