ASSESSMENT TASK SHEET

Engineering and Technology

COLLEGE
1st Term; Academic Year 2023-2024

Course Code: GEC 316

Course Title: Readings in Philippine History with Philippine Constitution
Assessment Task No.:

Group Members
MANALTAG, Kyle Joy L.
CABROYON, Bhea P.
TUGUINAY, Princes
ANGAWA, Ezra James

KALINGA
 ASSESSMENT TASK SHEET
Engineering and Technology
COLLEGE
1st Term; Academic Year 2023-2024

Kalinga as a political domain was non-existent during the 300 years of Spanish colonial
rule. Spanish writers towards the 18th century merely noted that there were inhabitants of the
mountain region at the central dorsal expanse of what the Spaniards called the Gran Cordillera
(mountains) of Luzon. The name “Kalinga” apparently is not indigenous to the present Kalinga
constituency since the word is traced to “Gaddang” dialect.

The name referred to the mountaineers on the eastern side of Gran Cordillera who, during
those years of Spanish occupation of the Cagayan Valley, pestered lowlanders with their head-
hunting raids. Kalinga as name stuck with those mountain dwellers occupying now the territory
of Kalinga Province.

Kalinga was first organized as a political realm under the American political rule when
Mountain Province was created by the Philippine Commission Act 1876 on August 18, 1912. It
was one of the five sub-provinces then of Mountain Province when it was divided into several,
sub-provincial units along ethnic lines.

By an act of Congress, Kalinga was lumped with Apayao as one separate province by RA
5695 which divided Mountain Province into four sub provinces on June 18, 1966. Kalinga
became a separate province by virtue of RA 7878 which divided the Kalinga-Apayao provinces
into two in 1992.

The province is constituted by eight municipalities namely, Balbalan, Pasil Lubugan,

Pinukpuk, Rizal, Tabuk, Tanudan and Tinglayan. Tabuk is the capital town.

The Kalinga people have a reputation for being “the strong people of the Cordilleras.” At
the same time, Kalinga’s greatly value family and kinship; thus, the household, extended
household of the kinship circle, and territorial region are significant units of Kalinga society. In
the past, they gained leadership and respect through headhunting, along with other skills at which
an individual excelled. Their neighbors and even invaders feared them due to their as
headhunters. In fact, the name Kalinga, which originated from the Gaddang and Ibanag
languages, means “headhunter.”

The Kalinga’s are a proud people and well known for their intricate hand-woven textiles
and beautiful and colorful beaded jewelry. In every celebration, they incorporate dance and
traditional music as a form of thanksgiving and cultural preservation.

The Kalingas are divided geographically into the following:

Butbut Kalinga The Butbut Kalinga reside in Tinglayan, Kalinga. Farming is their main source
of livelihood, as the province has a rugged and mountainous topography.
 ASSESSMENT TASK SHEET
Engineering and Technology
COLLEGE
1st Term; Academic Year 2023-2024

Limos Kalinga Also known as the Northern Kalinga and Limos-Liwan Kalinga, the Limos
Kalinga live in Kalinga Province.
Lower Tanudan Kalinga The Lower Tanudan Kalinga are found in the southern part of
Kalinga. Their language, which is most intelligible with that of the Limos Kalinga, has three
dialects: Minangali, Tinaloctoc, and Pinangol.
Lubuagan Kalinga Kalinga, a landlocked province in the northernmost area of the Cordillera
Region, is bounded by the provinces of Cagayan and Apayao in the north; Mount Province in the
south; and Abra in the west. The larger elements of Cagayan and Isabela are found on its eastern
part. The Kalinga Lubuagan inhabit the Kalinga and Apayao provinces; their language
widespread and used in almost all the municipalities of Kalinga, and has five dialects. Kalinga
originated from the Gaddang and Ibanag languages meaning, “headhunter”. In the days gone by,
headhunting was once regarded a noble “pursuit” and symbolized bravery. Theirs was a warrior
society that accorded tatoos as status symbols awarded to warriors which men respected and
women admired. Thus, warriors, mingol, enjoyed a higher status in Kalinga society. The bodong,
a peace-pact in Kalinga culture was an indigenous socio-political system that defined inter-tribal
relationships. It was developed to minimize traditional warfare and headhunting, as well as,
served as an institutional ‘renewal’; maintenance, and reinforcement of social ties. Later, bodong
was expanded into a multi-lateral peace-pact intended to strengthen unity in the Cordilleras.
Dance was an integral element of Kalinga Lubuagan culture. In keeping with its warrior heritage,
Takiling, represented a homecoming of successful kayaw or head-taking, done to avenge the
death or evil done to a family member or relative. Mingols were honored by their female
relatives with gift of lawi feather, bongon (beads), and colorful ba-ag (g-strings). Victory songs
were sung by villagers and the mingols danced with closed fists while the unsuccessful mingols
were demoted to playing the gangsas, gongs. Ngilin was a marriage dance performed during
rituals and celebrations, such as the budong; the choreography simulated the courting
interactions between a rooster and hen. The most popular was the Tadjok which was performed
by the tribe to commemorate grand feats, rituals, and social gatherings. The men showcased
strength and virility, whereas the the women conveyed grace and sensuality, as they mimicked
high-flying birds.

Mabaka Valley Kalinga The Mabaka Valley Kalingas, who inhabit the southeastern part of
Kalinga, are also known as the Kal-Uwan, Mabaka, and Mabaka Itneg.

Madukayang Kalinga The Madukayang Kalinga are concentrated in southern Mountain

Province. Their language is mutually intelligible with Limos Kalinga and Balangao (83%.)

Southern Kalinga There are about 13 villages in Kalinga province where Southern Kalinga live.
Their dialects include Sumadel-Tinglayan Kalinga, Malango, and Bangad.
 ASSESSMENT TASK SHEET
Engineering and Technology
COLLEGE
1st Term; Academic Year 2023-2024

Upper Tanudan Kalinga The Upper Tanudan Kalingas reside in the southern part of Tanudan
Valley in Kalinga Province, not too far from Mountain Province.

KALINGA TRADITION AND CULTURE

Kalinga culture is known for its intricate body art, traditional clothing, and music. The
people of Kalinga are famous for their intricate tattoos, which are considered a sign of bravery
and status. These tattoos are often found on the arms, legs, chest, and face, and are believed to
have magical powers that protect the wearer.
The Kalinga province of the Philippines is known for its rich and diverse culture, which
includes traditional clothing that is unique and colorful. The traditional clothing of the Kalinga
people reflects their history, beliefs, and way of life.

Accessories are an important part of traditional Kalinga clothing. Both men and women
wear jewelry, including bracelets, necklaces, and earrings made from beads, shells, and silver.
Men also wear a belt made from animal hide or woven fabric, while women wear a woven belt
called a hakut. Both men and women also wear woven bags or pouches, which are often
decorated with beads or embroidery.

The tattoo is another important aspect of Kalinga culture,

particularly among women. The traditional tattoo, known
 ASSESSMENT TASK SHEET
Engineering and Technology
COLLEGE
1st Term; Academic Year 2023-2024

as “batok”, is done using a thorn and a bamboo stick. The designs are intricate and unique to
each individual and are seen as a symbol of beauty, courage, and strength.

The Living National Treasure of Kalinga: Apo

Whang-od

Apo Whang-Od is a legendary tattoo artist from the

Kalinga province of the Philippines. She is known
for her traditional tattooing skills and has gained
worldwide recognition for her artistry and
contribution to the preservation of Kalinga culture.

The traditional music of Kalinga is characterized by its unique rhythm and melody. The
traditional music of Kalinga is an important part of their cultural heritage and serves as a means
of preserving their history and traditions. The music is often played during special occasions
such as weddings, funerals, and festivals, and serves as a symbol of the community’s unity and
cultural identity. It is also an important source of entertainment and enjoyment and is enjoyed by
people of all ages. (https://www.judethetourist.com/kalinga-traditionheritage-of-cordillera/ )
Kalinga is both a land of legend and mystery. It depicts stories of struggles, unity, and
peace. For centuries, the valiant I-Kalinga defended their land and water from corporate
aggression. Their victory against the famous Chico River dam rings hope and inspiration among
indigenous peoples (IPs) worldwide. But there is more to Kalinga. It is also a land of untold
beauty and bounty.
Kalinga province tourist spots.
 Binasalan Falls
 Sulfur Hills
 Lubo and Mangali Rice Terraces
 Mt. Matingoy (sleeping Beauty
Mountain)
 Palang-ah Falls

 Dulag Historical Marker

 Guinaang Village