Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and

computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far different
from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes, offices, and schools.
When used wisely, technology and media can support learning children’s relationships both with
adults and their peers.

Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important time to apply
principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge technologies and
new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers to digital and analog
materials, including software programs, applications (apps), some children’s television
programming, e-books, the Internet, and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and
creative use by young children and to encourage social engagement with other children and adults.

When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood programs is
built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood professionals are aware of both
the challenges and the opportunities, educators are positioned to improve program quality by
intentionally leveraging the potential of technology and media for the benefit of every child.

This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of technology
and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young children’s development.
In this statement, the definition of technology tools encompasses a broad range of digital devices
such as computers, tablets, multi-touch screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras,
audio recorders, electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used
such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast

television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it demonstrated
the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of
child development.

1. The author would apparently agree on the idea that ….

A. digital media can harm learning and relationships
B. technology provides children with enjoyable experiences
C. technology may bring more good than harm when it is used wisely
D. technology can influence the relationships between children and their friends
E. technology minimizes the potential for children’s learning and engagement with others

2. The author holds the assumption that ….

A. any forms of content designed to facilitate creative children to learn will challenge them
B. interactive media are any kind of media that include hardware and artifacts of education
C. the integration of technology and interactive media in childhood programs leads to
improved program quality
D. applying principles of development and learning of children is secondary in the use of the
interactive media
E. technology and media can be used to facilitate learning and establish better relationships
with other children and adults

Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of August to
September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million total COVID-19 cases.
Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations, including by Swedish climate activist Greta
Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on August 17 gave the government the green light to keep the
original schedule for the engineer and medical colleges entrance exams.
 The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called, are India’s
most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation courses generating
millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice Ashok Bhushan said that “the
career of the students cannot be put on peril for long, and a full academic year cannot be wasted.”
The court will not hear any further petitions regarding postponing future exam dates.

According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the first
of the JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed for the NEET exam.
Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE (the JEE Advanced), which will take
place on September 27. Protests against the exam date have dwindled since the Supreme Court
decision.

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Indian students were reluctant to join university preparation courses.
B. Indian students were forced to sit the JEE and the NEET exam.
C. The JEE and the NEET are annually held by the Supreme Court.
D. The Supreme Court considered the pleas from society.
E. The university entrance tests were finally rescheduled.

4. Which statement is CORRECT based on the passage above?

A. The first stage of the JEE Advanced was held after September 27.
B. The exams may be postponed due to the protests against the exam date.
C. NEET is an entrance university test for both medical and engineering colleges.
D. Justice Ashok Bhushan wasn’t concerned about students’ academic and future careers.
E. Many Indians demanded rescheduling the exams because of the high rate of COVID-19
cases.

5. The author’s attitude towards the civils’ protest regarding the exam schedule is ….
A. critical
B. positive
C. objective
D. subjective
E. informative

A doctor in pediatric respiratory medicine reported that with the rising popularity of vaping,
the hospitals are treating many life-threatening cases. The doctor is concerned that e-cigarettes are
advertised in the UK, given the severe reaction they can cause in children and a lack of scientific
studies on their safety.

E-cigarettes are promoted in the UK as a way to quit smoking because they let people
inhale nicotine in vapour rather than breathing in smoke. The Director of Public Health England
said vaping is 95% safer than smoking but is not without risks. He asserted that smoking kills half
of lifelong smokers and accounts for almost 220 deaths in England every day. While it is not
completely risk free, UK regulated e-cigarettes carry a fraction of the risk of smoked tobacco.

This is supported by Dr. Hopkinson, the Medical Director of the British Lung Foundation.
He stated that if people switch completely from smoking to vaping, they will substantially reduce
their health risk as e-cigarettes do not contain tobacco and any harmful components are present at
a much lower level. He advises people who switch to vaping to try to quit vaping in the long term
too but not at the expense or relapsing to smoking.

But there are arguments about how safe vaping really is. The World Health Organization
says e-cigarettes are undoubtedly harmful and should therefore be subject to regulation. It also
raises concerns about vaping being aggressively marketed at young people. It is also concerned
about the possibility of e-smoking leading to the renormalization of smoking.

A researcher studying the effects of vaping said the findings show that vaping is not safe,
especially for the lungs or young people. He believes that it is dangerous to announce that e-
cigarettes are much safer than tobacco. In conclusion, the best advice that can be given is: “if you
smoke, switch to vaping; if you don’t smoke, don’t vape.”

6. The paragraph preceding the passage most likely concerns…

A. A severe lung disease triggered by vaping that nearly caused the death of a young patient
B. Statistics on diseases that inflict young people who are smoking e-cigarettes
C. Pediatric respiratory medicine and its role in keeping young people healthy
D. A national campaign to ban vaping and e-cigarettes among students
E. The growing popularity of vaping and e-cigarettes

(The story by Oiwan Lam originally appeared on Global Voices, on December 2, 2020)
Over a dozen journalists resigned on December 1 from Hong Kong Cable Television Limited, a
major subscription-based TV station in Hong Kong, in protest after the media company fired 40
editorial staff in what is perceived as a political crackdown. Those laid off include the head of the
China desk and the entire team of the award-winning News Lancet program. The broadcaster cited
financial reasons for the layoff, a claim the newsroom staff rebukes. The entire China desk, a total
of 12 people, has since resigned in protest, along with the heads of the international and finance
desks and the newsroom’s chief assignment editor.

The layoffs were sudden and took immediate effect — those who were sacked were told to
leave the office on the same day. In shock, members of staff gathered outside the room of the news
director demanding an explanation. Among those laid off is Wong Lai-ping, former deputy news
editor at the China desk. On a radio interview aired on December 2, she rebuked the management’s
claim that the decision was made out of financial difficulties, remarking that in August, the
management fired the then-executive director Fung Tak-hung and replaced him with four new
managers. Wong said that the new management often made editorial requests, such as live
broadcasts of China’s foreign minister’s regular press conference, or modifying headlines.
According to Wong, the newsroom staff refused to comply with such requests.

The Hong Kong Journalists Association commented on the layoffs, “Given the [New
Lancet] team’s coverage of the police and administration, it’s difficult not to see this as minimizing
sensitive reporting in the name of cost-cutting”.

7. Based on the text, the trigger of this resignation en masse is the belief that ….
A. the previous layoffs were politically motivated
B. financial reasons affected the layoffs the most
C. the journalists could demand for higher salary
D. political crackdown barely prompted the layoffs
E. the management’s disapproved of staffs’ refusal of demands

“…, she rebuked the management’s claim that the decision was made out of financial difficulties,
remarking that in August, the management fired the then-executive director Fung Tak-hung and
replaced him with four new managers.” (Paragraph 2).

8. Dealing with the issue discussed in the text, the statement above may lead the readers to
the assumption that …
A. The management’s claim should have been accepted by all parties.
B. The decision to fire Fung Tak-hung was taken with well-consideration.
C. The director Fung Tak-hung was not as competent as four new managers.
D. There was an illogical situation to claim financial difficulties as the reason for the layoffs.
 E. The management tried to cover up their financial difficulties by cutting the number of
employees.

(The story by Sanjib Chaudhary originally appeared on Global Voices on August 8, 2020)
After news of the existence of a yellow turtle in India’s eastern state of Odisha went viral this past
July, Nepalis wanted to remind the world that they made a similar discovery first — on April 14,
2018, to be exact — when a rare, golden turtle — but a different species — was found for the first
time in southeastern Nepal’s Dhanushadham municipality. According to a research paper by
Kamal Devkota, Dev Narayan Mandal and Hinrich Kaiser, which was published in the journal
Herpetology Notes, the turtle was released into its natural habitat after pictures were taken as
proof.

A normal Indian flapshell turtle is greenish-grey in colour, with yellow marks on its head
and neck. It has a grey carapace dotted with dark yellow spots and derives its name from the
femoral flaps at the plastron, the ventral part of the shell. These turtles are found in Bangladesh,
India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, most typically in ditches, lakes, ponds, and paddy
fields with stagnant water. Omnivorous in nature, they eat anything from leaves and flowers to
snails, fish, and frogs. While a normal-coloured flapshell turtle can easily camouflage itself in the
murky, greenish water, its golden-coloured variant — a turtle with chromatic leucism — is easily
recognisable and therefore more vulnerable. Its luminous golden colour, in particular, makes it a
prized pet.

The congenital disorder of albinism creates a complete absence of pigmentation in the skin,
hair, and eyes due to the lack of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in the production of melanin.
Researchers estimate that albinism occurs once in every 10,000 mammal births. Leucism, on the
other hand, is an extremely rare genetic condition in which animals have reduced pigmentation.
Most leucistic animals have normal-coloured eyes, whereas those with albinism tend to have red
or pink eyes.

Nepal is home to 16 species of turtles, of which four are critically endangered: the three-
striped roofed turtle (Kachuga dhongoka), the red-crowned roofed turtle (Kachuga kachuga), the
Indian narrow-headed softshell turtle (Chitra indica), and the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo
elongata). Though turtles play an important role in reducing pollution by feeding on insects,
vegetation, and dead animals, factors like habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation have been
threatening their survival. According to “Turtles of Nepal – A Field Guide for Species Accounts
and Distribution,” the draining of wetlands for irrigation and fishing, the excessive use of
agrochemicals which eventually seep into waterways, and unsustainable fishing methods all
negatively impact turtle populations.

9. The third paragraph of the passage above mainly discusses ….

A. physical appearance of turtles
B. congenital disorders in sea-mammals
C. the difference between two congenital illnesses
D. albinism, leucism, and how to treat them
E. albinism and leucism as hazardous congenital disorders

10. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage above?
A. A quarter of all turtle species in Nepal are threatened with extinction.
B. Both Nepalis and Indians found new rare turtles at different times.
C. A turtle with chromatic leucism is insusceptible topredators.
D. Animals with albinism and leucism can bedistinguished.
E. Turtles can help humans to keep the environment healthy.
 Did you ride your bike to school when you were a kid? A generation ago most kids rode,
walked or caught the bus to school; very few of us were dropped by our parents at the school gate.
These days most of us have experienced the daily traffic jams around schools at drop-off and
picked-up times, as parents drive their children to the school gate. While there is a national data
on the number of children who walk or ride to school, a recent Victorian survey found nearly half
of children are driven to school every day.

Parents choose to drop their kids at school for a number of reasons—mostly do with safely
and convenience. But experts say chauffeuring your kids to school every day could mean they are
missing out on much—needed exercise and other life skills. Researchers suggest at least a third of
Australian children aged 9−16 years are not getting the amount of daily physical activity
recommended by national guidelines. But this is not because children’s participation in leisure of
sporting activities has dropped off, says Dr. Jan Garrad. Participation in these activities has not
altered much over the years, Garrad says but what has changed is the level of incidental activity
children do. “When you look at countries where children are just active as part of everyday life,
they do not have to be sporty. All they have to do is to get away around the way the community
gets around by walking and cycling, and they get enough physical activity,” she says.

11. The author develops some ideas in paragraph 2 by…

A. describing parents’ chauffeuring followed by its effects
B. explaining reasons for chauffeuring and their advantages
C. discussing the function of chauffeuring and the impacts
D. arguing for chauffeuring practice for children’ safety
E. exposing how parents chauffeur and its drawbacks

12. By writing the sentence ”... chauffeuring your kids to school every day could mean they
are missing out on much-needed exercise and other life skills.” (paragraph 2 lines 2-3); the
author implies that ....
A. taking kids to school makes them deprived individuals when they grow up
B. kids given lift to school likely lose vital social and physical advantages
C. schooling means not only learning in classes but also socializing with others
D. parents spoil their kids’ future social and physical life by giving them a lift
E. when a child needs physical and social training, parents should facilitate them

13. Dr. Garrard statement “... where children are just active as a part of everyday life, they do
not have to be sporty.” (paragraph 3 line 5) may be best restated that…
A. children who are active do not automatically mean they will be good sport
B. being muscular should not be the aim of children who are naturally active
C. children’ physical fitness is not closely related with their daily activities
D. activeness in children does not mean to make these children physically fit
E. when naturally active, children need no more scheduled sports activities

14. The part following the passage above most likely contains information on…
A. advice to parents for their children to have enough physical activities
B. the decreasing trend of children to do physical activities at their will
C. parental motives behind chauffeuring their children to school
D. reason for children not to do fun and incidental activities
E. effects of having children not to be given a lift to school

15. This project is a huge construction project which needs the use of high technology; it is
therefore most likely that the government will have an established foreign company to do
the job. From the above sentence, we may conclude that…
A. The government seems to be incapable of doing the job.
B. The construction project should be completed within a short time.
C. There are not enough technicians to be involved in the project.
 D. The government may not have the necessary financial resources.
E. The project is performed based on a 40-60 share.

PEMBAHASAN

1. Pembahasan : Soal tersebut menanyakan kesimpulan tersirat penulis menurut teks tersebut.

Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penulis mengungkapkan tentang penggunaan teknologi yang jika
digunakan secara bijak, dapat membantu dan mengoptimalkan perkembangan anak. Dengan
demikian, kesimpulan tersirat yang tepat adalah teknologi membawa lebih banyak kebaikan
daripada kerugian jika digunakan secara bijak. Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah C.

2. Pembahasan: Soal tersebut menanyakan asumsi penulis.

Berdasarkan kalimat By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of this day—
broadcast television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it
demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in
principles of child development, dapat disimpulkan bahwa menggunakan teknologi dengan tepat
dan ditujukan untuk terhubung dengan setiap anak dengan orangtua dan keluarganya.
Dengan demikian, penulis berasumsi bahwa teknologi dan media dapat digunakan untuk
memfasilitasi pembelajaran dan menciptakan hubungan dengan anak-anak lain serta orang dewasa.
Oleh karena itu, pilihan E tepat.

3. Pembahasan: Soal menanyakan kesimpulan tersirat yang tepat berdasarkan informasi pada
teks tersebut.

Informasi pada ketiga paragraf tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sebenarnya mahasiswa

menginginkan jadwal ujian tersebut ditunda. Namun, pada akhirnya mereka tetap mengikutinya
karena pemerintah tidak bersedia menunda jadwal tersebut. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan
bahwa siswa di India mengikuti ujian JEE dan NEET dalam keadaan terpaksa sehingga pilihan
B tepat.

4. Pembahasan: Soal tersebut menanyakan pernyataan yang tepat berdasarkan teks.

Pilihan E (Banyak masyarakat India menuntut perubahan jadwal ujian karena tingginya tingkat
kasus COVID-19.) tepat. Paragraf pertama menyebutkan bahwa siswa India tetap mengikuti ujian
universitas ketika India sedang mengalami sejarah suram 5 juta kasus COVID-19. Terlepas
dari permintaan masyarakat untuk menunda ujian, Mahkamah Agung pada 17 Agustus
memutuskan untuk menjaga jadwal asli ujian masuk tersebut. “Sejarah suram 5 juta kasus COVID-
19” menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kasus COVID-19 yang sedang terjadi itu tinggi(high rate). Lalu,
“menunda ujian” maksudnya sama dengan “mengubah jadwal ujian yang telah ada”. Jadi, pilihan
jawaban yang tepat adalah E.

5. Pembahasan: Soal menanyakan sikap penulis mengenai protes masyarakat tentang jadwal
ujian yang dibahas pada teks.

Berdasarkan topik bahasan pada masing-masing paragraf, terlihat jelas bahwa penulis menyajikan
informasi mengenai protes yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dan sikap pemerintah terkait jadwal
ujian masuk universitas. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sikap penulis adalah informatif
sehingga pilihan E tepat.

6. Pembahasan : Paragraf 1 membahas tentang beberapa dampak buruk dari vaping dan rokok
elektrik; “A doctor in pediatric respiratory medicine reported that with the rising popularity of
vaping, the hospitals are treating many life-threatening cases” (seorang dokter pernapasan anak
melaporkan bahwa dengan naiknya popularitas vaping, rumah sakit kini menangani banyak kasus
yang mengancam jiwa); “… the severe reaction they can cause in children” (reaksi parah yang
dapat ditimbulkan pada anak-anak).

Opsi E (naiknya popularitas vaping dan rokok elektrik) adalah jawaban yang tepat. Topik ini
merupakan gagasan yang tepat untuk digunakan dalam paragraf yang mendahului paragraf 1 sesuai
konteks pembahasan di atas. Tepat

7. Pembahasan: Pada soal ini, kita harus menentukan pemikiran atau kepercayaan yang
menjadi pemicu/penyebab dari pengunduran diri massal (besar-besaran) para jurnalis tersebut.

Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut, kita dapat mengetahui bahwa pengunduran diri massal (lebih dari
12 orang) tersebut dipicu atas adanya PHK (Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja) atau layoffs terhadap 40
staf editorial. Mereka percaya bahwa tindakan tersebut sebenarnya bukan disebabkan oleh
kesulitan keuangan, tetapi adanya unsur politik. Dengan kata lain, mereka memiliki kepercayaan
bahwa PHK tersebut bermotif politik, maka pilihan A tepat.

8. Pembahasan: Pada soal ini, kita harus menentukan asumsi yang mungkin timbul dari
pernyataan tersebut.

Teks di atas menyampaikan sebuah berita mengenai pengunduran diri lebih dari 12 jurnalis sebagai
bentuk protes mereka terhadap pemecatan 40 staf editorial yang diklaim atas tindak lanjut
dari kesulitan keuangan yang dialami perusahaan tersebut. Namun, pernyataan yang terdapat
pada soal ini menyebutkan bahwa manajemen justru merekrut empat manajer baru setelah
memecat seorang direktur. Pernyataan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan tersebut terkesan
“masih memiliki cukup uang” karena mereka merekrut 4 orang manajer sekaligus padahal mereka
sebelumnya memecat satu orang dengan alasan kesulitan keuangan. Dengan demikian, asumsi
yang paling mungkin timbul dari pernyataan tersebut adalah (D) “Terdapat situasi tidak logis untuk
mengklaim kesulitan keuangan sebagai alasan dari layoffs atau PHK.”. Jadi, pilihan jawaban
yang tepat adalah D.

9. Pembahasan: Penggunaan “on the other hand” (di sisi lain) dan “whereas” (sedangkan) pada
paragraf 3 menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara albinisme dan leukisme yang ingin
ditonjolkan penulis pada paragraf tersebut.

Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa paragraf ini membahas “the difference between two
congenital illnesses” yang artinya “perbedaan dua penyakit bawaan (albinisme dan leukisme).”
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah C.

10. Pembahasan: Soal menanyakan pernyataan yang tidak tepat berdasarkan teks.

Pilihan C (Seekor penyu dengan chromatic leucism tidak rentan menjadi mangsa) tidak
sesuai atau bertentangan dengan pernyataan “… its golden-coloured variant — a turtle with
chromatic leucism — is easily recognisable and therefore more vulnerable.” (… variannya yang
berwarna keemasan, penyu dengan chromatic leucism mudah dikenali dan karena itulah lebih
rentan/mudah diserang.). Keadaan mudah diserang ini menyiratkan bahwa penyu tersebut juga
akan mudah dijadikan mangsa oleh predator. Jadi, pernyataan yang tidak tepat adalah C.

11. Pembahasan: Menurut paragraf kedua dari bacaan di atas, para orangtua memilih untuk
menyetir dan mengantarkan langsung anak mereka ke sekolah karena berbagai alasan. Di
antaranya karena alasan keamanan dan kenyamanan. Namun, tanpa mereka sadari, dengan
selalu mengantarkan anak mereka ke sekolah membuat anak-anak kehilangan waktu untuk
bersosialisasi dan juga berolahraga di lingkungan sekitar; dan itulah yang menjadi
kelemahannya. Jadi, pernyataan yang tepat adalah E.
12. Pembahasan: Berdasarkan petikan kalimat tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa selain memiliki
sisi positif dari pihak orangtua, namun ternyata terdapat sisi yang negatif bagi para anak.
Diantar-jemput setiap hari ke sekolah membuat mereka kehilangan kesempatan untuk
bersosialisasi dengan lingkungan dan menggerakkan tubuh. Jadi, pernyataan yang tepat
adalah B.

13. Pembahasan: Pada kalimat di atas, dengan kata lain dapat dikatakan bahwa ketika anak-anak
sudah terbiasa untuk bergerak secara aktif, maka sesungguhnya mereka tidak perlu lagi
melakukan olahraga secara rutin. Karena dengan selalu bergerak setiap hari sama dengan
melakukan olahraga secara rutin. Berdasarkan pilihan jawaban diatas, maka jawaban yang
paling tepat untuk pertanyaan tersebut adalah pada pilihan E.

14. Pembahasan: Pada paragraf kedua dalam bacaan tersebut dikatakan bahwa orangtua memiliki
banyak motif atau alasan untuk mengantarkan sendiri anak mereka ke sekolah. Maka pilihan
jawaban yang paling tepat adalah pilihan jawaban C.

15. Pembahasan: Secara implicit (tersirat), dapat diambil kemungkinan terbesar bahwa akhirnya,
pemerintah memutuskan untuk menunjuk perusahaan asing untuk mengerjakan proyek
tersebut disebabkan pemerintah dirasa tidak mampu mengerjakan proyek yang menggunakan
teknologi tinggi. Jadi, jawaban yang paling memungkinkan, yaitu pilihan A.