Q1.

A 3-m-diameter tank is initially filled with water 2 m above the center of a sharp-
edged 10-cm-diameter orifice. The tank water surface is open to the atmosphere, and
the orifice drains to the atmosphere through a 100-m-long pipe. The friction
coefficient of the pipe is taken to be 0.015 and the effect of the kinetic energy
correction factor can be neglected. Determine (a) the initial velocity from the tank and
(b) the time required to empty the tank.

Q2. An incompressible, inviscid fluid flows into a horizontal round tube through its
porous wall. The tube is closed at the left end and the flow discharges from the tube to
the atmosphere at the right end. For simplicity, consider the x-component of velocity
in the tube uniform across any cross section. The density of the fluid is ρ, the tube
diameter and length are D and L, respectively, and the uniform inflow velocity is v0.
The flow is steady. Obtain an algebraic expression for the x-component of acceleration
of a fluid particle located at position x, in terms of v0, x, and D. Find an expression for
the pressure gradient, ∂ p/∂ x , at position x. Integrate to obtain an expression for the
gage pressure at x=0.

Q3. Air enters a 10-m-long section of a rectangular duct of cross section 15 cm x 20

cm made of commercial steel at 1 atm and 35 0C at an average velocity of 7 m/s.
Disregarding the entrance effects, determine the fan power needed to overcome the
pressure losses in this section of the duct.

Q4. Water at 150C flows from the basement to the second floor through 0.019 m
diameter copper pipe, see figure, at a rate of 0.00075 m 3s and exits through a faucet of
diameter 1.3 cm as shown. Find pressure at point 1 if (a) all losses are neglected, (b)
only major losses are considered, (c) all losses are considered.
Q5. The fan shown in Figure, is to provide airflow through the spray booth and fume
hood so that the workers are protected from harmful vapors and aerosols while mixing
chemical within the hood. For proper operation of the hood, the flowrate is to be
between 0.2 m3/s and 0.4 m3/s. With the initial setup the flowrate is 0.3 m 3/s, the loss
coefficient for the system is 5, and the
duct is short enough so that major
losses are negligible. It is proposed
that when the factory is remodelled
the 20 cm diameter galvanised iron
duct will be 30.5 m long and total loss
coefficient will be 10. Determine if
the flowrate will be within the
required 0.2 m3/s and 0.4 m3/s after
the proposed modelling. Assume the
head added by the fan remains
constant.