12.

1 Statement of the Problem:

Generate baseband and carrier modulated digital signals using FSK at different data rates.
Verify
whether the data rate with constant pulse amplitude depends on the bandwidth of the modulated
wave or its power.

12.2 Literature Background:

FSK Modulation:
Frequency shift key (FSK) is a method of transmitting digital information using frequency changes to
represent the binary data. In FSK, there are two frequencies that represent the two binary digits 0 and 1
and the demodulator uses these two frequencies to reconstruct the original signal.

FSK Modulation

12.3 Procedure:
12.4 Analysis:
In this section, we will show all the graphs, tables, and MATLAB code.

MATLAB Code:
clc
clear all
close all
n=randi([0,1],1,5);
i=1;
t=0:0.01:length(n);
for j=1:length(t)
if t(j)<=i
y(j)=n(i);
else
y(j)=n(i);
i=i+1;
end
end
subplot(311)
plot(t,y,'k');
%carrier
f1=10;
f2=5;
y1=sin(2*pi*f1*t);
y2=sin(2*pi*f2*t);
for j=1:length(t)
if y(j)==1
z(j)=y1(j);
else
z(j)=y2(j);
end
end
subplot(312)
plot(t,z,'k');
%detection
for j=1:length(t)
if z(j)==y1(j)
k(j)=1;
else
k(j)=0;
end
end
subplot(313)
plot(t,k);
Graphs:

Figure 12.1.1: 1 bits/sec

Figure 12.1.2: 1 bits/sec

 Figure 12.1.3: 1 bits/sec

Table:

S.No Data Rate Power of Power of Bandwidth of Bandwidth of

(bits/sec) Baseband signal ASK Baseband Signal ASK Signal (Hz)
Signal (Hz)
1 1 1W 2.25 W 1 Hz 10 Hz
2 1 4W 3.04 W 1 Hz 10 Hz
3 1 3W 2.93 W 1 Hz 10 Hz
Table 12.1

12.5 Questions And Answers:

1. What will happen to the power of FSK signal (increasing or decreasing) with the increase
of pulse rate? Give mathematical reasoning.
The power of FSK signal is directly related to the frequency of the pulses. As the pulse rate increases,
the frequency of the pulses also increases. This increase in frequency results in an increase in the
power of the FSK signal. Mathematically;
P=kf^2

2. What will happen to the bandwidth of FSK signal (increasing or decreasing) with the
increase of pulse rate? Give mathematical reasoning.
The bandwidth of an FSK signal is directly proportional to the pulse rate. This means that as the pulse
rate increases, the bandwidth of the FSK signal will also increase. Mathematically;
BW=2*pulse rate

3. In FSK, the mark and space frequencies depend on data rate. Justify it.
In FSK, the mark and space frequencies are chosen such that they are distinct from each other and can
be easily distinguished by a receiver. In order to transmit data over FSK channel, the data is first
divided into discrete units called symbols which are represented by specific mark and space
frequencies. The number of symbols per second is known as symbol rate or data rate and it determines
the bandwidth of the FSK signal. Therefore the mark and space frequencies in FSK depend on data rate
because they are chosen to allow the receiver to correctly identify the symbols being transmitted at the
given data rate.

12.6 Conclusion:
From this lab, I conclude that;
 Power of FSK signal is directly proportional to pulse rate. If we increase pulse rate, power of
the FSK signal will also increase and vice versa.
 Bandwidth of FSK signal is directly proportional to pulse rate. If we increase pulse rate,
bandwidth of the FSK signal will also increase and vice versa.