Let’s Study

CHAPTER 1:
LIFE ORGANIZATION
Key Words:
Characteristics of living thing, Life organization, Diversity of Life, Classification
of living things, Ecosystem, Water cycle, Carbon cycle

 Characteristics of Living Thing

1. Match this following picture with the right term

Picture Terms

1. A. The biological process by

which new individual
organisms offspring are
produced from their parent.

2. B. The ability to adjust to new

information and
experiences able to adopt
new behaviors that allow to
cope with change.

3. C. Irreversible constant
increase in size, and
psychomotor capacity.
Both processes are highly
dependent on genetic,
nutritional, and
environmental factors.

4. D. The biological levels

arranged from the simplest
to most complex.

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 Picture Terms

5. E. Any self-regulating process

by which an organism tends
to maintain stability while
adjusting to conditions that
are best for its survival.

6. F. Direct one-to-one stimulus-

response reaction because
of change in the
environment.

7. G. Process through which

humans and other animals
orient themselves to their
own or others' physical
movements.

H. The chemical reactions in

the body's cells that change
food into energy.

For Your Information

To be classified as a living thing, an object must have all seven of the following
characteristics:
 Homeostasis
 Organization
 Metabolism
 Growth and Develop
 Adaptation and Evolution
 Response to stimuli
 Reproduction

2. Read the following text!

1) Energy is required for all life processes.
2) The process of using energy is called cell respiration.

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 3) Most plants and some unicellular organisms use energy from
sunlight to create their own food to fuel cell processes
(photosynthesis).
4) Organisms that cannot make their own food get energy by
consuming other organisms. These organisms are known as
producers or autotrophs.
The true statements about all living things require energy is ….
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 3 and 4
3. Herons are birds that eat fish.

The picture shows how the heron is adapted to hunt and catch its own
food. Write ways in which the heron is adapted.

 Life organization
4. Match this following terms with the suitable picture.
Picture
No Terms
Number
1. Distinct group of individuals, whether that group
comprises a nation or a group of people with a
common characteristic. In statistics, a population is the
pool of individuals from which a statistical sample is
drawn for a study.
2. A self-contained group of tissues that performs a
specific function in the body.
3. An electrically neutral group of two or more atoms
held together by chemical bonds.

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 Picture
No Terms
Number
4. Community of various plants and animals, that inhabit
a particular type of geographic region of Earth
5. Biological system consisting of a group of organs that
work together to perform one or more functions, each
has a specialized role in a plant or animal body, and is
made up of distinct tissues.
6. Subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs
to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the
body.
7. Smallest unit into which matter can be divided without
the release of electrically charged particles.
8. Geographic area where plants, animals, and other
organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work
together to form a bubble of life. contain biotic or
living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving
parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other
organisms.
9. Very large molecule, such as a protein. They are
composed of thousands of covalently bonded atoms.
10 Group of interacting organisms that may be of the
same species or not as long as they share a common
habitat.
11. Group of cells that have similar structure and that
function together as a unit. A nonliving material, called
the intercellular matrix, fills the spaces between the
cells.
12. Living thing that has an organized structure, can react
to stimuli, reproduce, grow, adapt, and
maintain homeostasis.
13. The basic membrane-bound unit that contains the
fundamental molecules of life and of which all living
things are composed.

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 Picture

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13. 14. 15 16.

For Your Information

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Cell
5. Match the following statement with the organelles which has a role
play at that process.
Statements Organelles

1. Process of frogs loosing tail when its mature. A. Cytoplasm

2. The process of mother to inheritance the B. Mitochondria

intelligence to her son or daughter.
3. Process to produce nutrition of the green C. Nucleus
plants.
4. The un normal growth of cell division D. Chloroplast

E. Lysosome

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 For Your Information

6. Look at picture below

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 Conclude why the both of cell above has different shape by choosing
the following true statements.
A. Epithelial cell has non rigid cell shape to make it easy to move, but
garlic cell has rigid cell to make it strong.
B. Garlic cell as a plant cell has cell wall to make it has fixed shape.
While the epithelial cell of human doesn’t have cell wall so it is
become unfixed shape.
C. Epithelial cell of human has cell wall so it has fixed shape, while
garlic cell doesn’t have cell wall so it has unfixed shape.
D. Epithelial cell of human doesn’t have cell wall so the shape is more
flexible but garlic cell has cell wall to make it become rigid to
support the structure of plant.

7. Look at picture below.

The true statement based on the figure is . . .

A. Part G has function to protection and give shape and also turgidity.

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 B. Part I store cell sap which may be liquid or solifd food, toxic by
product, provide rigidity and turgidity to plant cell.
C. Part N function are modification, packaging, and transport of
materials.
D. Part I generally plays an important role as a place for plant
photosynthesis to take place.

Tissue
8. Match the following statement with the suitable tissue picture.

Terms Picture
Composed of cells that have 1. A.
the special ability to shorten or
contract in order to produce
movement of the body parts.
The tissue is highly cellular and
is well supplied with blood
vessels.
group of tissues that maintain 2. B.
the form of the body and its
organs and provide cohesion
and internal support. It’s
supports, protects, and gives
structure to other tissues and
organs in the body.
type of body tissue that forms 3. C.
the covering on all internal
and external surfaces of your
body, lines body cavities and
hollow organs and is the major
tissue in glands.

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 Terms Picture
It is responsible for 4. D.
coordinating and controlling
many body activities. It
stimulates muscle contraction,
creates an awareness of the
environment, and plays a
major role in emotions,
memory, and reasoning.
E.

For Your Information

Tissue is groups of similar cells carrying out similar or related functions.

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9. Look at picture below

Stomata are tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas
exchange. Stomata are typically found in plant leaves but can also be
found in some stems. Specialized cells known as guard cells surround
stomata and function to open and close stomatal pores. Stomata allow
a plant to take in carbon dioxide, which is needed for photosynthesis.
They also help to reduce water loss by closing when conditions are hot

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 or dry. Stomata look like tiny mouths which open and close as they assist
in transpiration.

Now, look at picture below.

The true statements are . . .

A. Picture A can adapt to dry climates, they have various
modifications to reduce transpiration, one of which is the stomata
are concentrated on the lower surface of the leaves, often located
in grooves to protect the stomata from dry winds to reduce
transpiration.
B. Picture B have various modifications to increase transpiration. They
have many stomata located on the leaf surface. It aims to increase
the rate of plant transpiration and remove excess water in the body
by evaporation.
C. Picture A can adapt to dry climates with stomata scattered on the
top and bottom of the leaves so as to reduce transpiration. So that
plant on picture A can maintain their moisture.
D. Picture B can adapt to a wet climate with stomata scattered on the
top and bottom of the leaves so as to reduce drought. So that plant
on picture B can maintain their moisture.

Organ and Organ System

10. Match the statement with the picture

Picture
No Statement
Number
1. A hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis
between the bladder and rectum.

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 2. Long, continuous tube running from the stomach to
the anus. Most absorption of nutrients and water
happen in here.
3. Long pipe-like structure arising from the medulla
oblongata, consisting of a collection of nerve fiber,
running through the vertebral column of the
backbone. It is segmented with a pair of roots.
4. Two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a
fist. Located just below the rib cage, one on each side
of spine. Filter about a half blood, removing wastes
and extra water.

A B C D E

For Your Information

 Organ: Structure composed of one or more types of tissues. The

tissues of an organ work together to perfume a specific function.
Human organs include the brain, stomach, kidney, and liver. Plant
organs include roots, stems, and leaves.
 Organ system: Group of organs that work together to perform a
certain function. Examples of organ systems in a human include the
skeletal, nervous, and reproductive systems.

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11. Look at the following picture!

The true statements based on the picture is …

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 A. Organ A remove acid that is produced by the cells of your body
and maintain a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals such
as sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium in your blood.
B. Organ B regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes
a product called bile.
C. Organ C produces various substances that carry messages to other
parts of the body, and plays an important role in fighting germs and
regulating the body's water balance.
D. Organ D receiving deoxygenated blood and carrying metabolic
waste products from the body and pumping it to the lungs for
oxygenation.

Organism, Population, Community

12. Look at picture below Match the picture with the suitable statement

Match the picture with the suitable statement

Picture
No Statement
Number
1. The complex of living organisms, their physical
environment, and all their interrelationships in a
particular unit of space.
2. Distinct group of individuals, whether that group
comprises a nation or a group of people with a
common characteristic

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 Picture
No Statement
Number
3. Narrow zone on the surface of the earth where soil,
water, and air combine to sustain life. Characterized
as an area that contains all living organisms and the
products of their activities
4. A body made up of organs, organelles, or other
parts that work together to carry on the various
processes of life.
5. Community of various plants and animals, that
inhabit a particular type of geographic region of
Earth.
6. Group of interacting organisms that may be of the
same species or not as long as they share a common
habitat.

For Your Information

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13. Look at picture below

Biosphere consist of Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Lithosphere. The

right statement about the important of Lithosphere is …

A. The lithosphere protects and sustains the planet's inhabitants by

providing warmth and absorbing harmful rays. In addition to
containing the oxygen and carbon dioxide, which living things
need to survive.
B. The lithosphere is a prime source of humidity and precipitation, have
a moderating effect on the climate of coastal regions, home to a
great variety of marine life, can be harnessed to generate energy,
serve as a means of transport, and salts and minerals dissolved in
them are economically important.
C. The lithosphere serves as a minerals supply the basic materials
required for making a variety of commodities, which man uses daily,
major source of fuels such as coal, petroleum and a natural gas.
Without these fuels human life, as we know it today, would have
been impossible.
D. The lithosphere serves as a minerals supply the basic materials
required for making a variety of commodities, containing the
oxygen and carbon dioxide, and can be harnessed to generate
energy. Without it human life would have been impossible.

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Component of Ecosystem

14. Look at picture below

Match the picture with the suitable statement

No Statement Picture
Number
1. Something that feeds on dead organisms and as a
result, produces soil nutrients.
2. The major source of energy for organisms and the
ecosystems of which they are a part.
3. Those that use photosynthesis to capture energy by
using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create
carbohydrates, and then use that energy to create
more complex molecules like proteins, lipids and
starches that are crucial to life processes.
4. Organisms big enough to obtain energy by feeding off
lower-level consumers.

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For Your Information

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15. The following pictures show two trophic levels.

If the energy from the sun for ecosystem A is 4.000 J and ecosystem B is
40.000 J. Choose the following true statements.
A. The secondary consumers in ecosystem B receives more energy than
primary consumers of ecosystem
B. The group of snakes in ecosystem B receives more energy than the
tertiary consumers in ecosystem A.
C. The primary consumers in ecosystem B receives same energy with the
producers in ecosystem A.
D. The energy that is received by the top trophic levels in ecosystem A
and B is same

WATER CYCLE

16. Look at picture below.

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Match the statements to the following left and right rectangles. Connect
the two rectangles with a straight line.

1. The release of water molecules as a result of a. Condensation

metabolism from plants.

2. Changes in water from gas to liquid, forms b. Transpiration

black clouds that are ready to fall as rain
when it reaches saturation point.

3. Cooling and the addition of water vapor, so c. Evaporation

that the water that forms clouds reaches a
saturation point. The more water vapor that
forms in the atmosphere, the more and
heavier the water droplets in the clouds.
When the clouds are not able to
accommodate the amount of water that is
formed, then the water will be released in
the form of rain.

4. Process of water from seas, rivers, lakes, and d. Precipitation

other water bodies become water vapor
and go to the atmosphere.

e. Infiltration

For Your Information

The hydrological cycle also known as the water cycle, is a water

circulation that describes the movement of water molecules (H₂O) from
the atmosphere to the earth and vice versa, which never stops so as to
form a circular series of water molecules traveling on earth called a
cycle.

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17. look at picture below

Based on picture, the best conclusion about land condition after heavy rain
are . . .
A. In land like picture A after heavy rain there is no possibility a flood.
Because still there are many trees to absorb the water rainwater. Soil
absorption is influenced by several things, it can be due to the type of
land use, soil moisture content, or green areas overgrown with trees. The
rest of water that cannot be absorbed by the soil will flow to a lower place
and enter a small channel or drainage system.
B. In land like picture A after heavy rain there is possibility a flood. Because
there are enough trees to absorb the water rainwater. Soil absorption is

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 influenced by several things, it can be due to the type of land use, soil
moisture content, or green areas overgrown with trees. The rest of water
that cannot be absorbed by the soil will flow to a lower place and enter
a small channel or drainage system.
C. In land like picture B after heavy rain there is possibility a flood. Because
there are no trees to absorb the water rainwater. Soil absorption is small,
the lack of green areas overgrown with trees. This water that is not
absorbed by the soil will flow to a lower place and enter into small
channels or drainage systems that usually exist in settlements. If the
drainage is not good, the water cannot be absorbed by the soil and
causes flooding in the area.
D. In land like picture B after heavy rain there is a little possibility a flood.
Because even though there are no trees to absorb the water rainwater,
the land in picture B still has absorption for the water. The water that
cannot be absorbed by the soil will flow to drainage system.

18. Precipitation is the process when the water in the clouds gets too heavy,
the water falls back to the earth. There are some kinds of precipitation in
this earth. Match the following types of precipitation, characteristics, and
phenomena pictures.

Precipitation Pictures Characteristics

types
Snow 1 A a Frozen precipitation
melts and reaches the
ground

Freezing rain 2 B b Frozen precipitation

melts in warm air then
falls and freezes on
cold surface

Sleet 3 C c Frozen precipitation

melts in shallow warm
air. Then refreeze
before reaching the
surface.

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 Rain 4 D d It falls through cold air
and reaches the surface

e Snowflakes collide
with supercool water
droplets creating a
fragile structure in
place of a defined
crystal

19. In a small village, it is very difficult to get clean and pure water for drinking,
cooking, washing, take a bath weather take ablution for pray, so a teacher
gave an instruction for her students to make an experiment about water
purifier. Then applicate it when it works.

Before they do this experiment, they have to make the experimental design.
The experimental design must be consisting of:
 Title
 Problem formulation
 Purpose
 Apparatus and materials
 Steps

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CARBON CYCLE

20. Look at picture below

Match the label in the picture with the suitable statement.

Label
No Statement in the
picture
1. Carbon moves from the atmosphere to organisms. In the
atmosphere, carbon is attached to oxygen in a gas called
carbon dioxide (CO2). Through the process, carbon
dioxide is pulled from the air to produce food made from
carbon for plant growth.
2. Carbon moves from living things to the atmosphere. Each
time you exhale, you are releasing carbon dioxide gas
(CO2) into the atmosphere. Cell that doesn’t has
chlorophyll need to get rid of carbon dioxide gas through
a process.
3. Carbon moves from fossil fuels to the atmosphere when
fuels are burned. When humans burn fossil fuels to power
factories, power plants, cars and trucks, most of the carbon
quickly enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas.
4. Carbon moves from plants and animals to soils. When
plants and animals die, their bodies, wood and leaves

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 bringing the carbon into the ground. Some is buried and
will become fossil fuels in millions and millions of years.

For Your Information

The carbon cycle is nature's way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from
the atmosphere into organisms in the Earth and then back into the
atmosphere over and over again. Most carbon is stored in rocks and
sediments, while the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere, and living
organisms.

21. Look at picture below

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 Based on the picture, the true conclusion about the environmental health
in area like picture 1 and picture 2 due to the carbon dioxide released are
...
A. Areas like picture 1 have an unbalanced carbon cycle because the
human population living there is very dense and is not matched by the
presence of green plants. As a result, carbon dioxide produced from
human and animal populations is not much bound or fixed by green
plants. The carbon dioxide produced will accumulate in the area,
causing the air to become hot and humid. In addition, oxygen levels
are also low due to the absence of almost no green plants. Low oxygen
levels and humid air can cause many diseases and affect the health of
its citizens.
B. Areas like picture 2 have a more balanced carbon cycle because the
human population living there is less dense and there are still lots of
green plants. Only a small amount of carbon dioxide is produced
because the human and animal populations are also small. There is
more oxygen produced there than carbon dioxide, which causes the
air there to be cold. So that the health of residents in this area is not
good. Residents often feel cold at night.
C. Areas like picture 1 have an unbalanced carbon cycle because the
human population living there is very dense and is not matched by the
presence of green plants. As a result, carbon dioxide produced from
human and animal populations is not much bound or fixed by green
plants. The carbon dioxide produced will accumulate in the area,
causing the air to become hot and humid. But the air in this area is still
cool because not many tall buildings and factories have been built.
D. Areas like picture 2 have a more balanced carbon cycle because the
human population living there is less dense and there are still lots of
green plants. Carbon dioxide produced by human and animal
populations can be maximally bound or fixed by green plants.
Furthermore, plants will produce oxygen. A lot of oxygen will make
people live healthy. The temperature there is also cooler because the
carbon dioxide is not high.

22. Theoretically in the experiment, the blown air contains carbon dioxide, the
carbon dioxide contained in the blown air will react with calcium hydroxide

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in lime water and produce calcium carbonate, a compound that causes
lime water to become cloudy. If during the experiment the lime water
becomes cloudy, it is proven that the blown air contains carbon dioxide.
Before doing this experiment, you have to make an experimental design
first so that the experiment can run well. The experimental design made
must consist of:
 Title
 Problem Formulation
 Purpose
 Hypothesis
 Variables (Manipulation, control, response)
 Apparatus and Materials
 Steps

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