CESHOP1 - MIDTERMS REVIEWER

QUIZ 1

1. Republic Act. No. 6541 is also known as: An Act to Ordain and Institute a
National Building Code of the Philippines
2. Which section in the code defines that “Every dwelling shall be so constructed
and arranged as to provide adequate light and ventilation”? Section 805 to
Section 811
3. Who signed the National Building Code of the Philippines? President Ferdinand
Marcos
4. Minimum thickness of footing for Group A dwellings? 250 mm
5. When did the National Building Code of the Philippines take effect? April 30,
2005
6. Minimum second storey ceiling heights, measured from floor to ceiling, for
buildings more than one storey? 240 cm
7. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height not less than… 1.80 m
8. Storage and Hazardous is under which group occupancy category. Group G
9. The statement “The walls of such vertical enclosures shall be of not less than
two-hour fire-resistive construction, and all therein shall be protected by a fire
assembly having a three-hour fire-resistive rating”, falls under? Three-Hour
Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation
10. Exception for the Mixed Occupancy in the following condition.
- A one-storey building more than occupancy, each portion of the building
shall conform to the requirement of the particular occupancy houses.
- Minor accessory uses do not occupy more than 10% of the area of any
floor or a building.
- More than 10% of the basic area permitted in the occupancy requirement.

THE ALPHABET OF LINES

Visible Object Lines

- are thick dark solid (unbroken) lines that are used on drawings to indicate the
edges and details of an object.

Alphabet of Lines
- The different lines and line symbols used on drawings form a kind of graphic
alphabet commonly known as the alphabet of lines.
Types of Lines:
● Hidden Lines - are thin dashed lines used to indicate a surface, edge, or contour
of an object that cannot be seen, or is hidden from view.
● Center Lines - are thin lines made up of alternating long and short dashes. They
are used to indicate the center of symmetrical features, such as circles or arcs.
● Section Lines - are thin “cross hatching” lines used in sectional views to
symbolize different parts of an object or different materials from which an object
is manufactured.
● Dimension, Extension and Leader Lines - are thin lines used for dimensioning
purposes. Dimension and leader lines generally end with arrowheads and are
accompanied by a number indicating a size or location dimension.
● Cutting Plane or Viewing Plane Lines - are very thick lines that indicate where an
imaginary cutting plane passes through an object, for viewing or sectioning
purposes. Arrowheads on both ends of the line point toward the surface to be
viewed.
● Break Lines - are used to shorten a view, or to eliminate repetitive details when
an entire view is not necessary. Short break lines are thick wavy freehand lines.
Long break lines are thin straight zig-zags.
● Phantom Lines - are thin lines used to indicate alternate positions of moving
parts, lines of motion, adjacent parts and repetitive details.

SCALE DRAWINGS

What are Scale Drawings?

- Scale drawings are SIMILAR to the original.
- To say that two objects are SIMILAR means that they are identical in shape, but
not in size.
- In order for two shapes to be similar they must have the same angles and the
sides must be in the same ratio.
- All scale drawings must have a scale written on them.
- Scales are usually expressed as ratios.
- When you write a scale you must make sure that the units are the same.
 UNDERSTANDING ROOF SYSTEM

Basic Roof Anatomy

1. Rafters

- A Rafter is a diagonal Board. Rafters meet at the ridge board and are joined by
the ceiling joist.
- They are similar to trusses but trusses are pre-fabricated.
- Rafters are used in older houses while trusses are used in modern houses.
- The Soffit Vent allows air to flow through the roof.

2. Sheathing

- Usually takes the form of plywood.

3. Underlayment

- A roll of asphalt paper.

- Provides another layer of protection for the roof.

4. Shingles

- Located on top of the underlayment.

5. Flashing

- Channels water out of valleys.

ALL HOUSE FRAMING

● Level Base - Brick walls or concrete foundations.

● Mud Sill - The first framing member. It is where all the framing members above
rest on.
● Joists - Creates the floor structure of a house.
● Rim Joist / Band - The outermost Joist.
● Beams / Girders - Act as support for Joists.
● Columns / Posts - Vertical Support. Transfers load from beams to the
foundation.
● Subfloor - Sheets of plywood. Creates a stable surface on top of the joist.
Covers the whole perimeter of the floor plan.
● Walls - Built with studs.
● Studs - Lumber stood on the end to create vertical structure.
● Plate - A stud laid back on its back. Similar to a mud sill but not treated.
● Headers - Transfers weight. Creates a safe space for the doors and windows to
sit on.
● Blocking - Prevents studs from twisting. Prevents fire from traveling into the stud
bay.
● Staircases - Usually made from stringers. Vertical pieces are risers while
horizontal pieces are treads.
● Knee Wall - Short wall sections.
● Sheathing - Like a skin, it covers the whole framing system. Prevents the house
from falling over.
 TYPES OF ROOF

● Gable Roof – It is one of the most common types of roofs. It is basically

composed of two sections of roofs that meet along the ridge. Gable roofs
provides architectural design and at the same time gives more room for attic
space.
● Hip Roof – A hip roof is made up of four sides that meet along a ridge. It is
best to be used in windy, rainy and snowy areas because they slide off easily
and water does not get stocked in.
● Dutch Roof – The Dutch roof is basically a type of hip roof with a gable on top.
The gable gives more natural light to come into the interior of the house.
● Mansard Roof – It has a four-sided design with double slopes that can either
be flat or curved. The mansard roof maximizes the use of interior space.
● Flat Roof – Flat roofs appears to be flat but they are actually sloped or inclined
a little bit to allow flow of water. Flat roofs are mostly used in commercial
buildings such as malls and convenience stores.
● Shed Roof – The shed roof is mostly used in modern home designs. It is a
type of flat roof that looks like half of a gable.
● Butterfly Roof – The butterfly roof is unique in terms of aesthetics. The two
slopes of the roof that faces each other allows rainwater to be collected and
used for flushing of toilets, watering of plants, etc.
● Gambrel Roof – Gambrel roofs are mostly known as barn roofs. It has two
slopes, one of which steep and the other is gentle. This design provides more
attic space.
● Dormer Roof – The dormer roof has a penetration that extends from the
existing roof. The extension gives more usable space and lets more natural
light to come in.
● M Shaped Roof – The M shaped roof is composed of two gables. This stops
rain or snow build up during winter season.
 TYPES OF FOOTING

● Foundation - The lower portion of a building structure that transfers load to the
soil.
● Footing - Is the foundation constructed under the column.

Footing
● Shallow Foundation - For small and light buildings.
- Spread Footings / Open Footings
- If Soil has adequate bearing capacity at reasonable depth.
- 4 TYPES: Individual / Isolated Footing, Combined Footing,
Strip Footing, Raft Footing

● Deep Foundation - Low Bearing Capacity, Large Structures

- Pile Foundation, Cassions Foundation

Types of Shallow Foundation

1. Continuous Wall Footing/Strip Footing/Wall Footing

2. Isolated Footing
Types of Isolated Footing:

3. Combined Footing

Types of Combined Footing:

4. Raft Footing
Types of Deep Foundation
1. Pile Foundation

2. Cassions Foundation