acidic nature of nucleic acis id becauxe of P

group

It is made of two polynucleotide chains.

•
Each chain is a right-handed helix.
The two chains coil around each other to form a
double helix.
•
The chains run in opposite directions – they are
said to be antiparallel.
•
Each chain has a sugar-phosphate backbone with
bases projecting at right angles.
•
The bases in one chain are attracted to the bases of
the other chain by hydrogen bonding between the
bases. This holds the chains together.
•
Because of the way they fit together, like jigsaw
pieces, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T)
and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C)
(complementary base pairing).

initiation phase leading strand= 5-3

HELICASE ENZYME= lagging strand= 3-5
UNCOILD THE
DOUBLE HELIX
• The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the same
DNA would like Y shaped direction as the replication fork.
• The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the
opposite direction of the
primer attaches 3OH group to new nucleotide

Elongation phase
DNA polymerase synthesizes this strand ligase enzyme makes phosphodiestr bone between
continuously in the 5' to 3' direction because it the fragments
can move along the template strand in the
direction of the replication fork.

UUACCGGUA

TTACCGGTA
THREE NUCLEOTIDES CODE FOR ONE AMINO ACID
AATGGCCAT

GCA
CGU
protein synthesis from DNA

amino acid from nucleotides

with the binding of an enzyme called RNA polymerase at

specific site

RNA polymerase unwinds a short stretch of the DNA

double helix near the promoter

exposes the DNA bases, allowing for the synthesis of RNA.

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand

in the 3' to 5' direction, reading the sequence

adds complementary RNA nucleotides (adenine, cytosine,

guanine, and uracil, instead of thymine) to the growing
RNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction