Lab.2 MLT.

Department

Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total
number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a net positive or negative electrical charge. If it
has a positive charge, it’s known as a cation and if it has a negative charge it’s known as anion.

Reactions of cations:

A Cation is an ionic species with a positive charge.

Cations such as:

Name of cation and charge Symbol of Cation
Silver, +1 Ag+
Potassium, +1 K+
Copper, +2 Cu+2
Vanadium, +4 V4+

Cations form when an element or group of elements (compounds) lose one or more electrons

Silver Ag+

Properties of Silver ion Ag+:

 White, malleable and ductile metal.

 Insoluble in Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and dilute Hydrochloric acid HCl.


Dissolve in nitric acid (HNO3) and boiling concentrate (H2SO4).

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REACTIONS:

1. Reaction of Ag+ (Silver ion) use a solution of 5% Silver nitrate (AgNO3) with
Dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl)

White precipitate of Silver chloride AgCl.

5 drops AgNO3

5 drops HCl

The precipitate is:

 Insoluble in water (H2O) and in nitric acid.

 Soluble in dilute Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).

+ 2H2O

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2. Reaction of Silver nitrate (AgNO3) with Potassium chromate (K2CrO4)

Red precipitate of silver chromate (Ag2CrO4).

10 drops AgNO3

5 drops K2CrO4

The precipitate is:

 Insoluble in dilute acetic acid (CH3COOH).
 Soluble in dilute Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) and nitric acid (HNO3).

3. Reaction of Cu+2 (copper ion) use a solution of 5% copper sulfate (CuSO4)

5 drops CuSO4

10 drops NaOH

:The precipitate is
 Insoluble in water (H2O) and dilute Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).
 Soluble in nitric acid (HNO3).

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