lOMoARcPSD|27034002

Fluid & Electrolytes Cheat Sheet

Electrolye Function HYPER “HIGH” Hypo “low”
HYPERkalemia (over 3.5) Hypokalemia (below 3.0)

Heart - TIGHT & CONTRACTED HEART - LOW & SLOW

1ST elevation and Peaked T waves
2 Severe = Vfib or Cardiac Standstill!
P - Potassium 3 Hypotension, Bradycardia
Potassium P - Priority! Since it.. GI TRACT - TIGHT & CONTRACTED
1 Diarrhea
3.0 - 3.5 P - Pumps the heart 2 Hyperactive bowel sounds
& muscles NEUROMUSCULAR
- TIGHT & CONTRACTED
Paralysis in Extremities
Increased DTR
Profound Muscle Weakness,
(General Feeling of heaviness)
1 Flat T waves, ST depression, & prominent U wave
MUSCULAR - LOW & SLOW
1 Decreased DTR
2 Muscle cramping
3 Flaccid paralysis (paralyzed limbs)
GI - LOW & SLOW
Decreased motility, hypoactive to
absent bowel sounds, Constipation
Abdominal distention
Paralytic ileus, paralyzed intestines!
*PRIORITY* for SB0 (small bowel obstruction)

HYPERnatremia (over 145) Hyponatermia (below 135)

S - Sodium HYPERNATREMIA = BIG & BLOATED HYPONATREMIA - DEPRESSED & DEFLATED
S - Swells the body 1. SKIN

Sodium FLUSH ‘’Red & Rosy’’ NEURO = Seizures & Coma

to maintain: EDEMA ‘’waterbed skin’’
HEART = Tachycardia, &
135 - 145 • Blood pressure LOW GRADE FEVER
2. POLYDIPSIA EXCESS THIRST weak thready pulses
• Blood Volume 3. LATE SERIOUS SIGN RESPIRATORY ARREST
SWOLLEN dry tongue NCLEXTIP
• pH balance GI = nausea & vomiting NCLEXTIP
INCREASED muscle tone NCLEXTIP

Sodium’s side kick HYPERchloremia (over 107) Hypochloremia (below 97)

Chloride Maintains:
• Blood pressure
NEARLY SA ME AS HIGH SODIUM NEARLY SAME AS LOW SODIUM

97 - 107 • Blood Volume

1 NAUSEA & VOMITING
2 SWOLLEN DRY TONGUE
1 EXCESSIVE DIARRHEA,
VOMITING, SWEATING
2 FEVER TEST TIP: ONLY DIFFERENCE
• pH balance 3 CONFUSION

HYPERmagnesemia (over 2.1) Hypomagnesemia (below 1.3)

1. CARDIAC - CALM & QUIET 1. CARDIAC - BUCK WILD!

Heart block EKG: ST depression, T wave inversion
M - Magnesium
Prolonged PR intervals Torsades de pointes
Magnesium M - Mellows the
VITALS = bradycardia, Hypotension
2. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES -
SEVERE = V fib
VITALS = Tachycardia
1.3 - 2.1 M - Muscles (relaxes)
CALM & QUIET
Hyporeflexia - Decreased DTR
2. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES -
BUCK WILD!
3. LUNGS - CALM & QUIET Hyporeflexia - increased DTR
Depressed Shallow respirations 3. EYES - BUCK WILD!
4. GI - CALM & QUIET Abnormal eye movements (nystagmus)
Hypoactive bowel sounds 4. GI - BUCK WILD!
Diarhea

HYPERcalcemia (over 10.5) Hypocalcemia (below 9.0)

Keeps the 3 B’s Strong SWOLLEN & SLOW - MOANS, 1 T - Trousseau’s

Calcium B - Bone
GROANS & STONES
1. CONSTIPATION
T - Twerking arm with BP cuff on
2 C - Chvostek’s
C - Cheek smile when touched
9.0 - 10.5 B - Blood 2. BONE PAIN
3. STONES Renal Calculi (kidney stones) 3 Diarrhea
B - Beats (heart) 4. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES 4 Circumoral tingling
Decreased DTR 5 Weak bones
Severe muscle weakness

HYPERphosphatemia (over 4.5) Hypophosphatemia (below 3.0)

‘’LOW CALCIUM’’ BAJA CA+ Swollen & SLOW - MOAN,

Helps with bone & 1. TROUSSEAU’S SIGNS GROANS & STONES
teeth formation. 2. CHVOSTEK’S SIGNS
Phosphate Helps regulate calcium
3. DIARRHEA
4. WEAK B’s
1. CONSTIPATION
2. DECREASED DTR & SEVERE
3.0 - 4.5 Ca HIGH = Phosphate LOW Strong bones?
WEAK! (fractures)
MUSCLE WEAKNESS
3. DECREASED HR, RR
Ca LOW = Phosphate HIGH Strong blood clotting? 4. INCREASED BP
WEAK! (risk for bleeding)
Strong heart beats?
WEAK! (cardiac dysrhymias)

Downloaded by Razvan Rosca (rosca.razvan.2011@gmail.com)