K.

ABHISHEKAPURAM, PIRATTIYUR WEST, TIRUCHIRAPALLI – 620009

Affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi
Affiliation Number: 1931033

An investigatory project entitled

AC GENERATOR
{MAKING AN AC GENERATOR MODEL AND VERIFING ITS EFFICIENCY}

Submitted to the
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
AISSCE PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
in
PHYSICS
(Subject Code: 042)

Submitted by
FARHANUDIN.B
(Reg No. )

Under the guidance of

MR. A. DANIEL AMIRTHARAJ M.Sc.,M.phil.,B.Ed.

2023 - 2024
 K. ABHISHEKAPURAM, PIRATTIYUR WEST, TIRUCHIRAPALLI – 620009
Affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi
Affiliation Number: 1931033

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that FARHANUDIN.B (Roll / Reg No. ) a student of Class XII has successfully
completed the Project work entitled on AC GENERATOR - MAKING A MODEL OF AC GENERATOR
AND VERIFING ITS EFFICIENCY for the academic year 2023 – 2024 in partial fulfillment of Practical
Examination of AISSCE of Central Board of Secondary Education.

PHYSICS TEACHER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

PRINCIPAL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my immense gratitude to my Physics teacher

Mr. A.Daniel amirtharaj for the help and guidance he provided for
completing this project and I also express my sincere thanks to the lab
assistant for allowing me to do this project in laboratory

I thank our Principal and school management, for providing us the

facilities and opportunity to do this project.

Lastly, I would like to extend my gratitude towards my friends who

has supported me to complete this project.
 CONTENT

PRINCIPLE
THEORY
AIM
MATERIAL REQUIRED
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION
ADVANTAGE AND APPLICATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE SITES
PRINCIPLE OF AC GENERATOR
The working of ac generator is based on the principle of
electromagnetic induction. When a closed coil is rotated in a uniform magnetic field
with its axis perpendicular to the magnetic field. The magnetic flux linkage to the coil
changes and an induced emf and hence a current is set up in it.

THEORY
A Generator is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy .
Actually the name generator is a misnomer because it does not generate any energy. It
just convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

An AC GENERATOR is the one which produces a current that alternates its direction
regularly after a fixed interval of time. It is a device that converts mechanical energy
into alternating form of electrical energy. The present form of AC GENERATOR is due to
NIKOLA TESLA, The great Yugoslav scientist who built in in the year 1888
EXPRESSION,
N = Number of turns in the coil
A = face area of each turn
B = magnitude of the magnetic field
θ = Angle which normal to the coil makes magnetic field at instant time t
ω = The angular velocity with which coil rotates
Then the magnetic flux linked with the coil at any instant t will be,
ϕ=N(BA)=NBAcosθ
=NBAcosωt

BY faradays flux rule, the induced emf is given by

ε=− dt/dϕ =−NBA(−(sinωt)ω)
ε=+NBAωsinωt (or) ε= ε sₒinωt

where ε ₒ= NBAω. When a load of resistance R is connected across the terminal, a

current I flows in a external circuit.
I = ε/R = εₒsin ωt/R
=Iₒ sinωt
where Iₒ = εₒ/R Both current and voltage vary sinusoidally with time. The
power dissipated in the load is supplied by the agent in rotating the coil in the
magnetic field
GRAPHICAL REPRESNTATION OF ALTERNATING EMF WITH RESPECT TO
TIME
AIM
TO construct a AC generator model and find its convention of mechanical energy into
electrical energy

MATERIAL REQUIRED:
1. Field magnet
2. Mechanical rotator (Source of energy)
3. Key
4. Bulbe
5. Armature
6. Slip rings
7. Brushes
OBSERVATION
1. The armature coil is manually rotated by a rotator

Photo 1. Rotator
2. The orientation of the coil keeps on changing. According to flemings right hand rule ,
the induced current flows through the coil in one direction of current in the first half
rotation.

Photo 2. coil first half rotation

3. During the second half rotation the orientation of the coil changes and the direction
of induced current is being reversed. This is being detected my the deflection of
galvanometer

Photo 3. coil second half rotation

4. Thus the direction of current in the external circuit is reversed after every half cycle.
5. Mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy. We observe this as the
bulb glows

Photo 4. glow of bulb

CONCLUSION
 The orientation of the coil changes continuously as it revolves
between the poles of the magnet on an axis perpendicular to the magnetic
field, a flux which is linked with the coil changes continoulsy. Due to this,
an emf is introduced in the coil. This produce a AC current leading the bulb
to glow

ADVANTAGES OF AC GENERATOR
AC generators have numerous benefits over DC
generators. Some significant advantage of AC generator over DC generator
is as follows:-
1. The AC is simpler to generate than DC. AC is more cost-efficient
than DC
2.In AC generators, during the generation of Power, energy wastage
is almost negligible.
3.The Size of the AC generator is smaller as compared to DC.
4.AC is easy to step up and step down through the transformer.
5.Transmission link size in AC generator is thinner due to step-up
future.

APPLICATION OF AC GENERATOR
An AC generator is one of the significant energy-
generating components of many electric devices we use in our daily lives.
Some of the appliances are as follows:-
1.They work as alternators in automobile devices.
2.They work as power generators in windmill.
3.They work as power generators in Hydroelectric dams.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE SITES:

Concepts of physics – H.C. Verma
New simplified Physics – S.L. Arora
Class 12 Physics text book – NCERT
https://unacademy.com/content/cbse-class-12/study-material/physics/ac-generator/
https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/draw-a-labeled-diagram-of-ac-generatorderive-
the-expression-for-the-instantaneous-value-of-the/
https://www.sarthaks.com/960108/explain-the-various-part-of-ac-generator
https://www.brainkart.com/article/Single-phase-AC-generator_38507/