வகுப் பு : 11

குறைக்கப்பட்ட பாடம் 2021-22

முக்கிய வினாக்கள் பாடம் : 1,2,4,5

MEDIUM : TAMIL QUESTION : 5 MARK

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 Kf;fpa tpdhf;fspd; njhFg;G ( ) vd;f. ⁄ Mfpa cWg;Gfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
( )⁄ 6. * + kw;Wk; *( ) ( ) ( )+ vd;f.
1.fzq;fs;, njhlh;Gfs; kw;Wk; rhh;Gfs; ( ) njhlh;G R-I (i) jw;Rl;L (ii) rkr;rPh; (iii) flg;G (iv) rkhdj;
1. ,U fzq;fspd; cWg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if m kw;Wk; k njhlh;G vd cUthf;f R-cld; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;ba
MFk;. Kjy; fzj;jpYs;s cl;fzq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ∴ R MdJ rkr;ruP hFk;. Fiwe;jgl;r cWg;Gfis vOJf.
,uz;lhtJ fzj;jpd; cl;fzq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia iii)flg;G: i)jw;Rl;L:
tpl 112 mjpfnkdpy;, m kw;Wk; k kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f. ( ) ( ) vd;f. ⁄ ( )( ) vdNt( )-I Nrh;j;jhy; jw;Rl;lhFk;.
( ) ( ) ii)rkr;rPh;:
⁄
, ( )- , ( )- ( ) vdNt( )-I Nrh;j;jhy; rkr;rPuhFk;.
( ) ( ) ( )⁄
( ) iii)flg;G: vJTk; Nrh;f;f Ntz;bajpy;iy.
iv)rkhdj; njhlh;G:
( ) ∴ R MdJ flg;G MFk;. -I rkhdj; njhlh;ghf cUthf;f ( ) ( ) Mfpa
( ) ∴ R MdJ rkhdj; njhlh;G MFk;. cWg;Gfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
( ) 4. * + kw;Wk; *( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )+ 7.midj;J ,ay; vz;fspd; fzj;jpy; njhlh;G R vd;gJ
( ) vd;f. njhlh;G -I (i) jw;Rl;L (ii) rkr;rPh; (iii) flg;G (iv) “ x+2y=1” vdpy; xRy vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ vdpy;
rkhdj; njhlh;G vd cUthf;f -cld; Nrh;f;fg;gl jw;Rl;L, rkr;rPh; kw;Wk; flg;G Mfpatw;iw gw;wp Muha;f.
Ntz;ba my;yJ ePf;fg;gl Ntz;ba Fiwe;jgl;r R vd;gJ “ x+2y=1” vdpy; xRy, vd;gJ xU
cWg;Gfis vOJf.
2. Z vd;w fzj;jpy; “m-n MdJ 12-d; klq;fhf ,Ue;jhy; ntw;Wf;fzk;.
i)jw;Rl;L:
njhlh;G mRn” vd tiuaWf;fg;gl;lhy; R vd;gJ rkhdj; i)jw;Rl;L: vd;gJ xU ntw;Wf;fzk;, ∴ R MdJ jw;Rl;L
( )( ) vdNt( )-I Nrh;j;jhy; jw;Rl;lhFk;.
njhlh;G vd ep&gpf;f. my;y.
i)jw;Rl;L: ii)rkr;rPh;:
ii)rkr;rPh;: vd;gJ xU ntw;Wf;fzk;, R MdJ rkr;rPu;
( ) vdNt( )-I Nrh;j;jhy; rkr;rPuhFk;. ( )-I MFk;.
-Tk; 12-d; klq;fhFk;.
ePf;fpdhy; rkr;rPuhFk;.
( ) ∴ R MdJ jw;Rl;lhFk;. iii)flg;G: vd;gJ xU ntw;Wf;fzk;, R MdJ flg;G
iii)flg;G: MFk;.
ii)rkr;rPh;:
( )( ) vdNt( )-I Nrh;j;jhy; flg;ghFk;. (Fwpg;G : ntw;Wj; njhlh;gpidr; rkr;rPh; kw;Wk; flg;G
( ) vd;f. ( )( ) vdNt( )-I Nrh;j;jhy; flg;ghFk;. ( )- njhlh;ghff; fUjyhk;)
( ) ( )
I ePf;fpdhy; flg;ghFk;. 8.,ay; vz;fspd; fzj;jpy; R vd;gJ “ Mf
∴ R MdJ rkr;ruP hFk;.
iv)rkhdj; njhlh;G: ,Ue;jhy; aRb” vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ. R-y; cs;s
iii)flg;G:
-I rkhdj; njhlh;ghf cUthf;f ( ) ( ) ( ) cWg;Gfis vOJf. mJ (i) jw;Rl;L (ii) rkr;rhP ; (iii) flg;G
( ) ( ) vd;f. Mfpa cWg;Gfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. (iv) rkhdj; njhlh;gh vd;gij rhpghh;f;f.
5. * + kw;Wk; *( ) ( ) ( )+ vd;f.
( ) ( ) njhlh;G R-I (i) jw;Rl;L (ii) rkr;rPh; (iii) flg;G (iv) rkhdj;
∴ R MdJ flg;G MFk;. *( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
njhlh;G vd cUthf;f R-cld; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;ba ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )+
∴ R MdJ rkhdj; njhlh;G MFk;. Fiwe;jgl;r cWg;Gfis vOJf.
3. Z-y; “m-n MdJ 7 My; tFgLnkdpy; mRn” vdj; i)jw;Rl;L:
i)jw;Rl;L: ( )( ) vdNt( ) ( )-I Nrh;j;jhy; ( )( ) ∴ R MdJ jw;Rl;L my;y.
njhlh;G R tiuaWf;fg;gl;lhy; R vd;gJ rkhdj; njhlh;G jw;Rl;lhFk;.
vd ep&gpf;f. ii)rkr;rPh;:
ii)rkr;rPh;:
i)jw;Rl;L: ( ) ( ) ∴ R MdJ rkr;rPu;.
( ) vdNt ( )-I Nrh;j;jhy; rkr;rPuhFk;.
-Tk; 7-My; tFgLk;.( ) iii)flg;G:( ) ( ) ( ) njspthf R MdJ
iii)flg;G: vJTk; Nrh;f;f Ntz;bajpy;iy. flg;G my;y.
∴ R MdJ jw;Rl;lhFk;. iv)rkhdj; njhlh;G:
ii)rkr;rPh;: iv)rkhdj; njhlh;G: MdJ rkhdj; njhlh;G my;y.
-I rkhdj; njhlh;ghf cUthf;f ( ) ( )( ) 9.,ay; vz;fspd; fzj;jpy; R vd;gJ “2a+3b=30 vdpy;
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aRb” vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ. R-y; cs;s cWg;Gfis -d; kjpg;G ( ) rhh;gfk; Neh;khwhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.
vOJf. mJ (i) jw;Rl;L (ii) rkr;rPh; (iii) flg;G (iv) rkhdj; , - ( ) ( )
njhlh;gh vd;gij rhpghh;f;f. √ 15. vd;w rhh;G ( ) vd
fhz tiuaWf;fg;gbd; xU ,UGwr;rhh;G vd ep&gpj;J, mjd;
3 6 9 12 ,ayhJ Neh;khwpidf; fhz;f.
a
8 6 4 2 , --f;F ntspapy; kw;Wk; Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
b mikAk;
√ Neh;khwhfTk; ,Uf;f fl;Lg;ghL
*( ) ( ) ( ) ( )+
fhz ( - , )
i)jw;Rl;L: ,ayhJ ( ) ( )
( ) -I jtpu kw;w cWg;Gfs; ( ) ∴ R MdJ tiuaWf;f ( )( ) , -
jw;Rl;L my;y. ,ayhJ
ii)rkr;rPh;: kPg;ngU rhh;gfk; ( )( ) 0 1 . /
( ) ( ) ∴ R MdJ rkr;rPu; my;y. , - ,( - , )- , ) ( -
iii)flg;G: njspthf ( )( ) ( ) R MdJ 13. ( ) √
√
vd;w rhh;gpd; kPg;ngU rhh;gfj;ijf; kw;Wk; Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
flg;G my;y. Neh;khwhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.
iv)rkhdj; njhlh;G: MdJ rkhdj; njhlh;G my;y. fhz;f.
-d; kjpg;G ( ) rhh;gfk; ( ) ( )
10. vd;w rhh;gpd; tPr;rfj;ijf; fhz;f.
, -
√ fhz
,ayhJ 16. ( ) vd tiuaWf;fg;gbd;

, --f;F {
fhz ,ayhJ ntspapy; Mfpatw;wpy; -d; kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f.
mikAk;
( ) ( )
( -
( )
d; tPr;rfk; . 1 , ) , )
( ) ( ) ( )
tiuaWf;f
11. ( ) –d; tPr;rfk; fhz;f. ,ayhJ ( )
kPg;ngU rhh;gfk; ( ) ( ) ( )
, - ,( - , )- ( )
14. vd;w rhh;G ( ) vd ( )
17. ( ) vd
tiuaWf;fg;gbd; xU ,UGwr;rhh;G vd ep&gpj;J, mjd; ( )
Neh;khwpidf; fhz;f.
kw;Wk; Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W {
tiuaWf;fg;gbd; Mfpatw;wpy; -d;
Neh;khwhfTk; ,Uf;f fl;Lg;ghL kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f.
d; tPr;rfk; . 1 , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
√ ( )( ) , - ( ) ( )
12.nka;kjpg;G rhh;G MdJ ( ) √ vd ( )
tiuaWf;fg;gl;lhy; mjd; rhj;jpakhd kPg;ngU ( )( ) 0 1 . / ( ) ( )
rhh;gfj;ijf; fhz;f. ( )
kw;Wk; Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W 18.xU tpw;gid gpujpepjpapd; Mz;L tUkhdj;ijf;

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Fwpf;Fk; rhh;G ( ) . ,q;F vd;gJ -k; -k; ,ilg;gl;l mlh;j;jp nfhz;l ,ilntspfs;: ( )( )( )( )
mth; tpw;Fk; nghUspd; tpiykjpg;ig &ghahf mkpyj;jpd; msT ( )
Fwpf;fpd;wJ. tpw;gidj; Jiwapy; cs;s mth; kfdpd; , -y; -y; - ( )-y; ( )
tUkhdk; ( ) vDk; rhh;ghff; , -y; -y; - ( )-y;
Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ vdpy;, ( )( ) fhz;f. NkYk;, -y; -y; - y; y; -
&.15000000 kjpg;Gs;s nghUl;fis mth;fspUtUk; ( )-y; ( )y;
jdpj;jdpNa tpw;why; FLk;g nkhj;j tUkhdj;jpidf; ( )
fzf;fpLf. ( ) ( ( ) ( ( )
( ) ( ) ) ( ) ) ( ) ( )
nkhj;j tUkhdk; ( )( ) ( )
vdpy; ( )( ) ∴ jPh;Tf;fzk; ( ) ( )
( )
4. vd;w mrkd;ghl;il epiwT nra;Ak; -d;
19.kf;fs;njhif 5000 cs;s xU efuj;jpy; elj;jg;gl;l ( )( )

xU fzf;nfLg;gpy;, nkhop A njhpe;jth;fs; 45%, nkhop B midj;J kjpg;GfisAk; fhz;f.

njhpe;jth;fs; 25%, nkhop C njhpe;jth;fs; 10%, A kw;Wk; B -d; G+[;[paq;fs; MFk;.
( )( )
nkhopfs; njhpe;jth;fs; 5%, B kw;Wk; C nkhopfs; ,ilntspfs;: . / . / ( )( )
njhpe;jth;fs; 4%, A kw;Wk; C nkhopfs; njhpe;jth;fs; 4%
( ) ( ) ( )
MFk;.,jpy; %d;W nkhopfSk; njhpe;jth;fs; 3% vdpy;;,
15 tpOf;fhl;bw;Fk; 18 tpOf;fhl;bw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l ( )( )
nkhop A kl;Lk; njhpe;jth;fs; vj;jid Ngh;?
mlh;j;jp nfhz;l mkpyj;jpd; msT ypl;lh;
ypl;lh;.
2.jPh;f;f: ( )

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ∴ jPh;Tf;fzk; . / ( )
–d; G+[;[paq;fs; MFk;.
5.jPh;T fhz;f:
nkhop A kl;Lk; njhpe;jth;fs; %=39 ,ilntspfs;: ( )( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
nkhop A kl;Lk; njhpe;jth;fs; vz;zpf;if ( )( )
–d; G+[;[paq;fs; MFk;.
( )( )
2. mbg;gil ,aw;fzpjk; ( ) ,ilntspfs;: ( )( )( )( )( )
1.xU cw;gj;jpahsh; 12 tpOf;fhL mkpyk; nfhz;l 600 ( ) ( ( ( ( ( )( )
ypl;lh; fiury; itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. ,jDld; vj;jid ( ) ) ) ) ) ( )( )
ypl;lh;fs; 30 tpOf;fhL mkpyj;ij fye;jhy; 15
tpOf;fhl;bw;Fk; 18 tpOf;fhl;bw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l mlh;j;jp ∴ jPh;Tf;fzk; ( ) ( )
nfhz;l mkpyk; fpilf;Fk;? ( )
3. vdpy; -d; midj;J kjpg;GfisAk; fhz;f.
ypl;lh; vd;gJ Njitg;gLk; mkpyk; vd;f. ( ) ( )
( )
nkhj;j fiurypd; msT -d; G+[;[paq;fs; MFk;. ( )
( )

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 ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )( )
( )
( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )(
( )( )
∴ jPh;Tf;fzk; ( - , ) )( ) ( ) ( )
vdpy; ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )( )
6.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; vdpy; ( )
( )
vdpy; ( )
( ) vdpy; ( )( ) ( )( ) , ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) -( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) vdpy; ( )( ) ( )( ) , ( )
vdpy; ( ) ( )( ) ( ) )( )( ) 11.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk;
vdpy; ( ) ( )( ) ( ) njhFjpapd; gb gFjpapd; gb
) (
vdpy; ( ) ( )( )
vdpy; ( )( ) ( )( ) , ( )
( )
-( )( )
( )
. / . / . /
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
7.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; ( )
( )( ) ∴( ) ( )( )
( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
9.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk;
( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) vdpy; ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) vdpy; ( )
( ) ( ) , ( ) -( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
vdpy; ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
vdpy; ( ) ( ) , ( ) -( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ( )
vdpy; 12.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk;
vdpy; ( ) ,( ) - , ( ) -( vdpy; ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
vdpy; ( )
, -( ) rkd; ( ) ( ) -Ij; jPh;f;f fpilg;gJ, kw;Wk; ( )
( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) , -( )
∴( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( ) 10.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; ( ) , -( )
( )( )
) ( ( njhFjpapd; gb gFjpapd; vdpy; ( )
( )( ) gb) vdpy;
8.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; ,UGwKk; d; nfOf;fis rkd;gLj;j,
( )( )( )
( )
( )( )( ) ( )
( )

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13. √ –d; th;f;f%yk; fhz;f. 17. vdpy;, d; kjpg;igf; vd;f.
√ √ √ √ fhz;f.

√ √ ( )√ ( )
(mbkhd khw;W tpjp) ( )
√( √ ) ( )
,UGwKk; midj;ijAk; $l;Lf,
√ , √ √ - (mLf;F tpjp)
14.RUf;Ff: ( ) vd;f.
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
√ √
√ 21. d; jPh;T fhz;f.
√ √ √ ⁄
√ √ √ √ ( )
√ √ ⁄
√ √ √ √ √ √
√ √ √ √
18. vdpy;, d; jPh;Tf;
√ √ fhz;f. (mbkhd khw;W tpjp)
√ √ √ √ √ √
√ √ √ √
√ √
√ √ √ √ √ √
√ √
√ (tFj;jy; tpjp)
√ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
( ) vd;f.
√ (√ √ ) √ √ (√ √ ) √ ( ) vd;f.
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
⁄
15. √ √ vdpy;, d; kjpg;igf; fhz;f. ( ) ( ) ⁄

(√ √ ) √ √ ⁄
√ √
√ √ √ 19. vd epWTf. 4.Nrh;gg
; pay; kw;Wk; fzpjj; njhFj;jwpjy;
√ √ √
√ √ √ ( √ ) vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J vd;w ,lj;jpw;F nry;y
vd;w ,uz;L NgUe;J topj;jlq;fSk;, vd;w
√ ,uz;L ,uapy; topj;jlq;fSk;, NkYk; vd;w thd;
( ) topj;jlKk; cs;sJ. vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J vd;w
16. vd epWTf. ,lj;jpw;F nry;y vd;w xU NgUe;J topj;jlKk;,
( ) ( )
( ) vd;w ,uz;L ,uapy; topj;jlq;fSk;, NkYk;
, - ( ) ( ) ( ) vd;w thd; topj;jlKk; cs;sJ. vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J
( ) vd;w ,lj;jpw;F vd;w ,lk; topNa xNu topj;jlj;ij
( ) ( ) kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jhky; vj;jid topfspy; nry;yyhk;?
( )

20. vdpy;, vdf; fhz;f.

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∴nkhj;j topfspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) ( ) ,lk; ,q;F
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) topfspd; vz;zpf;if capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tUk; tifapy; cs;s vOj;Jr;
ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ( )
topfspd; vz;zpf;if ( )( )
2. f;Fk; f;F ,ilNa cs;s (,uz;ilAk; ,y; Jtq;fNth kw;Wk; ,y; Kbf;fNth $lhj
cs;slf;fpa) vz;fspy; MYk; MYk; tFglhj ( )nkhj;j vOj;Jfs; 8 ( )
vOj;Jr; ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tUk; kw;Wk; tuhj tifapy;
vz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia fhz;f.
4.ehd;F ntt;Ntwhd ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l ,yf;f cs;s vOj;Jr; ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
f;Fk; f;F ,ilNa cs;s nkhj;j vz;fs;
vz;fis kw;Wk; vd;w ,yf;fq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp cUthf;Fk;NghJ, fPo;f;fz;ltw;iw fhz;f. capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tuhj tifapy; cs;s vOj;Jr;
My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if ( )
My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) ( ) ,t;thwhd vj;jid vz;fis cUthf;fyhk;? ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
( ) ,tw;wpy; vj;jid vz;fs; ,ul;ilg;gil? capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tUk; kw;Wk; tuhj tifapy;
kw;Wk; My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if
( ) ,tw;wpy; vj;jid vz;fs; rhpahf My; tFgLk;? cs;s vOj;Jr; ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;if capnuOj;Jfs;
( ) , ( )- xd;whf tUk; tifapy; cs;s vOj;Jr; ruq;fspd;
(m) My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) vz;fs; 5 ( kw;Wk; ) ; ,yf;fq;fs; 4
5 vz;fis nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gLk; ,yf;f vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 6.15 khzth;fs; vOJk; xU Njh;tpy;, 7 khzth;fs;
( ) vz;zpf;if
( ),ul;ilg;gil vz;fs; vdpy; filrp ,yf;fk; 2 (m) 4 fzpjj; Njh;itAk; kPjKs;s 8 khzth;fs; ntt;NtW
MYk; MYk; tFglhj vz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia ghlq;fSf;fhd Njh;itAk; vOJfpd;wdh;. fzpjj; Njh;T
Mf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
vOJk; ce;j ,U khzth;fSk; xNu thpirapy;
(⏟ ) ( ) ( ) ( ⏟ ⁄ ) mLj;jLj;J ,y;yhj tifapy; vj;jid topfspy;
3. vDk; thh;j;ijapy; cs;s vOj;Jfisg;
gad;gLj;jp mkuitf;fyhk;?
( ) ,y; Muk;gpj;J my;yJ ,ul;ilg;gil vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if GAP METHOD: ,
,y; Kbf;Fk; tifapy;
vj;jid vOj;Jr; ruq;fs; cs;sd. ( )( ) thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ( )
( ) ,y; Jtq;fNth kw;Wk; ,y; Kbf;fNth $lhj ( ) My; tFgLk; vz;zhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy; ( )
vOj;Jr; ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia fhz;f. filrp ,uz;L ,yf;fq;fs;
My; tFgl Ntz;Lk;. kw;Wk; vd;w , ( )
-
( ) ,y; Muk;gpf;Fk; vOj;J ruq;fs;:
,lk; ( ) ,yf;fq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp fpilf;Fk; My; tFgLk; 7.xU tz;bapy; 8 ,Uf;iffs; cs;sd. Kd;thpirapy; 2
vz;zfs; ( 4 topfs; ) ,Uf;iffSk; mjw;F gpd;Gwk; ,uz;L thpirfspy;
topfspd; vz;zpf;if xt;nthd;wpYk; 3 ,Uf;iffs; cs;sd. Me;j
(⏟ ) ( ) (⏟ )
topfspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) tz;bahdJ VO egh;fs; cs;s xU
,y; KbAk; vOj;J ruq;fs;: My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if FLk;gj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhdJ.gpd;tUk; epge;jidfSf;F
cl;gl;L mf;FLk;gj;ij me;j tz;bapy; vj;jid
( )( ) topfspy; mku itf;fyhk;?
,lk; ( ) 5. vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s vOj;Jfisg; ( ) ve;j fl;Lg;ghLk; ,y;yhky;
topfspd; vz;zpf;if gad;gLj;jp ( ) my;yJ tz;bia Xl;l Ntz;Lk;
topfspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) ( )capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tUk; tifapy; vj;jid ( ) tz;bia Xl;Lk;NghJ rd;dNyhu
,y; Muk;gpj;J my;yJ ,y; KbAk; vOj;J ruq;fs;: vOj;Jr; ruq;fis cUthf;fyhk;? ,Uf;ifapy; mkh;e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,lk; ( ) ( ) ( )capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tuhj tifapy; vj;jid
vOj;Jr; ruq;fis cUthf;fyhk;?
topfspd; vz;zpf;if
( )nkhj;j vOj;Jfs; 8 ( )
topfspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) capnuOj;Jfs; 5 ( ) FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fspd; vz;zpf;if ,Uf;iffspd;
Nrh;j;jy;-ePf;fy; nfhs;ifapd;gb, ntt;Ntwhd nghUl;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;l vz;zpf;ifapyhd vz;zpf;if
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) nghUl;fs; vg;nghOJk; xd;whf tUk; tifapy; cs;s ( )ve;j fl;Lg;ghLk; ,y;iy:
( ) thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) 7 Nghpy; xUth; Xl;Leh; ,Uf;ifapy; mkUtjw;fhd
( ),lk; 5, vOj;J 5
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topfs; ( ) capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tuhj tifapy; Njitahd thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
kPjKs;s 7 ,Uf;iffspy; 6 Ngh; mkUtjw;fhd topfs; ( ) ve;j ,U capnuOj;JfSk; xd;whf tuhj tifapy;
; nkhj;j vOj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if
nkhj;j topfspd; vz;zpf;if capnuOj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) ,uz;L 10. kw;Wk; 4 vd;w ,yf;fq;fs; jdpj;jdpahf
( ) my;yJ tz;bia Xl;l Ntz;Lk;: %d;W cs;sJ. ml;ilapy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU ,yf;f vz;iz
(m) ,Uhpy; xUth; Xl;Leh; ,Uf;ifapy; nka; vOj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) mikf;f ,e;j MW ml;ilfisAk; thpirg;gLj;Jk;NghJ
mkUtjw;fhd topfs; ,uz;L cs;sJ. ( ) vj;jid ntt;Ntwhd ,yf;f vz;fis
kPjKs;s 7 ,Uf;iffspy; 6 Ngh; mkUtjw;fhd topfs; ( )xU capnuOj;J kw;Wk; xU nka; vOj;J mLj;jLj;J cUthf;fyhk;?
; tUkhW: ( ) ,tw;wpy; vj;jid ,yf;f vz;fs; ,ul;ilg;gil?
nkhj;j topfspd; vz;zpf;if capnuOj;Jfspd; thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) ,tw;wpy; vj;jid ,yf;f vz;fs; My;
( ) tz;bia Xl;Lk;NghJ rd;dNyhu tFgLk;?
,Uf;ifapy; mkh;e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;: ( )( ) 1-d; vz;zpf;if 3-d; vz;zpf;if
rd;dNyhu ,Uf;iffspd; vz;zpf;if nka; vOj;Jfspd; thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if () kw;Wk; 4 vd;w vz;fis nfhz;L
rd;dNyhu ,Uf;ifapy; mkUtjw;fhd topfs;; cUthf;fg;gLk; ,yf;f vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if
( )
tz;bia Xl;Ltjhy;, kPjKs;s 5 ,Uf;iffspy; 4 Ngh; nkhj;j thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if (
( ),ul;ilg;gil vdpy; 1Mk; ,lj;jpy; 2 (m) 4 tUk;.
mkUtjw;fhd topfs; ; )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (⏟ )
⏟
nkhj;j topfspd; vz;zpf;if ( Kjypy; capnuOj;J gpd;dh; nka; vOj;J (m)
8.8 ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 6 Mz;fs; xh; thpirapy; Kjypy; nka; vOj;J gpd;dh;
capnuOj;J vd 2 topfs; cs;sjdhy; tUk;) topfspd; vz;zpf;if ( 1-d; vz;zpf;if
epw;fpwhh;fs;.
( )vtUk; ve;j ,lj;jpYk; epw;fyhk; vd;w tifapy; ( ) R capnuOj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if 3-d; vz;zpf;if )
vj;jid topfspy; epw;fyhk;? ,ul;ilg;gil vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if
( )6 Mz;fSk; mLj;jLj;J tUkhW vj;jid topfspy; nkhj;j thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) My; tFgLk; vdpy; filrp 2 ,yf;fq;fs;
epw;fyhk;? ( ) Mf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
( )ve;j ,U Mz;fSk; xd;whf epw;fhky; vj;jid ,uz;L %d;W kw;Wk; ,uz;L cs;sjhy;, filrp 2 ,yf;fq;fs; vdpy; topfspd; vz;zpf;if
topfspy; epw;fyhk;? ( 3-d; vz;zpf;if )
Njitahd thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
( ) 8 ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 6 Mz;fs; egh;fs;
8 ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 6 Mz;fs; xh; thpirapy; ve;j filrp 2 ,yf;fq;fs; vdpy; topfspd; vz;zpf;if
,lj;jpYk; epw;fyhk; vd;gjw;fhd thpir khw;wq;fspd; ( 1-d; vz;zpf;if 3-d; vz;zpf;if )
( ) 12 vOj;JfisAk; nfhz;l thpir khw;wq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if filrp 2 ,yf;fq;fs; vdpy; topfspd; vz;zpf;if
( ) STRING METHOD: vz;zpf;if
( 1-d; vz;zpf;if )
thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ( ) ( ,uz;L %d;W kw;Wk; ,uz;L
( ) cs;sjhy;) My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if
( ) GAP METHOD: Njitahd thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 12 11. R vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s vOj;Jfis
( ) vOj;JfisAk; nfhz;l thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if thpir khw;wj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jpf; fpilf;Fk; vOj;Jr;
thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ruq;fis Mq;fpy mfuhjpapy; cs;sJ Nghd;W
vy;yh capnuOj;JfSk; xd;whf tUkhW cs;s
thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if thpirg;gLj;Jk;NghJ, fPo;f;fhZk; thh;j;ijfspd; juj;ijf;
9. R vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s fhz;f.
vOj;Jfisg; gad;gLj;jp fPo;f;fhZk; epge;jidfSf;F () ( )
cl;gl;L vj;jid vOj;Jr; ruq;fis cUthf;fyhk;? ( ) GAP METHOD:
( ) caph; vOj;Jfs; kw;Wk; nka; vOj;Jfs; mLj;jLj;J thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ( )
tUkhW
( ) vy;yh capnuOj;JfSk; xd;whf tUkhW ,uz;L %d;W kw;Wk; ,uz;L cs;sjhy;,
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() ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), -( ) (
4 1 6 2 5 ) ( ), -( )
G A R D E N ( )
5! 4! 3! 2! 1! 0! 2 4 3 1 5 ( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
3 0 3 0 0 0 B L E A T
R vd;w thh;j;ijapd; juk; ( ) ( ) 4! 3! 2! 1! 0! 17. ( ) ( ) vdpy;, d; kjpg;igf;
( ) ( ) 1 2 1 0 0 fhz;f.
( ) vd;w thh;j;ijapd; juk;
( ) ( )
2 1 5 4 3 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
D A N G E R ;( ) ( ) ( )
5! 4! 3! 2! 1! 0! 14. vd;w ,yf;fq;fis nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gLk; ( ) ( )
1 0 2 1 0 0 vy;yh ,yf;f vz;fspd; $Ljiyf; fhz;f. ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
vd;w thh;j;ijapd; juk; ,q;F ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) G+r;rpakw;w ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;L cUthFk; vy;yh
( )( )
,yf;f vz;fspd; $Ljy; * (,yf;fq;fspd;
12. vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s vOj;Jfis thpir $Ljy;) ( Kiw)+ ( )( )
khw;wj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jp vj;jid vOj;Jr; ruq;fis Njitahd $Ljy; 18.xU tpdhj;jhspy; cs;s 8 tpdhf;fspy; 4 tpdhf;fs;
ngwyhk;. NkYk;, ,jid Mq;fpy mfuhjpapy; cs;sJ ( ) ( ), -( ) gFjp m-tpYk; 4 tpdhf;fs; gFjp M-tpYk; cs;sd.
Nghd;W thpirg;gLj;Jk;NghJ 85MtJ vOj;Jr; ruk; ( ) Njh;T vOJgth; 5 tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;? fPo;f;fz;l epge;jidfis epiwTnra;Ak; tifapy;
vj;jid topfspy; ,jidr; nra;ayhk;.
mfu thpirg;gb 15. kw;Wk; 5 vd;w ,yf;fq;fs; kPz;Lk; jpUk;g ( ),U gFjpfspypUe;Jk; vt;tpj fl;Lg;ghLk; ,y;yhky;
y; Muk;gk; vdpy; tuhj tifapy; cUthFk; vy;yh ,yf;f vz;fspd; vj;jid tpdhf;fis Ntz;LkhdhYk; Njh;T nra;ayhk;.
y; Muk;gk; vdpy; $l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhz;f. ( )Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fisahtJ gFjp m-tpy;
y; Muk;gk; vdpy; ,q;F ,Ue;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.
y; vdpy; G+r;rpakw;w ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;L cUthFk; vy;yh ( )nkhj;jk; cs;s 8 tpdhf;fspypUe;J 5 tpdhf;fis
y; vdpy; ,yf;f vz;fspd; $Ljy; * (,yf;fq;fspd; Njh;T nra;Ak; topfs;
$Ljy;) ( Kiw)+
Njitahd $Ljy; ( )
( ) ( ), gFjp g jp Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpfif
vdNt MtJ thhh;jij MFk;. -( ) m M
13. vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s vOj;Jfis thpir ( ) 2 3
khw;wk; nra;J fpilf;Fk; vy;yh vOj;Jr; ruq;fisAk;
Mq;fpy mfuhjpapy; cs;sgb thpirahf mikj;jhy;, 16. vd;w ,yf;fq;fs; kPz;Lk; jpUk;g tuhj 3 2
fPo;f;fz;l thh;j;ijfspd; juk; fhz;f. tifapy; cUthFk; vy;yh ,yf;f vz;fspd;
() ( ) $l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhz;f. 4 1
() ,q;F nkhj;jk; 52
5 1 2 4 3 nfhLf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fq;fspy; xU ,yf;fk; vdpy;, 19. R vDk; thh;j;ijapy; cs;s
T A B L E ,tw;iwf; nfhz;L cUthFk; ,yf;f vz;fspd; vOj;Jfisg; gad;gLj;jp 5 vOj;Jfspy; vj;jid
4! 3! 2! 1! 0! $Ljy; * (,yf;fq;fspd; $Ljy;) vOj;Jr; ruq;fis cUthf;fyhk;?
4 0 0 1 0 ( Kiw)+ * (,yf;fq;fspd; $Ljy;) nkhj;j vOj;Jfs; d; vz;zpf;if d;
vd;w thh;j;ijapd; juk;; ( )Kiw)+ vz;zpf;if

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 d; vz;zpf;if ntt;Ntwhd vOj;Jfspd; rPl;Lfisj; Njh;T nra;Ak; xt;nthU Nrh;tpYk;
vz;zpf;if ( ) vg;nghOJk; %d;W V];fs; cs;sthW vj;jid Nrh;Tfs;
vOj;Jfspd; tha;g;Gfs; Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if ,Uf;Fk; vdf; fhz;f.
rPl;L vz;zpf;if Njh;T Nrh;Tfspd; nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd;
,y; ,Ue;J nra;a vz;zpf;if vz;zpf;if
5 ntt;Ntwhd vOj;Jfs; Ntz;ba ( )
3 xNu vOj;J vz;zpf;if ngz;(; ) Mz;( ) Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if
nfhz;l ,y; 1 V];
njhFg;G, ,y; ,Ue;J
1 Nrhb kw;wit
3 xNu vOj;J
nfhz;l ,y; 1 nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if
njhFg;G, 2 ntt;Ntwhd
22.7 ,e;jpah;fs; kw;Wk; 5 mnkhpf;fh;fspy; ,Ue;J
vOj;Jfs; ( )
,e;jpah;fs; mjpf mstpy; ,Uf;Fk;gbahd 5 egh;fisf;
,y; ,Ue;J 2 nfhz;l vj;jid tpjkhd FOf;fis mikf;fyhk;?
Nrhb, ( ) ,e;jpah;fs;(7) mnkhpf;fh;fs;(5) Nrh;Tfspd;
,y; 1 vOj;J vz;zpf;if
,y; ,Ue;J 1
Nrhb, ( )( nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd;
) ,y; 3 vOj;J vz;zpf;if
nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; 24.xU MZf;F 4 ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 3 Mz;fs; vd 7
vz;zpf;if cwtpdh;fs; cs;sdh;. mtuJ kidtpf;F 3 ngz;fs;
20.5 Mrphpah;fs; kw;Wk; 20 khzth;fspy; ,Ue;J 2 kw;Wk; 4 Mz;fs; vd 7 cwtpdh;fs; cs;sdh;.xU ,uT
Mrphpah;fs; kw;Wk; 3 khzth;fisf; nfhz;L xU FO tpUe;jpw;F 3 ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 3 Mz;fs; miof;fg;gLk;
mikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.vj;jid topfspy; ,jidr; NghJ, Mzpd; cwtpdh;fs; 3 Ngh; kw;Wk; mtuJ
nra;ayhk;? NkYk; ,tw;wpy; fPo;f;fhZk; epge;jidf;F nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if kidtpapd; cwtpdh;fs; 3 Ngh; vd;wthW tpUe;jpy;
cl;gl;L vj;jid FOf;fisf; fhzyhk;? 23.8 Mz;fs; kw;Wk; 4 ngz;fspy; ,Ue;J 7 Ngh; fye;Jnfhs;s vj;jid topfspy; miof;fyhk;?
( )mf;FOtpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l Mrphpah; cs;sthW. nfhz;l FO mikf;fg;gLfpd;WJ.fPo;f;fhZk; fzthpd; kidtpapd; Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if
( )mf;FOtpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l khzth; tuhjthW. epge;jidia G+h;j;jp nra;Ak; tifapy; vj;jid cwTfs; cwTfs;
5 Mrphpah;fspy; 2 Mrphpah;fs; kw;Wk; 20 khzth;fspy; 3 FOf;fis mikf;fyhk;. Mz; ngz; Mz; ngz;
khzth;fis Njh;T nra;Ak; topfs; ( ) rhpahf 3 ngz;fs; ,Uf;FkhW. (3) (4) (4) (3)
( ) Fiwe;jgl;rk; 3 ngz;fs; ,Uf;FkhW.
( ) 1 Fwpg;gpl;l Mrphpah; Nghf kPjpAs;s Mrphpah;fspd; ( ) mjpfgl;rk; 3 ngz;fs; ,Uf;FkhW.
vz;zpf;if ()
4 Mrphpah;fspy; 1 Mrphpah;fs; kw;Wk; 20 khzth;fspy; 3 ngz;(; ) Mz;( ) Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if
khzth;fis Njh;T nra;Ak; topfs;
nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd;
( )FOtpy; ,lk;ngwhj khzthpd; vz;zpf;if vz;zpf;if
( )
5 Mrphpah;fspy; 2 Mrphpah;fs; kw;Wk; 19 khzth;fspy; 3 Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if 25.xU ngl;bapy; ,uz;L nts;isg; ge;Jfs;, %d;W
ngz;(; ) Mz;( )
khzth;fis Njh;T nra;Ak; topfs; fUg;Gg; ge;Jfs; kw;Wk; ehd;F rptg;Gg; ge;Jfs; cs;sd.
ngl;bapy; ,Ue;J %d;W ge;Jfisj; Njh;e;njLf;Fk;
NghJ, mtw;wpy; Fiwe;jgl;rk; xU fUg;G ge;J
21.52 rPl;Lfs; nfhz;l xU rPl;Lf; fl;bypUe;J 5
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,Uf;FkhW vj;jid topfspy; Njh;e;njLf;fyhk;? Gs;spfisj; jtpu kw;w ve;j 3 Gs;spfSk; xNu Nfhl;by;
fUg;G(3) nts;is(2) rptg;G(4)=6 Nrh;Tfspd; mikatpy;iy vdpy;, fPo;f;fz;ltw;iwf; fhz;f.
vz;zpf;if ( ) ,g;Gs;spfspy; xU Nrhb Gs;spfspdhy; mikAk;
NfhLfs; vj;jid?
( ) ,e;j Gs;spfis Kidg; Gs;spfshff; nfhz;L ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
vj;jid Kf;Nfhzq;fis mikf;fyhk;?
( )NfhLfspd; vz;zpf;if 2.xU ngUf;F; j; njhlh;Kiwapd; 4 MtJ, 5 MtJ, 6
MtJ cWg;Gfspd; ngUf;fy; 4096 kw;Wk; 5 MtJ, 6
nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if MtJ, 7 MtJ cWg;Gfspd; ngUf;fy; 32768 vdpy; me;j
26. vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s ngUf;;Fj; njhlh;Kiwapd; Kjy; 8 cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy;
vOj;Jfisf; nfhz;L vj;jid 4 vOj;Jr; ruq;fis fhz;f.
cUthf;fyhk;? ( ) Kf;Nfhzq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
nkhj;j vOj;Jfs; d; vz;zpf;if d; 4 MtJ, 5 MtJ, 6 MtJ cWg;Gfs; KiwNa
vz;zpf;if
MFk;.
d; vz;zpf;if ntt;Ntwhd vOj;Jfspd;
mtw;wpd; ngUf;fy;gyd;
vz;zpf;if fzpjj;njhFj;jwpjy; gbepiyfs;
vOj;Jfspd; tha;g;Gfs; Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if ( )
(i)P(1) vd;gJ cz;ik. 5 MtJ, 6 MtJ, 7 MtJ cWg;Gfs; KiwNa
,y;
,Ue;J 4 ntt;Ntwhd (ii)P(k) vd;gJ cz;ik vdf;nfhs;f. MFk;.
vOj;Jfs; (iii)P(k+1) vd;gJ cz;ik. mtw;wpd; ngUf;fy;gyd;
,y; ,Ue;J 2 (iv)fzpjj;njhFj;jwpjy; nfhs;ifapd;gb, vy;yh KO
Nrhb vz;fs; f;Fk; $w;W cz;ikahFk;. ( )
,y; ,Ue;J 1 5.<UWg;Gj; Njw;wk;, njhlh;Kiwfs; kw;Wk; njhlh;fs; ( ( )
Nrhb, ( 1. vd;w njhlh;Kiw $l;Lj;
)( ) ,y; ,Ue;J vd rkd; ( ),y; gpujpapLf, ( )
njhlh;Kiwahf ,Uf;FkhW vd;w VO
2 vOj;Jfs;
nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; vz;fisf; fhz;f. NkYk; vd;w ( ) ( )
vz;zpf;if njhlh;Kiw ngUf;Fj; njhlh;Kiwahf ,Uf;FkhW
27.15 Gs;spfspy; 7 Gs;spfs; xU Nfhl;bYk; kw;Wk; vd;w ehd;F vz;fisf; fhz;f. 3.VWthpirapy; ngUf;Fj;njhlh; Kiwapy; cs;s %d;W
kPjKs;s 8 Gs;spfs; kw;nwhU ,izf;Nfhl;bYk; vd;w ,y; cWg;Gfspd; ngUf;fy; 5832. ,uz;lhtJ vz;Zld; 6
mike;Js;sJ vdpy; ,e;j 15 Gs;spfisf; nfhz;l IAk; %d;whtJ vz;Zld; 9 IAk; $l;lf; fpilf;Fk;
vj;jid Kf;Nfhzq;fis cUthf;fyhk;? vz;fs; xU $l;Lj; njhlh;Kiwahf ,Uf;Fk; vdpy;
Kjy; ,uz;lhk; Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if ngUf;Fj;njhlh; Kiwapd; me;j %d;W vz;fisf;
( )( )( )( )(
NfhL NfhL fhz;f.
)( )( )
(7 Gs;sp) (8 Gs;sp) Njitahd %d;W vz;fs; vd;f.
1 2 . / . / . / . / . / .
ngUf;fy;
2 1 / . /
nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; 364 xU $l;Lj;njhlh; Kiw.
vz;zpf;if ( ) , -
vd;w ,y;
( )
28.xU jsj;jpy; 11 Gs;spfs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpy; 4 . /

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 KiwNa kw;Wk; vdpy; ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( ) vd epWTf.
vdpy;
∴ me;j %d;W vz;fs; ∴∑
() ,UGwKk; vLf;f, ( ) 10. ( I d; mLf;Ffshf tphpthf;fk; nra;f.
)
( ) me;j tphpthf;fk; rhpahf ,Ug;gjw;fhd d;
( ) epge;jidiaf; fhz;f.
4. vd;gd xU ngUf;Fj; njhlh;Kiwahf ,Ue;J ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
⁄ ⁄ ⁄
vdTk; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; vd;gd ( ) ( )
xU $l;Lj; njhlh;KiwahFk; vd epWTf.
vd;gd xU ngUf;Fj; njhlh;Kiw . /-
( ) ( ) , . /-
,UGwKk; vLf;f,
( ) ( ) ( )( )
⁄ ⁄ ⁄ , . / . / . / -
vd;f. ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) 0 1
∴ vd;gd xU $l;Lj; njhlh;KiwahFk;. ( )
5.xU ngUf;Fj; njhlhpd; MtJ cWg;G vdpy;, 0 1
d; vy;yh kpif KO vz;Zf;Fk; ,UGwKk; vLf;f, ( ) | | , | |
vd;gdTk; xU ngUf;Fj; njhlh; vd epWTf.
| | | | -
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) 11. xU nghpa vz; vdpy;, √ √ d;
( ) kjpg;G Njhuhakhf vd epWTf.
vd;gd xU ngUf;Fj; ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
njhlh; MFk;. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
6. ( ) ( ) vd;w rkd;ghl;bd; 8. vd;w njhlhpd; Kjy; ⁄
( ) ⁄
%yq;fs; rkkhdit vdpy; vd;gd xU $l;Lj; √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 . /1
njhlh;KiwahFk; vd epWTf. cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy; fhz;f.
⁄
( ) ( )
√ √ ( ) | |
√ √ √ √ √ √
. /
√ √ √ √ √ √
[ . / ]
√ √ ( )
( ) ( )( ) √ √ . /
( ) [ ] 0 1
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
√ ⁄
( ) ( ) ( ) ⁄
9. ∑ d; kjpg;G fhz;f. √ ( ) 0 . /1
( )
⁄
( ) | |
( )( ) ( ) ( )
. /
. / . / [ . / ]
∴ vd;gd xU $l;Lj; njhlh;KiwahFk;. . / .( /
7.xU ngUf;Fj;njhlhpd; kw;Wk; MtJ cWg;Gfs; ) ( )

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 . / ( ) ( )( )
[ ] 0 1 13. kpfr; rpwpaJ vdpy;, √ vd;gJ Njhuhakhf ( )
vd epWTf. ⁄ . /
. / [ . / ]
( ) ( )( )
xU nghpa vz; vdpy;, kpfr; rpwpa vz;zhf ,Uf;Fk;. ( )
. /
vdNt d; cah; mLf;Ffis ePf;fyhk;. ( ) ( )( ) [ . / ]
( )
√ √ 0 1
⁄
( ) ⁄ ( ) ⁄
√ . /
12. xU nghpa vz; vdpy;, √ √ d; . / . /
[ ][ ]
kjpg;G Njhuhakhf vd epWTf.
( ) ( )( ) 0 10 1
( )
⁄
( ) ⁄
√ 0 . /1
. / ( ) ( kpfr; rpwpaJ )
⁄
( ) | |
. /
[ . / ] 14. kw;Wk; I xg;gpLk;NghJ rpwpaJ vdpy;,
( ) ( )
. / √ vd epWTf. ,jd; %yk; √ d;
[ ] 0 1 ( ) ( )
kjpg;gpidf; fhz;f.
( ) ( ) ,( ) ( ) ( )0 . /1
⁄ ( ) ( ) ,( ) ( ) ( )0 . /1
( ) ⁄
√ 0 . /1 ⁄
⁄ . / . /
( ) | | ⁄
( ( ) )
. /
. / . /
[ . / ] ( ) ⁄ ( ) ⁄ ( ) ⁄
( ) ⁄ ( ) ⁄ ( ) ⁄
. /
⁄ ⁄ ⁄
[ ] 0 1 ⁄
⁄ ⁄ ⁄
( ) √
( ) ( ) ( )
√ ( ) ( ) ( )
xU nghpa vz; vdpy;, kpfr; rpwpa vz;zhf ,Uf;Fk;.
vdNt d; cah; mLf;Ffis ePf;fyhk;.
15.kjpg;G fhz;f: √
√ √ ⁄
[ ] ( ) ⁄ ( ) ⁄ ⁄
√ . /
⁄
. /

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