Dr.

Panjabrao Deshmukh Nursing Institute, Amravati

LESSON
PLAN ON
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY :
DR. P RAIBORDE MR. SHUBHAM D MANWAR

HOD OF MSN M.Sc. Nsg 1st Year

Dr. P.D.N.I, Amt Dr. P.D.N.I, Amt

LESSON PLAN

NAME OF THE STUDENT TEACHER : Mr. Shubham D Manwar.

SUBJECT : Nursing Education

TOPIC : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BATCH : M.Sc. FIRST YEAR NURSING

DATE & TIME : 45 min

VENUE : GNM class room.

METHOD OF TEACHING : Lecture Method

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE : student have Basic knowledge about topic.

A.V. aids USED : LCD, Black board,

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: - At the end of lesson plan the student will be able to understand and gaining knowledge about COPD

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- AT the end of lesson plan the student will be able to :-

 To Define COPD.

 To Enlist the types of COPD.

 What are the causes of COPD.

 To Discuss the pathophysiology of COPD.

 To Explain the clinical manifestation of COPD.

 Write down the diagnostic evaluation for COPD.

 To Discuss the medical management for COPD.

 To List down the nursing diagnosis with intervention for COPD.

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1 Introduction 3min INTRODUCTION: Lecture cum PPT.

of COPD discussion
▶ CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASE (COPD)
▶ is an umbrella term used to describe chronic
lung diseases in which air flow is obstructed by
emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory
(irreversible) asthma, and severe
bronchiectasis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) is a common and treatable
disease characterized by progressive airflow
limitation and tissue destruction.
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2 Introduce the It is associated with structural lung changes due to Lecture cum PPT.
topic of chronic inflammation from prolonged exposure to discussion
COPD
noxious particles or gases most commonly cigarette
smoke. Chronic inflammation causes airway
narrowing and decreased lung . The disease often
presents with symptoms of cough, dyspnea, and
sputum production. Symptoms can range from being
asymptomatic to respiratory failure
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3 Define 2min DEFINETION : Lecture cum PPT. What the mean by

COPD discussion COPD

▶ Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

(COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe
chronic lung diseases in which air flow is
obstructed by emphysema, chronic bronchitis,
refractory (irreversible) asthma, and severe
bronchiectasis.
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4 Etiology of 5min ETIOLOGY: Lecture cum PPT. What is the

COPD discussion etiology of COPD.

▶ Cigarette Smoking
▶ Lungs Occupations Exposure Ambient
▶ Air-Pollution
▶ Family history Genetic abnormalities
Deficiency of alpha
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5 Classification CLASSIFICATIONS OF COPD: Lecture cum PPT. Explain the

of COPD discussion classification of
COPD
▶ There are two classifications of COPD:
▶ chronic bronchitis and
▶ emphysema.
▶ These two types of COPD can be sometimes
confusing because there are patients who have
overlapping signs and symptoms of these two
distinct disease processes.
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2min Chronic Bronchitis: Lecture cum PPT. What is mening

6 discussion by chronic
bronchitis.
▶ Chronic bronchitis is a disease of the airways
and is defined as the presence
of cough and sputum production for at least
3 months in each of 2 consecutive years.
▶ Chronic bronchitis is also termed as “blue
bloaters”.
▶ Pollutants or allergens irritate the airways and
leads to the production of sputum by the
mucus-secreting glands and goblet cells.
▶ A wide range of viral, bacterial, and
mycoplasmal infections can produce acute
episodes of bronchitis.
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7 Empyema 3min EMPHYSEMA: Lecture cum PPT. What is empyama

meaning discussion
▶ Pulmonary Emphysema is a pathologic term
that describes an abnormal distention of
airspaces beyond the terminal bronchioles and
destruction of the walls of the alveoli.
▶ People with emphysema are also called “pink
puffers”.
▶ There is impaired carbon dioxide and oxygen
exchange, and the exchange results from the
destruction of the walls of over distended
alveoli.
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9 Pathophysiology 5min Pathophysiology of COPD Lecture cum PPT. Explain the

of COPD discussion pathophysiology
Of COPD.
▶ is rather complex. In fact, it has not been
clearly understood yet. There are many
factors engaged in damage to lung tissue and
obstruction of the air ways. Chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a
mixture of 3 separate disease processes that
together form the complete clinical and
pathophysiological picture. These processes
are chronic bronchitis, emphysema and, to a
lesser extent, asthma. Progression of COPD
is characterized by the accumulation of
inflammatory mucous exudates in the lumens
of small airways and the thickening of their
walls
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11 Due to causes and risk factors of the COPD Lecture cum PPT.
discussion
Affects ciliary cleaning mechanism of respiratory tract
Airflow is obstructed & air becomes trapped behind
the obstruction

alveoli greatly distend & lung capacity decreased

Increased accumulation of the mucus from mucus
glands

Produce more irritation, infection

Damage to Lungs
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12 Clinical 5min CLINICAL MANIFESTATION: Lecture cum PPT. What are the sign
manifestation discussion and symptoms of
of COPD COPD
▶ Coughing (productive with sputum (phlegm)
▶ Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
▶ Frequent respiratory infections Production of
purulent (cloudy and discolored) sputum
▶ Chronic Coughing (productive with sputum
(phlegm)Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
▶ Frequent respiratory infections Production of
purulent (cloudy and discolored)
▶ Enlarged A.P. diameter of chest Acute &
▶ chronic respiratory failure
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13 ▶ Tolerance Tachypnea Lecture cum PPT.

Discussion
▶ sputum Prolonged expiration
▶ Pitting peripheral oedema
▶ Fatigue
▶ Wheezing
▶ Increased work of breathing
▶ Tightness in the chest Weight
▶ loss Respiratory insufficiency
Advanced COPD symptoms In advanced COPD
▶ They also may develop morning headaches due
to an inability to remove carbon dioxide from
the blood
▶ Weight loss occurs in some patients,
▶ patients may develop cyanosis (bluish
discoloration of the lips and nail beds) due to a
lack of oxygen in blood.
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15 Diagnostic 5min Diagnostic evaluation: Lecture cum PPT. What is the

evaluation of discussion diagnostic
COPD evaluation of
▶ Medical history and physical examination COPD
▶ Chest x ray or chest CT scan
▶ Pulmonary function tests
▶ Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
▶ Pulse Oximetry
▶ Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Level.
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16 Medical 5min Medical management: Lecture cum PPT. What is medical

management discussion management of
of COPD COPD.
▶ There’s no cure, so the goal of treatment is to
ease your symptoms and slow the disease.
Your doctor will also want to prevent or treat
any complications and improve your overall
quality of life.
▶ One of the best things you can do to stop your
COPD from getting worse is to stop smoking.
Talk to your doctor about different things you
can try.
▶ Bronchodilators. You inhale these medicines.
They help open your airways.
▶ Corticosteroids. These drugs reduce airway
inflammation. You could inhale them or take
them as pills.
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17 ▶ Combination inhalers. These inhalers Lecture cum PPT.

pair steroids with a bronchodilator. discussion
▶ Antibiotics. Your doctor might prescribe these
to fight bacterial infections.
▶ Roflumilast(Daliresp). This drug stops an
enzyme called PDE4. It prevents flare-ups in
people whose COPD is linked to chronic
bronchitis.
▶ Flu
or pneumonia vaccines. These vaccines lower
your risk for respiratory illnesses, including
COVID-19.
▶ Pulmonary rehabilitation. This program
includes exercise, disease management, and
counseling to help you stay as healthy and
active as possible.
▶ Oxygen therapy. You may need this to reduce
shortness of breath, protect your organs, and
enhance your quality of life.
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18 Surgical 3min SURGICAL MANAGEMENT: Lecture cum PPT. What is the

management discussion surgical
of COPD. management of
▶ In severe cases of COPD, your doctor may COPD.
suggest:
▶ Bullectomy. Removes bullae, large air spaces
that form when air sacs collapse
▶ Lung volume reduction surgery. Removes
diseased lung tissue
▶ Lung transplant. Replaces a diseased lung
with a healthy one
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19 Complication 5min Complications of COPD: Lecture cum PPT. What is the

of COPD discussion complication of
COPD
▶ COPD can cause many other health problems,
like:
▶ Respiratory infections. COPD can raise your
chances of getting colds, the flu, and
pneumonia. They make it harder for you to
breathe and could cause more lung damage. A
yearly flu shot and vaccinations against
pneumonia can help.
▶ Heart problems. Doctors aren’t sure why, but
COPD can raise your risk of heart disease,
including heart attack. Quitting smoking may
lower the odds.
▶ Lung cancer. People with COPD are more
likely to get lung cancer. Quitting smoking can
help.
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20 ▶ High blood pressure in lung arteries. COPD Lecture cum PPT.

discussion
may raise blood pressure in the arteries that
bring blood to your lungs. Your doctor will call
this pulmonary hypertension.
Depression. Trouble breathing can stop you
from doing things you like. And living with a
chronic illness can lead to depression. Your
doctor can help if you feel sad, helpless, or
think that you may be depressed
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21 Nursing Nursing management: Lecture cum PPT. What is the

management discussion nursing
of COPD management of
▶ Assessment of the respiratory system should be COPD.
done rapidly yet accurately.
▶ Assess patient’s exposure to risk factors.
▶ Assess the patient’s past and present medical
history.
▶ Assess the signs and symptoms of COPD and
their severity.
▶ Assess the patient’s knowledge of the disease.
▶ Assess the patient’s vital signs.
▶ Assess breath sounds and pattern.
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22 Nursing Diagnosis of COPD: Lecture cum PPT.

diagnosis of discussion
COPD.
▶ would mainly depend on the assessment data
gathered by the healthcare team members.
▶ Impaired gas exchange due to chronic
inhalation of toxins.
▶ Ineffective airway clearance related to
bronchoconstriction, increased mucus
production, ineffective cough, and other
complications.
▶ Ineffective breathing pattern related to
shortness of breath, mucus,
bronchoconstriction, and airway irritants.
▶ Self-care deficit related to fatigue.
▶ Activity intolerance related to hypoxemia and
ineffective breathing patterns.
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Nursing Nursing Intervention: Lecture cum PPT. What are the

23 intervention discussion nursing
of COPD intervention of
▶ Maintain airway patency. COPD.
▶ Assist with measures to facilitate gas exchange.
▶ Enhance nutritional intake.
▶ Prevent complications, slow progression of
condition.
▶ Provide information about disease
process/prognosis and treatment regimen.
▶ Direct or controlled coughing. The nurse
instructs the patient in direct or controlled
coughing, which is more effective and reduces
fatigue associated with undirected forceful
coughing.
▶ To improve breathing pattern:
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24 ▶ Inspiratory muscle training. This may help Lecture cum PPT.

improve the breathing pattern. discussion
▶ Diaphragmatic breathing. Diaphragmatic
breathing reduces respiratory rate, increases
alveolar ventilation, and sometimes helps expel
as much air as possible during expiration.
▶ Pursed lip breathing. Pursed lip breathing
helps slow expiration, prevents collapse of
small airways, and control the rate and depth of
respiration.
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▶ Monitor cognitive changes. The nurse should

monitor for cognitive changes such as
personality and behavior changes
and memory impairment.
▶ Monitor pulse oximetry values. Pulse
oximetry values are used to assess the patient’s
need for oxygen and administer supplemental
oxygen as prescribed.
▶ Prevent infection. The nurse should encourage
the patient to be immunized
against influenza and S. pneumonia because the
patient is prone to respiratory infection.
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26 REFERENCE:

 Ross and Wilson, book of anatomy and

physiology in health and illness, international
12th edition, page no. 250-254.
 Jenice L. Hinkle, Kerry H. Cheever, Brunner
and siddarth’s, textbook of medical surgical
nursing, volume 1, edition 13th, page no 618-
630.
 Linda S. Williams, Paul D. Hopper, book of
medical surgical nursing, edition 5 th, page no.
655-661.
 Barbara K. Timby and Nancy E. Smith,
Lippincott’s practical nursing, medical surgical
nursing, 10th edition, page no. 275.
 copdrp.biomed central.com>artical
 www.wikipedia.com