VIBGYOR HIGH

Term 2

Preliminary Examination
AY 2021-22
SCIENCE
Grade: X Max Marks: 40
Date: 14/02/2022 Time allowed: 2 hour

Marking Scheme
Section A

1. The table given below shows four elements with their respective melting and boiling [2]
points:

a. Identify the covalent compound(s) from the above table.

b. How do covalent compounds differ from ionic compounds with respect to their melting
and boiling point?
Ans.a. Covalent compounds are CH4 and CHCl3. [1]
b. Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point when compared to ionic [1]
compounds due to weak intermolecular forces.
2. An element ‘X’ has mass number 31 and the number of neutrons is 16. Identify the [2]
group number and period to which ‘X’ belongs to in the Modern Periodic Table. State if
‘X’ is a metal or a non – metal.
Ans. Element ‘X’ belongs to group 15 and 3rd period. [1]
‘X’ is a non – metal. [1]

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 3. What is meant by regeneration? State any one reason why a more complex [2]
organism cannot give rise to new individuals through this method.
Ans. Regeneration is the ability of a fully differentiated organism to give rise to new [1]
individual organisms from its body parts.
More complex organisms cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration
because:
(i) Their body is highly complicated.
(ii) There are specific organs to do specific functions.
(iii) There is a labour division in the body of complex organisms.
(iv) Regeneration is carried out by specialised cells which are not present in complex
[1]
organisms. (Any 1 relevant reason can be marked correct – 1 mark)
4. Identify the following modes of asexual reproduction and also mention the [2]
name of the organism in which it occurs:

B
Ans. A: Spore Formation; Organism: Rhizopus/Bread Mould [1]
B: Binary Fission; Organism: Amoeba [1]
5. A blue colour flower plant denoted by BB is cross bred with that of white colour [2]
flower plant denoted by bb.
a. State the colour of flower you would expect in their F 1 generation plants.
b. What must be the percentage of white flower plants in F 2 generation if flowers

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 of F1 plants are self-pollinated?
OR
If we cross pure-bred tall (dominant) pea plant with pure-bred dwarf (recessive)
pea plant we will get pea plants of F1 generation. If we now self-cross the pea
plant of F2 generation, then we obtain pea plants of F 2 generation.
a. What do the plants of the F1 generation look like?
b. State the ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants in F 2 generation.
Ans.a. Blue coloured flower will be obtained in the F 1 generation. [1]
b. 25% [1]
OR
a. All the plants of the F1 generation are tall. [1]
b. The ratio of the tall plants to dwarf plants in the F 2 generation would be 3:1 [1]
6. Why are bacteria and fungi called decomposers? List any two advantages of [2]
decomposers to the environment.
OR
Define a food chain. Consider the following food chain which occurs in a forest:
Grass -> Deer -> Lion
If 10,000 J of solar energy is available to the grass, how much energy would be
available to the deer to transfer it to the lion?
Ans. Bacteria and fungi are called the decomposers as they breakdown the complex [1]
organic substances into simple inorganic substances that go into the soil and are used
up once more by the plants.
Two advantages of decomposers to the environment are as follows:

a) Decomposers feed, on the dead bodies of plants and animals. They return the [0.5]
simple components to soil and help in making the steady state of ecosystem by
recycling of nutrients. They, therefore, create a balance in the environment.
b) They also act as scavengers or cleansing agents of the atmosphere. [0.5]

OR
An interconnected food chain is known as a food web. [1]
10 J of energy would be available to deer to transfer to lion. [1]
7. a. The magnetic field associated with a current carrying conductor is in clockwise [2]
direction. The conductor was held along the west-east direction. What will be the
direction of current through it? Name the rule applied to determine the direction of
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 current.
b. A coil ‘X’ is connected to a low power bulb and placed parallel to another coil ‘Y’.
Explain why the bulb gets dimmer if the coil ‘X’ is moved downwards.

OR
The diagram given below depicts a beam of electrons that are about to enter a
magnetic field. The direction of this field is out of the page.
Electron beam

Magnetic field out of the page

a. What will be the direction of the deflection, as the beam passes through the field?
b. State and explain the rule which helps to determine the direction of deflection.
Ans.a. The direction of current is from west to east. The rule applied to find the direction of
current is Right Hand Thumb Rule. [1]

b. When the coil X is moved downwards, the distance between both the coil increases
thereby, decreases the magnetic lines of force linked with coil Hence the bulb gets
[1]
dimmer.
OR
a. Direction of current is from right to left as electron beam enters from left to right and [1]
magnetic field is out of the page. So, electron beam deflects towards top of the page.
b. The rule used to determine the direction of force is Fleming’s left hand rule. According
to this rule, Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of your left-hand such that
they are mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger points in the direction of
magnetic field and middle finger points in the direction of current, then the thumb will
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 point in the direction of motion or the force acing on the conductor. [1]

Section B
8. The table given below shows a part of the periodic table. Observe the given table and [3]
give reasons for the following questions:

a. Na has a larger atomic size than Al.

b. F is more reactive than Cl.
c. Elements of Group 1 form ions with a charge of +1.
Ans.a. As we move from left to right in a periodic table the atomic size decreases due to
increase in the nuclear charge which tends to pull the electrons closer to the nucleus
and hence reduces the atomic size. Hence, Na has a larger atomic size than Al.
[1]
b. Reactivity of non-metals decrease down the group. F has a smaller atomic size than
Cl due to which the force of attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons in
the outermost shell is more in F and hence it can gain electron more readily than Cl
and form F-. Hence, F is more reactive than Cl. [1]
c. The electronic configuration of an element determines what type of ion that element
can form. Elements in group 1 are said to be alkali metals which have 1 valence
electron in its outermost shell. Hence these atoms lose 1 valence electron in its
outermost shell in order to reach the nearest inert gas configuration and therefore [1]
form ions with +1 charge.
9. A saturated hydrocarbon ‘X’ is the 4th member of homologous series having general [3]
formula CnH 2n+2. It is a flammable, colourless gas at room temperature and is an
important constituent of Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
a. Identify ‘X’ and draw its electron dot structure.
b. State any two characteristics of homologous series.
OR
a. What do you mean by structural isomers? Give reason why propane cannot exhibit
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 this characteristic.
b. Draw any two structural isomers of Pentane.
Ans.a. ‘X’ is Butane. [1]
Its electron dot structure is: [1]

b. Characteristics of a homologous series are:

i. The general formula of all compounds in the series is the same. [0.5]
ii. Each successive member in homologous series differ by molecular formula [0.5]

-CH2.

iii. The difference in molecular mass of two consecutive members of the series is
14 u.

iv. They have the same functional group.

v. Their physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, solubility in a

particular solvent generally show a gradation with increase of molecular
formula in the series.
(Any two characteristics to be marked correct – 0.5 mark for each)
OR
a. Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures are [1]
called as structural isomers.
In order to exhibit structural isomerism a carbon compound should have 4 or more
carbon atoms. Propane has only 3 carbon atoms; hence it does not have enough
carbon atoms to exist in the form of branched isomer. [1]

b. Structural isomers of pentane:

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 [1]

(Any 2 isomers to be marked correct – 0.5 marks each)

10. With the help of a diagram, explain in brief how the sex of a newborn is [3]
genetically determined in human beings. Which of the two parents, the mother
or the father, is responsible for determination of sex of a child?
Ans. Mechanism of Sex Determination in Human Beings:
In human beings, the sex of the individual is genetically determined. [1]

 Sex determination is the process by which sex of a new born individual can be
determined.
 Human beings have 1 unpaired sex chromosome. Sex chromosome of male is XY
and of female is XX.
 Sex of a child depends on what happens at fertilisation.

[1]

Thus, father is responsible for the determination of the sex of a child. [1]

11. Consider the circuit shown in the diagram. Find the current in 6 Ώ resistor. [3]

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Ans. Here 6Ώand 12Ώ are connected in parallel. The effective resistance, Rp=4Ώ [0.5]
4Ώand 6Ώare in series. The net resistance R=4Ώ + 2Ώ =6Ώ [0.5]
V 6 [0.5]
Total current in the circuit, I = = =1A
R 6
Potential difference across Rp = 4×1 = 4V [0.5]
V
Current in 6Ω resistor =
R
4 [1]
= = 0.67A
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12. An electric lamp is marked 50W; 220V.It is used for 5 hours daily. Calculate: [3]
a. Its resistance while glowing.
b. Energy consumed in kWh per day.
OR
In an experiment to study the relation between the potential difference across a
resistor and the current through it, a student recorded the following observations:

Potential 2 4 6 8 10
difference
V(volts)
Current I(A) 0.5 1 1.2 2 2.5

On examining the above observations, the teacher asked the student to reject one set
of readings as the values were out of agreement with the rest. Which one of the above
sets of readings can be rejected? Give reason. Calculate the mean value of resistance
of the resistor based on the remaining sets of readings.
2
Ans.a. V [0.5]
P=
R
2 2
V 220 [1]
R= = = 968Ω
P 50
b. E= P × t [0.5]
E =. 05kW ×5h=0.25kWh [1]
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 OR
V
Third reading must be rejected. Because for the third reading, R= =5Ω.
I [2]
If we calculate the resistance of the other sets, it gives 4Ω.
Mean resistance = 4× 4Ω=16Ω [1]
13. a. Write the appropriate names of trophic levels ‘X’ and ‘Z’ in the figure given below: [3]

b. A geographical area contains organisms like snake, grass hopper, peacock, grass and
frog. Pesticides were used in this area to kill insects and due to this the peacocks had
the maximum concentration of pesticides in them. Name the phenomenon
involved that led to the maximum concentration of pesticides in peacocks.
Ans.a. X: Primary consumer [1]
Z: Tertiary consumer [1]

b. Biological Magnification [1]

Section C
This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each case is followed by
03 sub-questions (a, b and c). Parts ‘a’ and ‘b’ are compulsory. However, an
internal choice has been provided in part ‘c’.
14. Rahul performed an experiment to study the pattern of inheritance of genes in Pea [4]
plants. He crossed two pea plants, one with round green seeds (RRyy) and another
with wrinkled yellow (rrYY) seeds that produced F1 progeny having round, yellow
(RrYy) seeds. When F1 plants were selfed, the F2 progeny were obtained.
a. What would be the phenotypic ratio obtained in the F2 generation from the above
cross?
b. Who is known as ‘Father of Genetics’?

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 c. Mention any one difference between a dominant and a recessive trait.
OR
The cross performed by Rahul is a monohybrid or a dihybrid cross? What is the
genetic constitution of an organism known as?
Ans.a. 9:3:3:1 [1]
b. Gregor Johann Mendel is known as the father of Genetics. [1]

c. The character which expresses itself in a generation is known as a dominant trait

whereas the character which does not express itself but is present in a generation is
known as a recessive trait.
[2]
OR
The cross performed by Rahul is a dihybrid cross. [1]
The genetic constitution of an organism is known as its genotype. [1]

15. Ria came across a diagram of a coil of wire wound on a soft iron core forming an [4]
electromagnet. She also observed that a current is passed through the coil in the
direction indicated by the arrows. Can you help her to find out answers for the
following questions?

a. Identify the N and S poles produced in the iron core.

b. How would the strength of the magnetic field be affected if strength of the current
through the coil is halved? Justify your answer.
c. Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines through and around current carrying solenoid
AB and also mark the direction of magnetic field lines.
OR
Can a steel rod using a solenoid be magnetised? If so, how can it be done?
Ans.a. By using the clock face rule:
A is South pole
B is North pole [1]

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b. The strength of the magnetic field changes with the current. If the strength of the
current through the coil is halved then magnetic field also decreases. [1]

c.

[2]

OR
Yes. When steel rod is kept inside a current carrying solenoid (as the core) along its
axis, steel rod can be magnetised. [2]

****

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