TSS Civil Section 08 Trenchless Pipeline Installation R3

TECHNICAL STANDARD
SPECIFICATION – CIVIL
Section 08 – Trenchless Pipeline
Installation
Document No: AM-ENG-SS-02-08
Issue Date: 29/09/2016
Revision: 03
The content of this document material is a property of Haya Water. No part of this document in whole or in part,
may be reproduced in any form, by photocopy, microfilm, scanning or any other means, or incorporated into any
information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of Haya water Management.
Document No: AM-ENG-SS-02-08 Issue Date: 29/09/2016
Classification: Restricted Revision: 03
Contents of HAYA Water Technical Standards:
Sr. No Document Title Revision No Revision date
1 HAYA Water Design Manual 03 31/12/2015
2 HAYA Water Standard Specifications 03 31/12/2015

Civil
Mechanical
Electrical
ICA
3 HAYA Water Standard Details 03 29/09/2016
Document Prepared by Document Reviewed by
HAYA Water
M/s Halcrow on Behalf of Haya Water Asset Management / Projects / O&M
Page 2 of 33 Standard Specifications

Controlled version of this document is available in CMS. Any printed copies are uncontrolled
Classification: Restricted Revision: 03
i Document Authorisation
This document is authorized for issue.
Document Approval Authority

General Manager Asset Management
Suleiman Al Qasmi
ii Revision History
The following is a brief summary of the most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions prior
to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Revisio
Date Scope / Remarks
n No.
0 13/04/2006 Document approved and issued
01 01/06/2008 To incorporate Tender Board and Veolia comments
02 31/12/2010 To incorporate latest changes as per current International standards.
03 29/09/2016 Updated as part of the Haya Water Technical Standards Upgrading project

Classification: Revision: 03
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i Document Authorisation .................................................................................................. 3
ii Revision History................................................................................................................ 3
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 6
1.1. Purpose ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.2. Scope .......................................................................................................................... 6
1.3. Distribution/Target Audience .................................................................................... 7
1.4. Definitions .................................................................................................................. 7
1.5. Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 7
1.6. Standard reference .................................................................................................... 9
2. General ..........................................................................................................................12
2.1. Temporary Works ......................................................................................................12
3. Safety and Environment ..............................................................................................13
3.1. Regulations ...............................................................................................................13
3.2. Safety Procedure on the Site ...................................................................................13
3.3. Traffic and Public Relationship Management Plan .................................................13
3.4. Safety Work Practice ................................................................................................13
4. Quality Management ....................................................................................................15
4.1. Warranty ....................................................................................................................15
4.2. Personnel ..................................................................................................................15
5. Submittals .....................................................................................................................16
5.1. Material ......................................................................................................................16
5.2. Equipment .................................................................................................................16
5.3. Structural Design Calculations ................................................................................16
5.4. Operation Procedures ..............................................................................................16
6. Materials Specifications ...............................................................................................18
6.1. General ......................................................................................................................18
6.2. Grouting/Lubrication and Conditioning Agents......................................................19
6.3. Concrete Encased GRP Jacking Pipe .....................................................................19
6.4. Centrifugal Casting GRP Pipe ..................................................................................20
6.5. Precast Concrete Pipe ..............................................................................................20
6.6. Polyester resin concrete (PRC) Polymer Concrete Pipe (Polycrete Pipe) ............20
7. Delivery, Handling, and Damaged Pipes .....................................................................21
7.1. Delivery......................................................................................................................21

7.2. Handling ....................................................................................................................21

7.3. Damaged Pipes .........................................................................................................21
8. Execution ......................................................................................................................22
8.1. General: .....................................................................................................................22
8.2. Pipe Jacking Operation ............................................................................................22
8.3. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) .......................................................................29
8.4. Horizontal Directional Drilling Operation – Execution ...........................................31
9. As-Built Drawings.........................................................................................................33
10. Leakage criteria and classes of tunnel ....................................................................33
10.1. Hydrostatic Test ....................................................................................................33

1. Introduction
1.1. Purpose
The purpose of this document is to communicate the technical requirements and preferences
related to the trenchless installation of Haya Water sewage and treated effluent pipes.
The Specification indicates the guidelines and minimum requirements for trenchless pipeline
installations and it is the responsibility of the contractor to verify the site data and submit appropriate
design and methodology accordingly.
1.2. Scope
i. This Specification covers the following trenchless pipe installation methods:
a) Pipe jacking (PJ) method
b) Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) method
ii. This Specification shall be read in conjunction with Haya Water Civil, Mechanical, and
Instrumentation Control and Automation (ICA) Technical Standards, Haya Water Wastewater
Design Manual, and Haya Water Standard Detail Drawings.
iii. This Specification shall be read in conjunction with “Specification for tunnelling-latest edition”
(British Tunnelling Society & Institution of Civil Engineers). The Contractor shall comply with the
BTS Specification and this Specification for the Works. Clauses of this Specification take
precedence over clauses in the BTS Specification unless noted otherwise.
iv. When HDD operation is considered, this Specification shall be read in conjunction with the Unified
Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) latest edition, Division 33 “Utilities” Section 33 05 23.13
“Utility Horizontal Directional Drilling”, published by the American Whole Building Design Guide
(WBDG).
v. In general, the Contractor shall perform trenchless operation so as not to interfere with, interrupt,
or endanger surface and activity thereon, and minimise subsidence of surface, structures, and
utilities above and near pipeline.
vi. The Contractor shall be responsible for the selection of the appropriate excavation method.
vii. The Contractor shall furnish labour, equipment, material, and all requirements necessary to
complete pipe installation Works with the selected excavation method. The finished Works include
proper installation testing, restoration of underground utilities, and environmental protection and
restoration.
viii. Product pipes that are indicated in the Contract documents to be constructed “Open trench” are
not covered by this Specification.
ix. Any lengths of pipe indicated in the Project Documents to be constructed “in trench” shall be
constructed by trenchless methods at no additional cost, subject to the approval in writing of the
Engineer. The Contractor shall not be permitted to construct in trench any pipelines indicated to be
constructed by one of the aforementioned trenchless methods.
x. Strict adherence to all requirements of this Specification shall be maintained at all times and in all
circumstances which comply with the previously described scope.

1.3. Distribution/Target Audience

This document is issued for use by concerned Haya Water Asset Management and Operations
employees, Consultants, Owner Representatives/Engineers, and Contractors.
1.4. Definitions
i. Where definitions are not provided within this Specification they shall generally be those contained
in BS 6100.
ii. Definitions for tunnelling terms are contained in BS 6100: Part 3: Building and Civil Engineering
Vocabulary – Civil Engineering – General, Section 6.0 – Tunnels, Shafts and Caissons.
iii. All references to the Contractor in the following clauses of this Specification shall be deemed to
include the subcontractor.
iv. Client/Owner: Oman Wastewater Services Company (Haya Water) for whom the Works are to be
undertaken
v. Owner Representative/Engineer: The firm or company named in the Contract as appointed by
the Client to supervise and administer the Contract
vi. Consultant: The firm or company selected by the Client to prepare the Particular Specification (the
Contract Documents) for a given project
vii. Contractor: The company or organisation responsible for the construction of the Works and who
have entered into a Contract with the Client
viii. Site: The land allocated for the Work
ix. Project Documents: All documents associated with and applicable to the Contract
x. Particular Specification: The Specification associated with the Contract and prepared at the time
of the project by the Engineer specifically for that application
xi. Technical definitions related to this Specification are to be found within the appropriate technical
clauses in the document.
1.5. Abbreviations
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASTM ASTM International (formerly American Society for Testing and

Materials)
AWWA American Water Works Association

BTS British Tunnelling Society
SDR Standard Dimension Ratio
DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas und Wasserfaches

FAC Factory Acceptance Certificate
GRP Glass-Reinforced Plastic
HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling

HDPE High-Density Polyethylene
ID Inside Diameter
IP Ingress Protection
MDF Medium-Density Fibreboard
MGS Magnetic Guidance System
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets

ND Nominal Diameter
PE Polyethylene
PJ Pipe Jacking
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
PVCO Molecularly Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride
TMP Traffic Management Plan

UFGS Unified Facilities Guide Specification
UPR Unsaturated Polyester Resin
WBDG Whole Building Design Guide

Other abbreviations related to this Specification can be found within the appropriate technical
clauses in the document.

Units of Measurement
μm Micrometre
ftlb Foot Pound
m Metre
mm Millimetre
mm/s Millimetre Per Second
MPa Megapascal
Nm Newton metre
N/mm2 Newton Per Square Millimetre
1.6. Standard reference

i. Standards referenced in this document are quoted with the current version as at date of publishing.
Materials, equipment, and methods shall comply with the standards and codes of practice indicated
using the versions that are current at the date for submission of Tenders.
ii. The Contractor shall propose the adoption of alternative standards and shall provide
comprehensive details and explanations with any proposals. The use of alternative standards shall
be subject to the agreement of the Engineer.
iii. In general, standards referenced in this text are included in the BTS Specification Sections 103,
104 and 105. Additional references are listed as follows.
1.6.1. European and British Standards
BS EN 681-1 Elastomeric seals. Material requirements for pipe joint seals used in
water and drainage applications. Vulcanised rubber.
BS EN 682 Elastomeric seals. Materials requirements for seals used in pipes and
fittings carrying gas and hydrocarbon fluids.
BS EN 14364 Plastics piping systems for drainage and sewerage with or without
pressure. Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on
unsaturated polyester resin (UP). Specification for pipes, fittings, and
joints.
BS 7874 Method of test for microbiological deterioration of elastomeric seals for

joints in pipework and pipelines.
Eurocode 1 Basis of design and actions on structures
Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures

Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures
Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design
Eurocode 8 Design of structures for earthquake resistance

1.6.2. American Standards
ASTM A 276 Standard specification for stainless steel bars and shapes
ASTM C33 Standard specification for concrete aggregates
ASTM C 117 Standard test method for materials finer than 75 μm (No. 200) sieve
in mineral aggregates by washing
ASTM C 136 Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse
aggregates
ASTM C 581 Standard practice for determining chemical resistance of

thermosetting resins used in glass fibre reinforced structures
intended for liquid service
ASTM C579 Standard test method for compressive strength of chemical resistant
mortars, grouts, monolithic surfacing, and polymer concretes
ASTM C 828 Standard test method for low pressure air test of vitrified clay pipe
lines
ASTM C 969 Standard practice for infiltration and exfiltration acceptance testing of
installed pre-cast concrete pipe sewer lines
ASTM C 1208 Standard specification for vitrified clay pipe and joints for use in
micro-tunnelling, slip-lining, pipe bursting, and tunnels
ASTM C 1244 Standard test method for concrete sewer manholes by the negative
air pressure (vacuum) test prior to backfill
ASTM D 638 Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics
ASTM D 1248 Standard specification for polyethylene (PE) plastics extrusion

materials for wire and cable
ASTM D 3261 Standard specification for butt heat fusion PE plastic fittings for PE
plastic pipe and tubing
ASTM D 2122 Standard test method for determining dimensions of thermoplastic

pipe and fittings
ASTM D 2584 Test method for ignition loss of cured reinforced resins
ASTM D 3681 Test method for chemical resistance of fibreglass pipe in deflected
position
ASTM D 4161 Standard specification for fibreglass (glass fibre reinforced

thermosetting resin) pipe joints using flexible elastomeric seals
ASTM D 6783 Standard specification for polymer concrete pipe
ASTM F 477 Specification for elastomeric seals (gaskets) for joining plastic pipe
ASTM F 1962 Standard guide for use of maxi horizontal directional drilling for
placement of polyethylene pipe or conduit under obstacles, including
river crossings

AWWA C 207-7 Steel pipe flanges for waterworks service sizes 4 inch through 144
inch (100 through 3,600 mm)
AWWA C 600 Standard for installation of ductile-iron mains and their
appurtenances
AWWA C 605 Standard for underground installation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and
molecularly oriented polyvinyl chloride (PVCO) pressure pipe and
fittings
Source: Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), “Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe,” Chapter 9:

Polyethylene Pipe Joining Procedures
1.6.3. German Standards
DIN 54815-1 and 2 Pipes Made of Filled Polyester Resin Moulding Materials
DIN 16946-2 Cured Casting Resins, Types
(DVGW) W 304 “Pipe Jacking and Related Method”
(DVGW) W 312 “Static computation of jacking pipes”

2. General
The contractor is responsible to carry out related risk management and safety measures in
accordance to BTS Code of risk management BTS Specification, Section 107.2., and Haya Water
Safety Standards.
2.1. Temporary Works

i. The Contractor shall provide, maintain, and remove on completion all Temporary Works, as
necessary for the execution of the Works. The Contractor shall be deemed to have included in his
budget the cost of carrying out these Temporary Works, except where the cost of such Works is
specifically provided for in the Bill of Quantities. Temporary Works shall be carried out only in
accordance with drawings agreed upon by the Engineer.
ii. The term “Temporary Works” refers solely and exclusively to all other ancillary and necessary
Works required to undertake the Works, but excluding all the Works related to the excavation and
structures initial support as proposed and defined in the Contract Drawings.
iii. Detailed drawings and calculations for all Temporary Works, including protective shields, support
for excavations, and false Works and formworks for cast in situ concrete, shall be submitted by the
Contractor to the Engineer at least 28 days, or such other time as the Engineer shall decide, before
the Engineer's consent is required. Erection of any part of the Temporary Works shall not be
commenced until the Engineer's consent for that part has been given. All temporary structures shall
be properly designed, in accordance with the relevant standards, to carry the loads which they will
be called upon to support.
iv. The design of the Temporary Works shall take full account of the proposed construction method.
The Temporary Works drawings and calculations shall demonstrate the adequacy of the proposed
construction method at each construction stage.
v. The design of Temporary Works shall take account of all the applied external forces and imposed
structural deformations and, additionally for underground Works, the effects of removal of load from
the ground, the movement of the ground, and the movement of the ground independent of the load.
vi. Acceptance by the Engineer of the detailed drawings and calculations of temporary structures in
no way relieves the Contractor from any responsibility under the Contract.
vii. The construction of the Temporary Works shall limit ground movement to a minimum around the
Site and avoid damage to adjacent structures.
viii. Any defect which may increase with the time shall be shall be rectified by the contractor.

3. Safety and Environment
3.1. Regulations
i. Contractor shall follow Haya Water HSE manual & procedures.
ii. The Contractor shall carry out all Works to the requirements outlined in all current appropriate
regulations and codes of practice as stated in the BTS Specification, Section 107.2.
iii. The following recognised documents shall form the basis for guidance and development of the
safety plan and site procedures:
a) BS 6164: Code of practice for safety in tunnelling in the construction industry
b) Pipe Jacking Association’s Guide to best practice for the installation of pipe jacks and micro
tunnels
3.2. Safety Procedure on the Site

The Contractor shall develop a safety plan, in accordance with Haya HSE and BTS Specification,
Section 107.6, to encompass all aspects of safety and environmental requirements prior to
commencement of the Works. This plan shall be a working document and be subject to continuous
review throughout the period of the Contract.
3.3. Traffic and Public Relationship Management Plan

i. The Contractor shall undertake Works in accordance with an approved Traffic Management Plan
(TMP). The TMP shall be in accordance with any requirements of the local authority.
ii. The Contractor shall ensure that access is maintained for public and construction traffic. Public
traffic shall be isolated from construction traffic wherever practicable. In areas where access for
public traffic cannot be separated from construction traffic, appropriate traffic measures shall be
clearly identified in the TMP.
iii. The TMP shall clearly identify what traffic control equipment shall be implemented for the duration
of the Works. All traffic control equipment shall be kept in good order to ensure visibility and
reflectivity is maximised for both day and night traffic.
Any bypass roads, detours, and other temporary Works proposed shall be clearly identified in the
TMP. Details of the proposed temporary Works shall be provided to the Client and other relevant
traffic authorities for approval prior to the start of the Works.
3.4. Safety Work Practice

A site safety culture shall be instigated onsite prior to commencement of the Works and be
developed throughout the course of construction. All personnel working or entering the Site shall
be aware of the key safety practice in accordance with the approved site safety plan.
3.4.1. Induction
An induction session shall be given to all operatives and staff, irrespective of their discipline and
experience. This should, in particular, outline all local requirements relating to the Contract, actions
to be taken in event of emergencies, and an overview of the Site and its personnel. The content of
the induction shall be varied to suit the recipients.

3.4.2. Job Descriptions

Each operative shall receive training, together with any appropriate examination or documentation,
to ensure he is completely aware of the requirements of each aspect of his job and the hazards
which are inherent in its execution.
3.4.3. Risk/Hazard Analysis
The Contractor shall produce a risk/hazard analysis of the key elements of the works and utilise
the results of the analysis in reducing such risks that remain to a minimum. Such hazards shall be
communicated to workers through induction, tool box talks, and the like.
3.4.4. Toolbox Talks

Daily safety talks (toolbox talks) shall be conducted by supervisors to each operative before the
commencement of daily Works, and a written record of attendance (and safety topic), agreed upon
with the site manager, shall be submitted to the Engineer. These shall be given at the place of work
when practical.
3.4.5. Plant
Appropriate training and certification shall be given to all operators of plant. This shall be carried
out only by staff competent in the use and hazards associated with the particular item of the plant
concerned.

4. Quality Management
In general, the quality management system, Engineer’s agreement, site records, and as-built
records shall be in accordance with the BTS Specification, Section 108.
Any changes must be expressly approved by the Engineer. Approval of any aspect of any operation
covered by this Specification shall in no way relieve the Contractor of its ultimate responsibility for
the satisfactory completion of the Works authorised under the Contract.
The manufacturer’s premises and methods shall be open to inspection by the Engineer for the
purpose of checking the quality of manufacture. The Contractor shall ensure that all necessary
assistance is provided to the Engineer on each visit.
4.1. Warranty
i. The Contractor shall hand over the completed pipe system, including any protective coatings and
linings, free from defects in materials and workmanship, and guaranteed for the design life of the
structure.
ii. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer with the manufacturer’s guarantee and warranty
certificates for all materials and components used.
iii. If the protective coating and lining system are found to be defective during the warranty period, the
manufacturer and Contractor shall replace or repair the protective coating and lining system to the
satisfaction of the Engineer at no cost to the Client and restart the guarantee.
4.2. Personnel
i. Key personnel, including the Site manager, foreman, shift bosses, surveyor, and engineering staff,
shall have had appropriate previous experience in similar Works. Details shall be submitted for
approval prior to appointed personnel taking up positions onsite. Machine operators shall have a
proven track record of a minimum of 5 years of experience in driving similar equipment in similar
ground conditions.
ii. For PJ and HDD operations, key operatives in each shift crew shall have appropriate prior
experience including documented evidence in their ability to supervise and train the crew in all
aspects of the pipe installation operation.
iii. A sufficient number of competent workers shall be on the Site at all times to ensure that the Works
are made in a timely and satisfactory manner. Adequate personnel for carrying out all phases of
the actual operation must be on the job site at the beginning of the Works.

5. Submittals
The Contractor shall submit the followings for the approval of the Engineer:
5.1. Material
i. Third-party certified quality assurance and control program to BS EN ISO 9001.
ii. Pipe manufacturer’s reference sheets, Specification, and quality assurance certifications.
iii. Pipe manufacturer’s certification of pipe meeting or exceeding the required Specification.
iv. Before delivery of pipes, a certificate issued by the pipe manufacturer shall be provided to the
Engineer to confirm that the pipes comply in all respects with the relevant standards.
v. Before delivery of pipes, a Factory Acceptance Certificate (FAC) shall be submitted.
vi. Detailed information on all proposed drilling fluids, concrete mixes, additives, lubricants, and
conditioning agents. Submittals shall include material safety datasheets on each material, along
with a description of where the material will be used and its purpose in the construction process.
All drilling fluids and lubricants shall be bio-degradable,
5.2. Equipment
i. Full details of selected trenchless method equipment.
ii. Plan at (1:50) scale showing working plant positions, spoil removal facilities, materials storage
facilities, shafts, drilling areas, fencing, offices, discharge lines, groundwater removal facilities and,
in general, all details related to the Site installation.
5.3. Structural Design Calculations

i. Contractor is responsible to provide actual site data to the pipe jacking contractor/ pipe
manufacturer for structural design works. All design calculations related to pipe material and
applied trenchless methodology (pipe jacking) shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval prior
to the commencement of the Works.
ii. All pipe jointing systems shall withstand a minimum external water pressure of 4.0 bar.
5.4. Operation Procedures

i. A detailed schedule for the submission of working drawings and additional specifications for review,
agreed upon with the Engineer.
ii. A detailed working program including production rates estimation.
iii. Full details of procedures and resources that will be employed to carry out the Works, including
method statements and sequences. Procedures include but are not limited to the following:
a) Sequences of operation
b) Establishment of drive line of and elevation at base of shaft
c) Pipe handling and connections
d) Pipe Installation
e) Maintaining line and grade, and re-establishment of line and grade as required

f) Spoil separation, storage, and disposal

g) Slurry injection system details, if required
h) Shafts and pits dewatering and groundwater control including launching seal details (for pipe
jacking method)
i) Number and duration of shifts planned to be worked each day
iv. Details of records and machine protocols to be kept and submitted.
v. Instrumentation and Monitoring Plans for assessing ground movement (settlement or heave) due
to excavation Works including the following:
a) A Surface Settlement Monitoring Plan to be reviewed by the Engineer prior to construction.
Location of settlement of monitoring points shall be identified, as well as reference benchmarks,
survey frequency, procedures, and reporting forms.
b) Pre-construction and post-construction assessment for building and structures located within
the influence zone of the proposed pipe jack and shafts.
vi. All monitoring readings during the operation shall be kept and submitted.
5.4.2. Health and Safety

A Health and Safety Plan for the Works.
5.4.3. Traffic Management

The contractor shall submit the Traffic Management Plan (TMP) at the work locations and shall get
approval from ROP / Muscat Municipality and all relevant authorities.
5.4.4. Engineer Approval of the Submitted Documents

The Contractor shall not commence the Works until he receives the Engineer’s written approval of
the previously described submissions.

6. Materials Specifications
Materials shall be approved by the Engineer prior to execution.
6.1. General
Unless superseded by clauses herein, the jacking pipes shall comply with the requirements of
following Standard / Specifications:
a- Civil Section 04: Sewage and T.E Networks (AM-ENG-SS-02-04).
b- Mechanical Section 06: Pipes and Accessories (AM-ENG-SS-03-06).
c- BTS Specification Section 207
6.1.1. Design
a) The Contractor shall demonstrate that the jacking pipes are designed to resist all loads and
damage from the construction process and stages, including crushing of material due to load
transfer at the joint.
b) In addition of the previously described construction loads, jacking pipe wall thickness shall be
determined by the Contractor considering the following:
 Final in-place loading: dead, live, and seismic loads; temperature gradient and
hydrostatic pressure (if used as a permanent lining)
 Pipe stiffness requirements
 Durability and reliability requirements
c) The proof-design shall be carried out using a design procedure in accordance with BS EN 1916
and complementary standard BS EN 5911-Part in case of RCC pipe and Pipe Jacking
Association’s “Guide to best practice for the installation of pipe jacks and microtunnels”. The
Deutscher Verein des Gas und Wasserfaches (DVGW) Technical Rules GW 312: “Static
Computation of Jacking Pipes”, or other published codes of practice and standards shall be
considered as complimentary reference.
In case of polymer concrete pipe or GRP pipe shall be referred to applicable standards
accordingly. Refer to Mechanical Section 06: Pipes and Accessories (AM-ENG-SS-03-06).
d) The Contractor shall submit all required design calculation for Engineer approval.
e) Jacking pipes shall be designed for 50 years of service life.
f) External pressure test pressure shall be 4 bar.
6.1.2. Product Qualification Test:

Appropriate Qualification Test Records as per this specification and applicable international
standard shall be submitted in case of same design is qualified and used in Haya Water projects
previously.
Otherwise it shall be tested as per this specification and applicable international standard including
followings:
a) Hydrostatic Pressure Test
b) Chemical Resistance Test

c) Joint Tightness Test –As per applicable pipe standard and external pressure test for joint shall
be 4 bar.
Qualification test shall be repeated in case of change of design/ material as applicable.
6.2. Grouting/Lubrication and Conditioning Agents

a) Provision shall be made for the injection of lubricating fluid or grout through pre-formed holes
in the pipe walls. Lubrication holes shall be fitted with non-return valves and sealed steel
tapered threaded plugs. The number of grouting/lubrication holes shall be agreed upon by the
Engineer.
b) The material used for lubrication shall be stored and mixed in a manner recommended by the
supplier.
c) It is the responsibility of the Contractor to assess and allow for the chemical effects, if any, of
gypsum or high salinity ground and groundwater or any contaminated ground encountered (or
both) on his proposed slurry and lubrication fluids and any additives.
d) Inert fillers such as limestone or sand shall be added but no other materials. Where inert fillers
are proposed, the subcontractor shall submit the material type to the Engineer for approval.
e) The term soil conditioning refers to the use of suitable additives (conditioning agents) in various
proportions to alter the soil properties of the excavated spoil such as foams, polymers, and
slurries. The Contractor shall seek compliance with both safety-in-use and disposal regulations.
All conditioners shall be inert and bio-degradable.
f) The manufacturer shall use only resin systems with a proven history of performance in this
particular application. The historical data shall have been acquired from a composite material
with construction and composition similar to the proposed product.
g) Resin additives, such as curing agents, pigments, dyes, fillers, and thixotropic agents, when
used, shall not detrimentally effect the performance of the product.
6.3. Concrete Encased GRP Jacking Pipe

a) Concrete encased GRP jacking pipes shall be a composite of GRP pipes and reinforced
concrete encasement. GRP Pipes shall satisfy requirements contained in Technical Standard
Specification – Mechanical Section 6 – Piping and Accessories (AM-ENG-SS-03-06)- GRP
Pipe
b) The carrier pipe RCC pipe shall be designed and manufactured BS EN 1916, BS EN 5911-1,
and related RCC pipe specifications given in Piping and Accessories (AM-ENG-SS-03-06)- RC
Pipe
c) Nominal Diameter: The Nominal diameter (ND) indicated on the Contract Drawings and
Documents shall mean the inside diameter (ID) of the GRP inner pipe (higher standard
diameter shall be selected in case of ID is lesser then specified).
6.3.1 Packing Material
d) Packers shall be made of medium density fibreboard (MDF) or any material of similar
mechanical properties, subject to the Engineer’s approval.
e) For MDF packers, a thickness between 15 and 19 mm and bending strength of at least 20
N/mm2 are required. The MDF packer shall be fitted to the socket face of each pipe prior to the
pipe being used in the tunnel.

f) The packer, comprising several segments to form the 360 percent annulus, shall be firmly glued
to the socket end and in such manner as to be 15 mm inset from the intrados of the pipe. These
packers shall be fitted on either at the factory or onsite; however, it should be noted that in wet
weather conditions, suitable protection is required in cases of lengthy exposures.
6.4. Centrifugal Casting GRP Pipe

i. Centrifugal casting GRP jacking pipe shall satisfy requirements contained in Technical Standard
Specification – Mechanical Section 6 – Piping and Accessories (AM-ENG-SS-03-06).
ii. Thickness of pipe shall be designed as per site required jacking pipe design.
6.5. Precast Concrete Pipe

Reinforced concrete jacking pipe shall be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of
Technical Standard Specification – Mechanical Section 6 – Piping and Accessories (AM-ENG-SS-
03-06), BS EN 1916, BS EN 5911-1, and the following additional requirements.
a) All jacking pipes shall have a coated steel reinforcing ring on the socket end to prevent cracking
and spalling of the concrete.
b) Configuration of the joints shall be altered as necessary to accommodate design requirements.
c) Reinforcing steel and concrete strength shall be as required by design.
d) Thickness of pipe shall be designed as per site required jacking pipe design.
6.6. Polyester resin concrete (PRC) Polymer Concrete Pipe (Polycrete Pipe)
a) Polymer concrete pipe shall be manufactured in accordance with ASTM D6783 and shall satisfy
requirements contained in Technical Standard Specification – Mechanical Section 6 – Piping
and Accessories (AM-ENG-SS-03-06).
b) Thickness of pipe shall be designed as per site required jacking pipe design.

7. Delivery, Handling, and Damaged Pipes
7.1. Delivery
Inspect materials delivered to the Site for damage. Unload and store materials as per
manufacturer’s Instruction manual. Store materials onsite in enclosures or under protective
covering appropriately. Store plastic material under cover out of direct sunlight. Do not store
materials directly on the ground. Keep the inside of pipes, fittings, and valves (if any) free of dirt,
dust and debris.
7.2. Handling
Pipes shall only be lifted onsite as per manufacturer’s Instruction manual. The lifting device shall
be fully tested and carry relevant certification. Pipes shall be stored in an orderly fashion in a
designated area, not more than three pipes high or as per manufacturer’s instruction manual and
on purpose-made timber supports. Store individual pieces and bundles with safe walking space
between to allow full view for inspection purposes.
7.3. Damaged Pipes

Contractor / Engineer shall inspect the pipe on arrival at site. Rejected pipe shall be removed from
the site. No damaged pipes shall be permitted to be used in the permanent Works. Pipes damaged
in the casting and handling process in the factory shall not be permitted onsite.
Repairs to cast pipes, either in the factory or onsite, shall be confined to minor cosmetic repairs
only. All repairs shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer and carried out to an approved
procedure. Any pipes identified as being unfit for use in the tunnel shall be removed from the Site.

8. Execution
Trenchless pipeline shall be installed as per approved drawings and as per approved Quality Plan.
8.1. General:
8.1.1. Profiles and Topography
Contours, topography, and profiles of the ground as shown on the Contract Drawings are believed
to be reasonably correct, but are not guaranteed to be absolutely so, and are presented only as an
approximation. It is the Contractor's responsibility to verify all elevations required to successfully
complete the Works.
8.1.2. Alignment Set-Out
i. The Contractor shall submit a method statement for setting out and controlling the alignment of the
tunnels and shafts for agreement by the Engineer prior to commencement of Works. Adequate
opportunity for checking of the survey and setting out shall be given to the Engineer.
ii. Details of all setting out readings and calculations shall be maintained at the Site and be set out in
a clear and orderly fashion to allow for ease of checking. The Contractor shall provide all necessary
lines and levels together with all necessary equipment to enable the Works to be constructed to
the required tolerances. The setting out lines and levels shall be carefully preserved and, where
necessary, replaced, throughout the period for which they are required.
iii. The primary setting out system shall be used for the main control of the excavation, tunnel lining,
and shafts, including checking and recording of the “as-built” position of the lining at intervals.
8.1.3. Ground Levels
The Contractor shall record ground levels prior to commencement of pipe installation Works.
Reliable benchmarks and reference stations shall be established. The locations of these shall be
agreed upon with the Engineer. Four reference stations shall be set around each shaft. Levels shall
be taken along the centre of the pipeline and the offsets of 5 and 10 m at each side of the pipeline
at 15 m intervals between shafts at locations as shown on the Drawings or approved by the
Engineer.
8.1.4. Survey and Setting Out
Shall comply with the BTS Specification Section 330.
8.1.5. Existing Vegetation and Structures
The Contractor shall be responsible for the preservation of all existing trees, plants, and other
vegetation that are to remain within or adjacent to the construction site and shall also be responsible
for protecting existing concrete curb, fence, utilities, and other structures that are located within or
adjacent to the construction site.
8.2. Pipe Jacking Operation

8.2.1. Equipment
8.2.1.1. Tunnel Excavation Machine
i. In order to suit pre-dominant ground conditions, groundwater pressure, optimise face support
during excavation, and minimise possible ground settlement, the preferred tunnel excavation
machine is a slurry mode tunnelling machine incorporating fine regulation of the face support
pressure and complying with BTS Specification Section 315.

ii. The Contractor shall use or propose a tunnel excavation machine with a different excavation mode.
In such case, the Contractor shall demonstrate to the Engineer that the alternative mode can suit
the project’s ground conditions and groundwater pressure, optimise face support during
excavation, and minimise possible ground settlement. The proposed method shall comply with BTS
Specification Chapter 3 – Methods.
iii. The tunnel excavation machine shall be equipped with a cutting wheel suitable for the expected
ground conditions.
8.2.1.2. Guidance System
The Contractor is solely responsible to select equipment and to guarantee the final Works are within
the accuracy and tolerances per BTS Specification Section 328.
8.2.1.3. Inter-jacks
i. Design of Inter-jacks: Inter-jack stations shall be designed to provide sufficient jacking force to
overcome the frictional resistance to pipe motion over the distance between them. Interjack stations
shall have sufficient capacity to overcome the envisaged forces during the tunnelling operation.
The seal shall be adjustable to avoid groundwater and bentonite leakages into the pipe jack. It shall
be capable of withstanding working pressures in excess of 4 bar or as required by the pipe jack
system. The envisaged number of intermediate jacking stations shall be agreed with the Engineer
in advance of the commencement of PJ operation.
ii. Operation of Interjacks: Hydraulic power to operate the interjack stations shall be designed in order
to minimise hose lengths and subsequent power losses.
iii. On completion of tunnelling operations, all interjack cylinders and seal assemblies shall be
removed. The exposed steelwork shall be cleaned and treated with epoxy paint, and the pipes shall
be closed to eliminate the gap. The adjustable interjack sealing systems shall be manufactured to
facilitate easy removal by hand within the tunnel.
8.2.2. Fluids Systems
8.2.2.1. Slurry System Design
i. The slurry system shall be designed to be capable of functioning with bentonite slurry where
required as a support medium. The slurry circuit shall be designed for a minimum flow rate that is
capable of transporting all the excavated material during the tunnelling machine advancing. The
slurry circuit shall include flowmeters on both feed and discharge lines.
ii. Automatic valves shall be included at the shaft top to allow for immediate closure by the operator
in the event of burst system hoses.
iii. The separation plant shall be sized to be 25 percent over capacity to account for any possible flow
surges within the slurry circuit.
8.2.2.2. Slurry System Operation
All controls and indicators for running the slurry system shall be available at the tunnelling machine
operator's console. A telephone system shall be installed to allow direct communication between
the tunnelling machine and the separation plant.
8.2.2.3. Bentonite Lubrication System – Design
i. The equipment shall be automatic or manual bentonite injection system to enable both the
lubrication of the pipe wall and the support of loose ground to be maintained. The system shall be
such that the annulus around the pipe is kept full of lubricant at all times including periods of
downtime.

ii. Injection of bentonite shall be at a minimum of three points spaced equally around the pipe wall
and at centres not exceeding 15 m along the pipe line.
iii. Lubrication holes shall be as specified in previous Clauses 3.1.1.1 - iii.
iv. All formed holes in a GRP inner pipe shall be repaired on completion of the installation of the pipe
by skilled craftsmen in accordance with the GRP pipe manufacturer’s recommendations.
Documentation shall be provided of the successful use of the proposed system on other pipe
jacking projects.
v. The frequency and duration of injection at any given point shall be programmable and controlled
from the tunnelling machine operator's console. The point of operation and system pressure shall
be displayed to the operator.
vi. Any lubrication bentonite in the annulus shall be replaced by contact grout after completion of the
Works. Upon completion of grouting, the plugs shall be covered with a material similar to that of
the jacking pipes.
vii. The contact grout shall be cementitious and shall contain bentonite with a 7-day unconfined
compressive strength of at least 1.5 MPa and shrinkage less than 5 percent. Sand shall be added
to the mix for voids larger than 50 mm. The mix design shall be submitted to the Engineer for
approval.
8.2.2.4. Bentonite Lubrication System – Operation
The system shall be used continuously whilst pipe advance is taking place.
8.2.3. Pipe Jacking – Execution
8.2.3.1. General
The PJ operation shall comply with the requirements of BTS Specification Section 319 and the
additional, substitute, and amended clauses herein.
8.2.4. Surface Operations
8.2.4.1. Site Compound
Where practical, the whole of the working area for each working shaft shall be enclosed by a 2 m
high secure fence or hoarding. Watchmen shall be employed during times when Works are not in
progress. Adequate lighting and warning notices shall be provided around the Site. Suitable
drainage and desilting tanks shall be provided to cater both with surface and underground water.
The shaft top shall be secured with a robust barrier around its perimeter to a minimum height of 1.2
m. Jacking pipes shall be stored clear of water, and excavated material and shall not be used for
storing plants and equipment.
8.2.4.2. Electrical Equipment
All electrical equipment shall be appropriately Ingress Protection (IP) rated for its intended
underground use. It shall be installed and maintained by a suitably qualified electrician.
8.2.4.3. Lighting
Tunnels requiring man-access, even on an occasional basis, shall be adequately lit by a lighting
system complying with the relevant clauses of BS 6164, Section 17. Unshaded lights shall not be
used below ground.
8.2.4.4. Ventilation
Ventilation during construction for all accessible tunnels shall comply with the relevant
recommendations of BS 6164, Section 15. The Contractor shall supply and maintain a fresh air
supply to all places underground where Works are being carried out.

8.2.4.5. Air Quality

In addition to providing air as described previously, the quality of the air shall comply with the
relevant clauses of BS 6164, Section 15.
8.2.4.6. Tunnel Entry
No person shall be allowed to enter the tunnel without appropriate authority approval.
8.2.4.7. Gas Detection
The Contractor shall provide at least one automatic gas detector at each working shaft location.
Continuous monitoring shall take place during working periods.
8.2.4.8. Underground Evacuation
The Contractor shall develop and implement a plan for immediate underground evacuation in the
event that the presence of toxic/inflammable gas is identified in the excavation. Prior to allowing
Works to recommence, the Contractor shall identify and take appropriate action to rectify such
hazard.
8.2.5. Shafts
8.2.5.1. Dimensions
i. The working shaft shall be designed to withstand the force applied by the main jacking station and
of adequate dimensions to fully cater to the underground installation for all necessary trenchless
equipment. This shall include the jacking frame and thrust ring assembly, slurry pumping
equipment, and guidance system. Consideration must also be given to safe access and working
space for the pit bottom crew.
ii. The design of the shaft base shall incorporate the requirements of a thrust block for the jacking
frame to bear upon and a tunnel launching eye and sealing ring through which the tunnelling
machine is launched. The design of these structures shall depend on the type of ground and jacking
equipment and pressures envisaged. They are normally considered to be temporary structures,
being removed on completion of the drive, but consideration shall be given to incorporating them
in the permanent Works wherever possible.
iii. Requirements for launching the excavation machine assembly, which shall comprise multiple units
of varying length, shall also be taken into consideration when deciding upon the overall size of the
shaft base.
8.2.5.2. Water Tightness
i. The construction of the working shaft shall be by such method as to minimise the water ingress in
the shaft bottom, hence ensuring security of all the underground workings and equipment during
tunnelling activities. Any unavoidable ingress of water through the shaft walls shall be collected and
directed to an adequate sump in the shaft bottom for removal by submersible pump to the surface.
ii. The provision of head Works shall be made around the shaft to avoid surface water seeping or
flowing into the shaft.
8.2.5.3. Filling of Voids
Any over break or loss of ground encountered during sinking of the working shaft shall be recorded
and, where appropriate, be backfilled/grouted as Works proceed to ensure that no voids remain in
the vicinity of the jacking zone.
8.2.5.4. Shaft Bottom Jacking Requirements
Prior to commencement of the Works on the construction of the working shaft, due consideration
shall be taken of the space requirements for pipe jacking from the shaft bottom. This shall, in

particular, include all requirements for the safe launching of the tunnelling machine assembly and
for safe working of the operating crew. The shaft invert shall be cast at such level and in such
manner as to facilitate the installation and operational needs of the jacking frame and ancillary
equipment to be installed in the shaft bottom. A sump pit shall be incorporated in the shaft bottom
for the installation of submersible pumping equipment. The size of the sump shall be adequate for
the depth of the shaft and ingress volume of water, in addition to any requirements for pumping
during jacking operations, and shall include the facility of a standby pump.
8.2.6. Work in Compressed Air
8.2.6.1. General Requirements
i. Provisions shall be made on the tunnelling machine to facilitate entry into the face of the machine
under compressed air for inspections and maintenance if specified for the project. These provisions
shall comply in all respects with all relevant statutory regulations governing provision of Works in
compressed air. The airlocks and other equipment fitted to the machine shall comply with the
relevant section of BTS Specification, Section 401.
ii. All equipment and personnel necessary to perform such interventions for inspection or
maintenance shall be available throughout the PJ operations. The Contractor shall submit details
of the compressed air installation for the Engineer’s approval, along with details of the qualifications
and previous experience of lock attendants, medical lock attendants, compressor attendants, and
supervisory staff. The installed capacity of the compressed air supply plant to be provided shall be
agreed upon with the Engineer after inspection of the available site investigation information. In
highly permeable ground where air losses might be excessive, arrangements shall be made to
inject thick bentonite slurry into the face prior to an intervention to form a cake on the exposed face
in order to limit air loss.
8.2.6.2. Compressed Air Plant

i. The air compressors shall be powered from the mains electricity supply or from generators, or shall
be diesel powered.
ii. In all cases, a standby capacity of at least 50 percent shall be provided, and this standby capacity
shall be powered by an independent power source.
iii. All essential parts of the compressed air system, including pipelines carrying compressed air to the
face, shall be duplicated. All pipework, valves, gauges, and similar components must be protected
from impact damage. Where flexible hoses are used to carry the compressed air through the pit
bottom jacking arrangement, they shall also be protected from entrapment. In the event of failure
of one part of the system, it should be possible to isolate that part without interrupting the air supply.
iv. A safety valve shall be fitted to the free air side of the pressure bulkhead of the tunnelling machine.
This safety valve shall be set to relieve at marginally above the working pressure and shall be of
adequate size to match the installed capacity of the air compressors. Prior to Works in compressed
air, the system should be tested to working pressure.
8.2.6.3. Airlocks
i. Any airlock fitted to the tunnelling machine shall be at least 1.5 m diameter. The air lock should be
designed as a pressure vessel, subjected to a hydraulic test, and issued an appropriate test
certificate.
ii. Air lock doors should be at least 700 by 700 mm. Doors should normally be kept closed by the air
pressure, but the door opening to the front of the tunnelling machine should also be able to be
locked shut whilst persons are being decompressed in the lock. The airlock should be comprised
of two chambers to allow access into the working chamber in case of emergency.

iii. For use at pressures above 1 bar, the lock should be fitted with seating for the persons being
decompressed.
iv. Where the working pressure is above 0.7 bar, a medical lock shall be provided which shall be
manned by a medical lock attendant whenever Works in compressed air are in progress and for
24 hours afterwards.
8.2.6.4. Air Quality
i. If necessary, the quality of the compressed air supplied to the working chamber shall be improved
by coolers and filters to ensure compliance with the specified requirements. The supply of
compressed air to the working chamber shall be sufficient to ensure that the level of any
contaminant shall not exceed 10 percent of the short-term exposure level when measured at
atmospheric pressure.
ii. Air quality should be monitored at least once per day.
8.2.6.5. Medical Supervision
i. The Contractor shall appoint a registered medical practitioner experienced in compressed air
Works to advise on decompression methods to be adopted and on all other aspects of health
relating to the Works in compressed air.
ii. All employees shall be medically examined prior to working in compressed air.
iii. Records shall kept of all medical examinations and details of each compressed air exposure
including working pressure, working time, decompression procedures, and other related
information. No person shall be allowed to work in compressed air if the Contractor has reason to
suspect that person is under the influence of drink or drugs such that his capacity is impaired.
8.2.6.6. Operational Requirements
i. No one shall be allowed to enter the compressed air working chamber alone.
ii. An experienced lock attendant shall be on duty at the free air side of the air lock at all times when
there are persons in the compressed air working chamber.
iii. All valves gauges and controls at the lock attendant’s station shall be clearly marked with their
function and method of operation.
iv. Smoking shall be banned in compressed air, and no person shall take smoking materials into
compressed air.
v. As far as is practicable, no combustible material shall be taken into the air locks and or the working
chamber.
vi. The use of burning or welding equipment should be strictly limited and shall be subject to a permit
to work system.
vii. Fire extinguishers shall be provided in the air locks and the working chamber whenever Works in
compressed air are in progress.
8.2.7. Tunnel Services
The installation of all tunnel services shall be progressively carried out as the Works proceed.
Services shall be supported on purpose-made brackets bolted to the pipe wall. Electric cables shall
be hung on the opposite side of the pipes to any water lines. Slurry lines shall be mounted on blocks
in the invert to facilitate access in case of blockage or leakage. On pipe jacks larger than 2 m
internal diameter and longer than 100 m, a 450 mm gauge track, or similar such device, shall be
provided to facilitate movement of men and equipment in the tunnel. Care shall be taken not to

damage the pipes during the installation and handling of services in the tunnel. All fixings shall
subsequently be removed, and the holes plugged with a suitable mortar.
8.2.8. Settlement, Surface Heave Monitoring, and Existing Structures
i. Works zone of influence is defined as the distance in plan from the centreline of the Works equal
to the depth to invert of that part of the Works below ground level. This distance shall be agreed
upon with the Engineer prior to commencing the Works.
ii. The Contractor shall carry out a survey on all buildings and structures located within the zone of
influence.
iii. The Contractor shall take all care and necessary precautions to protect existing structures, utilities,
and services in planning and execution of the Works. Any damage to adjacent properties that are
not part of these Works shall be repaired and, the properties shall be restored to their original
condition at the Contractor’s expense.
iv. The Contractor shall be responsible for the identification and protection of services where these
are crossed by construction activities.
v. The Client shall be notified immediately of all services encountered during the progress of the
Works. The services shall be marked on the “As-Built” drawings by the Contractor.
vi. Where crossing of roadways and railways are involved, the Contractor shall be required to record
and report any ground settlement to the satisfaction of the controlling agencies.
vii. The Contractor shall monitor ground settlement or heave of existing buildings and structures
located within the Works zone of influence.
8.2.9. Levels Recording Frequency

Levels shall be taken and recorded on all of the previous points at daily intervals during excavation
works, again 1 week before issue of a completion certificate, and finally at the end of the
maintenance period or as shown on the Drawings.
8.2.10. Tolerances for Tunnels, Shafts, and Underground Works
8.2.11. Monitoring, Recording, and the Control Process

8.3. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)

Generally work shall be performed in accordance with the followings:
a) National Utility Contractor Association (NUCA) HDD Installation Guidelines.
b) ASTM F1962. Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of
Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, Including River Crossings.
8.3.2. Horizontal Directional Drilling Operation – Products
8.3.2.1. Pipe
Unless otherwise specified in the Contract documents, pipe installed by HDD shall be high density
polyethylene pipe (HDPE) specifically designed for directional drilling. A casing pipe shall also be
employed to ensure whole stability where ground is poor or highly permeable and there is
significant risk of mud break-out at the start.
HDPE pipe shall be PE100 pipe to ISO 4427 or BS EN 12201; and Technical Standard Specification
– Mechanical Section 6 – Piping and Accessories (AM-ENG-SS-03-06) and Civil Specification
section: 4- Sewerage and Treated Effluent Networks.
Other pipe material can be considered as per specific design requirements as per site conditions.
Engineer shall review such cases and submit the technical justification for approval.
8.3.3. Equipment
8.3.3.1. General
All equipment for the directional bore shall have the capacity, stability, and necessary safety
features required to fully comply with the Specification and requirements of this section without
showing evidence of undue stress or failure. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to assure
that the equipment to be used in the directional bore is in sound operating condition. Backup
equipment shall be required in the event of an equipment breakdown and where the condition of
the equipment to be used indicates that routine component replacement or repair will likely be
necessary during the directional bore.
8.3.3.2. Directional Drilling System
The directional drilling system shall consist of over the road transportable field power unit, mud-
mixing and recycling unit, a trailer or carriage-mounted drill unit, and all other support accessory
vehicles and equipment. All system components shall be in sound operating condition with no
broken welds, excessively worn parts, or badly bent or otherwise misaligned components. All drill
pipe, reamers, pull back heads, swivels, drill heads and collars, pipe cradles, pipe rollers, ropes,
cables, clamps, and other non-mechanical but essential items shall be in sound condition and
replaced immediately when need is apparent. The equipment must be capable of drilling the
specified length in a single bore.
a) Mud-Mixing and Recycle Units: The mud-mixing and recycle unit shall be a self-contained
system designed to provide a supply of high-pressure bentonite based cutting fluid to the drill
unit. It shall contain a fluid storage tank and a complete bentonite and drilling fluid additive
mixing system. The cutting fluid is to be mixed onsite. The cutting fluid shall be formulated for
this specific project and the anticipated ground conditions. It shall permit changes to be made
to the bentonite and drilling fluid additive concentrations during drilling in response to changing
soil conditions. The field power unit shall contain the power-taken off-driven high pressure
cutting fluid pumping system. The recycle units shall be of a capacity to minimise the production
of new cutting fluid and maximise the reuse and recirculation of original cutting fluid produced.
b) Directional Drill System: A carriage-mounted version of the drill system shall include a thrust
frame. Both the trailer-mounted and carriage mounted drill system shall be designed to rotate

and push 3 m (10-foot) minimum hollow drill sections into the hole being created by the boring
head. The drill sections shall be made of high strength S-grade steel. Drill end fittings shall
permit rapid make-up of the drill sections, whilst meeting the torque, pressure, and lineal load
requirements of the system. The boring head itself shall be capable of housing a probe used
by the Magnetic Guidance System (MGS) to determine tool depth and location from surface
and to orient the head for steering. The MGS shall have a minimum accuracy of plus or minus
2 percent of the vertical depth. The drilling equipment must be fitted with a permanent alarm
system capable of detecting an electric current. The system shall have an audible alarm to
warn the operator when the drill head nears electrified cables. The drilling equipment shall be
grounded, protected, and operated in accordance with manufacturer’s requirements for electric
strike safety. The control console shall contain a calibrated display of inclination, azimuth, tool
face location, mud pump rates, and torque pressures. The down hole steering system accuracy
shall be plus or minus 1 percent of the horizontal bore length such that the difference between
actual depth and machine calculated depth is not more than 1 foot per 100 feet.
c) Restrictions: Other devices or utility placement systems for providing horizontal thrust other
than those previously defined in the preceding sections shall not be used unless approved by
the Engineer prior to commencement of the Works. The proposed device or system shall be
evaluated prior to approval or rejection on its potential ability to complete the pipe placement
satisfactorily without undue stoppage and to maintain line and grade within the tolerances
prescribed by the particular condition of the project. Water sluicing methods, jetting with
compressed air, or boring or tunnelling devices with vibrating type heads that do not provide
positive control of the line and grade shall not be allowed.
8.3.3.3. Spoils Equipment
The cutting fluid removal system shall include a self-contained vacuum truck which has sufficient
vacuum and tank capacity to remove excess cutting fluid mixture and cuttings from the project site
as required or as directed by Haya Water. Spoils are not to be discharged into sewers or storm
drains. The Contractor shall contain all drilling and pipe lubricating mud by taking special measures
to prevent run-off onto adjacent properties or waterways, or both. All surplus drilling and pipe
lubricating mud shall be removed from the Site and properly disposed of by the Contractor at no
cost to the Client. The Contractor shall also be responsible for all required erosion control measures
at no cost to the Client.
8.3.3.4. Magnetic Guidance System (MGS)
i. An MGS shall consist of a probe and a tracker that is capable of monitoring the location of the drill
head during the drilling operation. The tracker shall be capable of tracking at all depths up to 100
feet and in any soil condition, including hard rock. It shall enable the driller to guide the drill head
by providing immediate information on the tool face, azimuth (horizontal direction), and inclination
(vertical direction). The tracker shall be accurate to plus or minus 2 percent of the vertical depth of
the borehole at sensing position at depths up to 100 feet. Ferrous materials shall not influence or
affect the MGS readings or accuracy.
ii. Components: The Contractor shall supply all components and materials to install, operate, and
maintain the MGS. This shall include, but is not limited to the following:
a) MGS probe and interface
b) Computer, printer, and software
c) Direct current (DC) power source, current control box, and coil/tracking wire
iii. The MGS shall be a Tensor TruTracker MGS, or other licensed and industry approved wire
guidance system. The Contractor is required to obtain approval from the Engineer for the
equipment to be used. The Contractor is responsible for supplying all required information
regarding the equipment and method to be used on the project. Works shall not commence until

approval is obtained from the Engineer. The Contractor is responsible for setting up and operating
the MGS using personnel experienced with this system. “A Walkover” tracking systems shall not
be used, except as approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with
current calibration certification of MGS in accordance with the manufacturer’s Specification.
8.3.3.5. Boring Tool
The boring tool (jetting head or mud motor) shall have steering capability and an electronic tool
detection system. The position of the tool during operation shall be capable of being determined
accurately, horizontally within 1 percent of the horizontal distance of the borehole and vertically
within 2 percent of the vertical depths of the borehole. The boring tool shall have a nominal steering
radius of 9 m (30 feet).
8.3.4. Drilling fluids
8.3.4.1. Slurry Selection
The Contractor assumes all liability for environmental damage and clean-up due to inadvertent
discharges of slurry or other causes. Slurry materials shall be selected based on the soil conditions
encountered to minimise the risk of mud returns.
8.3.4.2. Drilling Fluids Viscosity
A mixture of Bentonite drilling clay, project-specific cutting fluid additives, and potable water is to
be used as the cutting fluid (Mud) and over ream hole filler for the directional bore. The drilling fluid
mixture used shall have an optimum viscosity to best fit the soil conditions encountered, as
recommended by the drilling mud and fluid additive manufacturer, and as approved by the
Engineer.
8.3.4.3. Drilling Fluids in Granular Ground
Where sandy or granular materials are encountered, a cement slurry or polymer supplement shall
be considered for added strength and stability of the bore and over ream hole.
8.3.4.4. Additions to Drilling Fluids
No chemicals or polymer surfactant shall be used in the drilling fluid without the written consent of
the Engineer, and after a determination is made that the chemicals to be added are not harmful or
corrosive to the facility and are environmentally safe. Clay must be totally inert and contain no risk
to the environment.
8.3.4.5. Material Safety Data Sheets
Provide the Engineer and have onsite at all times the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all
drilling compounds and chemicals.
8.4. Horizontal Directional Drilling Operation – Execution

Perform the Works in general conformance with ASTM F1962, current revision, “Standard Guide
for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe of Conduit under
Obstacles, Including River Crossings.”
8.4.1. Work Commencement
i. The Engineer must be notified 48 hours in advance of starting each phase of the Works. The
directional bore shall not begin until the Engineer is present at the job site and agrees that proper
preparations for the operation have been made. The Engineer’s approval for beginning the
installation shall in no way relieve the Contractor of the ultimate responsibility for the satisfactory
completion of the Works as authorised under the Contract. It shall be the responsibility of Haya

Water to provide inspection personnel at such times, as appropriate, without causing undue
hardship by reason of delay to the Contractor.
ii. If the Contractor fails to begin the directional bore at the agreed upon time, the Engineer shall
establish the next mutually convenient time to begin. To avoid undue hardship to either party,
reasonable and mutual co-operation should be exercised where starting times are concerned. If
one party fails to meet the agreed upon schedule, the other party is expected to consider a delayed
start if the installation cannot be completed during normal working hours.
8.4.2. Work Stoppage
If equipment should break down or other unforeseen stoppages occur, and forward motion of the
directional cutting head is halted at any time other than for reasons planned in advance (for
example, addition of drill stems), the boring path shall be filled with a proper material immediately,
or as directed by the Engineer, in order to avoid deterioration or collapse of the hole.
8.4.3. Receiving Exit and Access Pits
The Contractor shall take all necessary action to ensure the safety of the Works and shall ensure
compliance with the pre-approved Safety Management Plan requirements at all times. The sizes
of all excavations shall conform to the following:
a) Pits shall be of the minimum possible size commensurate with safe working practices and
located at the maintenance holes. The Contractor shall select the size and provide the details
of all pits.
b) Every face of any excavation that exceeds a depth of 1.2 m shall be supported or contained by
shoring unless the face is cut back to a safe slope.
c) The shoring of the excavation shall be braced as the excavation progresses, and where a
mechanical digger is used, the shoring shall be kept as close as practicable to the excavator.
d) All necessary measures must be taken to ensure that excavations are left in a safe condition,
including the erection of suitable hard barricades, warning signs, and hazard lights.
e) The earthworks shall be set out in accordance with the TSS Civil Section 02 Earthworks
Excavation requirements and the Drawings.
f) The Contractor shall inspect the Site, and verify all existing levels, survey control points, and
set-out points shown on the Drawings, before commencing the earthworks.
g) All excavations shall be made to the depth and extent as shown on the Drawings with proper
allowance for fill, additional cover (where required), and formwork. The excavations shall be
kept free and clear of loose materials, water, and rubbish. Should excavation to the nominated
depth reveal unstable or unsuitable ground, the Contractor shall immediately notify the Client.
8.4.4. Closing of Pits
After satisfactory completing all testing and all equipment and excavated materials for the HDD
operations have been removed, the Contractor shall prepare the bottom of all pits to the same
Specification as required for the pipe foundation. The Contractor shall remove all loose and
disturbed materials below pipe grade to the undisturbed earth level and shall re-compact the
materials to as close to the original condition as possible.

9. As-Built Drawings
The Contractor shall submit a complete set of as-built drawings properly dated and marked or noted
with up-to-date as-built conditions. As-built drawings shall be maintained at the construction site for
recording as-built conditions and updated regularly. The Contractor shall submit the updated as-
built drawings to the Engineer each week. Nos of copies shall be as per Haya Water Document
control procedure.
10. Leakage criteria and classes of tunnel

i. Haya Water experienced that the minor (as per BTS 0.5L/m2) leakage/infiltration at the time of
installation/handing over is increasing with the time and this excessive of infiltration is costing to
Haya Water in long-term with respect to the process operational costs and hence BTS criteria class
1 according to the table 16 shall be applied.
ii. Contractor shall submit the procedure of testing & commissioning of pipeline to Engineer for
approval in accordance with CESWI and BTS standard.
10.1. Hydrostatic Test

Wherever applicable hydrostatic pressure test shall also be performed on the installed pipe in
accordance with Civil Engineering Specification for Water Industry (CESWI) and Haya Water
Mechanical Section: 6.


TSS Civil Section 08 Trenchless Pipeline Installation R3

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TECHNICAL STANDARD

Document No: AM-ENG-SS-02-08

Issue Date: 29/09/2016

Classification: Restricted Revision: 03

Contents of HAYA Water Technical Standards:

Sr. No Document Title Revision No Revision date

1 HAYA Water Design Manual 03 31/12/2015

2 HAYA Water Standard Specifications 03 31/12/2015

3 HAYA Water Standard Details 03 29/09/2016

Document Prepared by Document Reviewed by

Page 2 of 33 Standard Specifications

Classification: Restricted Revision: 03

Document Approval Authority

Page 3 of 33 Standard Specifications

Page 4 of 33 Standard Specifications

7.2. Handling ....................................................................................................................21

Page 5 of 33 Standard Specifications

Page 6 of 33 Standard Specifications

1.3. Distribution/Target Audience

ASTM ASTM International (formerly American Society for Testing and

AWWA American Water Works Association

SDR Standard Dimension Ratio

DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas und Wasserfaches

GRP Glass-Reinforced Plastic

HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling

Page 7 of 33 Standard Specifications

HDPE High-Density Polyethylene

MGS Magnetic Guidance System

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets

PVCO Molecularly Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride

TMP Traffic Management Plan

UPR Unsaturated Polyester Resin

WBDG Whole Building Design Guide

Page 8 of 33 Standard Specifications

ftlb Foot Pound

mm/s Millimetre Per Second

Nm Newton metre

N/mm2 Newton Per Square Millimetre

1.6. Standard reference

1.6.1. European and British Standards

BS 7874 Method of test for microbiological deterioration of elastomeric seals for

Eurocode 1 Basis of design and actions on structures

Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures

Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design

Eurocode 8 Design of structures for earthquake resistance

Page 9 of 33 Standard Specifications

1.6.2. American Standards

ASTM C33 Standard specification for concrete aggregates

ASTM C 581 Standard practice for determining chemical resistance of

ASTM D 1248 Standard specification for polyethylene (PE) plastics extrusion

ASTM D 2122 Standard test method for determining dimensions of thermoplastic

ASTM D 4161 Standard specification for fibreglass (glass fibre reinforced

ASTM D 6783 Standard specification for polymer concrete pipe

Page 10 of 33 Standard Specifications

Source: Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), “Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe,” Chapter 9:

1.6.3. German Standards

DIN 16946-2 Cured Casting Resins, Types

(DVGW) W 304 “Pipe Jacking and Related Method”

(DVGW) W 312 “Static computation of jacking pipes”

Page 11 of 33 Standard Specifications

2.1. Temporary Works

Page 12 of 33 Standard Specifications