TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

NAMA: OBBY WAHYU AN-NAFIS

KELAS : XII MIPA 1

1. Narrative Text
a. Difination (Pengertian)
A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people
b. Purpose (Tujuan)
The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader
with a story.
c. The Characteristics/Language Feature of Narrative Text
(Ciri-ciri/Kebahasaan Narrative Text)
1. Past tense (killed, drunk, etc)
2. Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)
3. Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
4. Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not
general. (Cinderella, Snow White, Alibaba, etc)
5. Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked,
etc)
6. Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White
said,”My name is Snow White). The direct speech uses present
tense.
d. Generic structure (Struktur)
1. Orientation; It is about the opening paragraph where the
characters of the story are introduced.
2. Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.
3. Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved.“happy
ending” ataupun buruk “bad ending”.
4. Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story.
e. Example (Contoh)
The Rabbit and the Turtle
One day a rabbit was boasting about how fast he could run. He was
laughing at the turtle for being so slow.
 Much to the rabbit’s surprise, the turtle challenged him to a race. The
rabbit thought this was a good joke and accepted the challenge. The
fox was to be the umpire of the race. As the race began, the rabbit
raced way ahead of the turtle, just like everyone thought.

The rabbit got to the halfway point and could not see the turtle
anywhere. He was hot and tired and decided to stop and take a short
nap. All this time the turtle kept walking step by step by step. He never
quit no matter how hot or tired he got. He just kept going.

However, the rabbit slept longer than he had thought and woke up. He
could not see the turtle anywhere! He went at full-speed to the finish
line but found the turtle there waiting for him.

2. Recount Text
a. Difination (Pengertian)
Recount text is a text that telling the reader about one story, action or
activity. Its goal is to entertaining or informing the reader. Or Recount is
a text which retells event or experiences in the past.
b. The Characteristics / Language Feature of Recount Text
(Ciri-ciri/Kebahasaan Recount Text)
1. Using the simple past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect
tense, and past perfect continuous tense.
2. Using temporal sequence, e.g. On Saturday. On Monday, On
Sunday
3. Focus on specific participant, e.g. I (the writer)
4. Using the conjunctions, such as: then, before, after, etc.
5. Using action verd, e.g. went, stayed
c. Purpose (Tujuan)
1. To retell past experience
2. 2. Entertain readers
3. Provide information to readers
 d. Generic structure (Struktur)
1. Provideives the readers the background information needed to
understand the text, such as who was involved, where it
happened, and when it happened.
2. Events : A series of events, ordered in a chronological
sequence.
3. Re-orientation :A personal comment about the event or what
happened in the end.

e. Example (Contoh)
A Beautiful Day at Jogja
Ditulis oleh Arsianti Dewi

Last week, my friends and I went to Jogja. We visited many places.

First, we visited Parangtritis beach. The sun shone brightly and the
scenery was very beautiful there. We felt the wind blew across to us.
We also saw a lot of people in that beach. There werw many birds flew
in the sky. Also, there were many sellers who sold many kinds of
souvenirs. Second, we visited Gembira Loka Zoo. We saw many kinds
of animals there such as monkeys, tigers, crocodiles, snakes, etc. We
looked around in that Zoo, and also took pictures of those animals.
Then, we felt hungry, so we went to a restaurant. As soon as we
finished our lunc, we decided to go home.
For me, that was a beautiful day though I could not visit Malioboro. We
really enjoyed it, and I hope I could visit Jogja again.

3. Descriptive Text
a. Difination(Pengertian)
Descriptive Text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like.
b. Language Feature of Descriptive Text ( Gaya Bahasa Teks Deskriptif)
1. Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and
unique (only one). For example: Bandengan beach, my house,
Borobudur temple, uncle Jim
 2. The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for
example: a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place
in Jepara, etc.
3. The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is
simple present because it tells the fact of the object described.
4. Action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run, sleep,
walk, cut etc.)
c. Purpose (Tujuan)
1. describe person, thing or place in specific
2. To describe a particular person, thing or place.
d. Generic structure (Struktur)
1. Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person,
place, animal or object will be described).
2. Description: contains a description of something such as animal,
things, place or person by describing its features, forms, colors, or
anything related to what the writer describes.
e. Example (Contoh)
Lembah Pelangi Waterfall
Lembah Pelangi Waterfall sounds unfamiliar for either local or foreign
tourists. Lembah Pelangi Waterfall is located in Sukamaju village,
Ulubelu sub district, Tanggamus district, Lampung province, Indonesia.
The access to this place is quite difficult because Ulu Belu sub district
is a remote area in Lampung with its hilly contours which make this
tourist spot elusive.

Lembah Pelangi Waterfall has two levels where the waterfall on the
second level has two branches. The height of the first level waterfall is
about 100 meters, while the second level waterfall is about dozens of
meters. The best enchantment of this waterfall is the rainbow which
appears between the valley and the waterfall as the name suggests.
The soft flowing gurgling waterfall sounds is like a chant of nature
which can remove the tiredness of the long trip to go there. Under the
waterfall, there are several spots of warm water which can be an
interesting spot for bathing.
 In this place, you will be shown a panorama of natural beauty which is
very interesting for every pair of eyes seeing it. Rocky hills
accompanied by leafy trees will actually soothe both your eyes.

4. Procedure Text
a. Difination (Pengertian)
1. Text that explain how something works or how to use
instruction/operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the
computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax.
2. Text that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes,
rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules.
3. Text that deal with human behavior, e.g. how to live happily,
how to succeed.
b. Language Feature of Procedure Text (Gaya bahasa Text Prosedur)
1. adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (first,
second, third, the last)
2. Use command / imperatif sentence (put the noodles on the, cut
the onion, wash the tomatoes
3. Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place,
manner accurate, for example, for five minutes, 2 hours, etc.
4. Using action verbs,( make, take, boil, cook)
5. Using Simple Present Tense
c. Purpose (Tujuan)
1. To explain / tell (the reader) how to make / operate / do
something through a sequence of actions or steps.
2. To explain steps / instruction to make / operate / do something
d. Generic structure (Struktur)
1. Goal/Aim
This text contains about purpose of making or operating of
something.
2. Materials/Equipment
 Materials consist of ingredients that are used in making
something. But not all parts of procedure text includes materials,
sometimes a procedure text does not have materials section.
3. Steps/Methods
4. Contains the steps or sequences that must be done so that the
objectives outlined in the aim/goal to be achieved. Steps or
sequences must be a sequence from the first to the last.
e. Example (Contoh)
HOW TO MAKE NASI UDUK

INGREDIENTS :
1. 2 cups of rice
2. 2 cups of coconut milk
3. 1 tsp salt
4. 1 pandan leaf
5. 1 jeruk purut leaf
6. 1 salam leaf
7. 1 lemon grass

UTENSILS :
1. Pan
2. Big pot
3. Steamer
4. Rice paddle

COOKING METHOD :
1. Cook the coconut milk with all the other ingredients except The rice.
2. Meanwhile, wash the rice in another big pot.
3. When the coconut milk comes to a boil, pour it in the pot filled with
rice and stir frequently until all the liquid is absorbed.
4. Move the rice to a steamer until it is cooked.
5. Take out the leaves before serving.

PRESENTATION :
 1. Serve hot on a platter with shredded omelet and a mixture of fried
peanuts and fried onions.
2. Garnish the platter with sliced cucumber, tomato and green leaves.
This recipe makes 4 servings.

5. News Text
a. Difination (Pengertian)
News item text is a text which informs readers about events of the day.
The events are considered newsworthy or important.
It means if there is an important event that should be known by many
people, then this event deserves news. Well, the news text is called the
news item text. However, if there are events that people do not
deserve, then they are not definitely worth to be news.
b. Language Feature of News Item (Gaya bahasa)
1. Focusing on circumstances (using a simple language in writing
the text)
2. Using saying verbs: She said, informed, told, reported.
3. Sometimes at the beginning of news, the scene is mentioned :
Jakarta/ Kuala Lumpur.
4. Using Past tense in explaining news events. But if it is a fact that
until now still happen or still in the form of fact, then can use
simple present tense.
5. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline.
6. Using adverbs: time, place and manner.
7. Uses of material processes to retell the eventnotneric

c. Purpose (Tujuan)
1. News Item Text is used to inform readers about events of the
day which are considered newsworthy or important.
2. To inform the readers about newsworthy or important events of
the day
3. To present information the readers about newsworthy or
important events of the day
 d. Generic Structure of News (Struktur Umum Text Berita)
1. Main Events / Newsworthy event(s): it recounts the event in
summary form.
2. Elaboration / Background event(s): they elaborate what
happened, to whom, in what circumstance
3. Resource of Information (Source) : it contains comments by
participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event
e. Example (Contoh)

Didi Petet Died

Veteran actor Didi Widiatmoko, popularly known as Didi Petet, died at
the age of 58 at his residence in Sasak Tinggi, Ciputat, South
Tangerang, on Friday morning.
Didi’s niece Muthia Kautsar said that Didi, who starred in a number of
comedy and drama films in the 1980s and 1990s, collapsed and lost
consciousness when attending an expo in Milan, Italy, recently.
“He just arrived home on May 10 after attending the exhibition. In that
city, he collapsed and lost consciousness and returned home in a
wheelchair,” she said.
On Tuesday, Didi was taken to Bandung for treatment. Muthia said no
diseases were detected but he died on Friday.
Didi’s body is laid out in his residence on Jl. Bambu Apus in Sasak
Tinggi, Ciputat, South Tangerang. It has yet to be decided when and
where he will be buried.

6. Analycal Exposition Text

a. Difination (Pengertian)
Analytical Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the
phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader
that the idea is important matter, and to analyze the topic that the
thesis/opinion is correct by developing an argument to support it.
b. The Characteristics / Language Feature of Analytical Exposition Text
(Ciri-Ciri/Ciri Bahasa Analytical Exposition Text:
 1. relational process
2. Using internal conjunction
3. Using causal conjunction
4. Using Simple Present Tense
5. Using compound and complex sentence.
6. Use word that link argument, such as firstly, secondly, and
reasoning through causal conjunction, such as in addition,
furthermore, however, therefore
c. Purpose (Tujuan)
To convince the reader that the topics presented was an important
topic to be discussed or gained attention by way of providing
arguments or opinions that support the main idea or topic.
d. Generic Structure (Struktur)
1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s point of
view.
2. Argument : Explaining the argument to support the writer’s
position. The number of arguments may vary, but each
argument must be supported by evidence and explanation.
3. Reiteration: Restating the writer’s point of view / to strengthen
the thesis. We can use the following phrase to make conclusion
in reiteratio
e. Example (Contoh)
Building Strong Relationship
Since building Indonesian nation in 1945, Indonesia shared a positive
and friendly relationship with Australia.

In 1947 Australia from supported Indonesia’s struggle for

independence by placing embargos on Dutch supplies, arms and
troops. Australian dock workers went on strike and significant numbers
of Australians demonstrated in the streets in support of Indonesian
independence. The Dutch were unable to ship supplies through
Australian ports during this period.
 Much of the support Australians gave to Indonesians was based on the
friendship that developed between Australian soldiers and the
Indonesia people at the end of the Second World War. There was also
a strong anti-imperialist mood among some sections of the Australian
population at that time.
It is significant for Indonesia and Asian neighbors to strengthen the
relationship.

7. Hortatory Exposition Text

a. Difination (Pengertian)
Hortatory exposition is a text which represents the attempt of the writer
to have the addressee do something or act in certain way.
b. The Characteristics / Language Feature of Hortatory Text (Ciri-Ciri
Kebahasaan Hortatory Exposition Text)
1. Focusing on the writer
2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
3. Using action verb
4. Using thinking verb
5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
8. Using passive voice
9. Using simple present tense
c. Purpose (Tujuan)
Hortatory exposition is used to persuade the reader or listener that
something should pr should not be the case.
d. Generic Structure (Struktur)
1. Thesis : Thesis is the announcement of issue concern.
2. Arguments : Argument is reason for concern, leading to
recommendation.
3. Recommendation : Recommendation is statement of what ought or
ought to happen.
 e. Example (Contoh)
Never Try Smoking
A lot of people, especially teenagers, who do not smoke, always want
to try smoking. They know it is bad for them and all, but it is just
something they want to try. So they ask one of their smoker friends for
a cigarette. Admittedly, they firstly can not light it on their own so they
ask his friend to do it. Then they inhale that cigarette and smoke
occasionally.
Apparently that makes them the born smokers. Now they do smoke
fairly regularly. They can not avoid smoking and they enjoy too. They
have smoker friends. Everyday they bring a pack in their pocket. For
them, a pack of cigarette is as important as a wallet for their money.
Suddenly, for certain reason, they realize the fact that tobacco is the
cause of a long list of nasty diseases. It is not only heart disease,
stroke, and chronic lung disease but also bladder, lung, and pancreatic
cancer. Even it was reported that around 400,000 Americans died each
year. It was one every 80 seconds from tobacco-related illnesses.
Then they decide it is stupid to harm selves. They want to quit
smoking. Unfortunately, they find that quitting smoking is so difficult.
“Why can’t I stop smoking? I really want to stop it”. It is hard to quit
because nicotine is powerfully addictive. Cigarette is one of the most
efficient drug-delivery devices ever devised. As result, when people try
to quit smoking, they often experience classic nicotine withdrawal
symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, headache, depression, and
restlessness.
Well, still want to try smoke? Think the facts before trying! If you are
not smoker, you should never and never try to smoke.

8. Report Text
a. Difination (Pengertian)
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It
is as a result of systematic observation and analyses.
b. The Characteristics / Language Feature of Report text (Ciri-Ciri Bahasa
Report Text)
 1. Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular
nouns, eg our dog;
2. Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny
particles;
3. Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus
cannot fly;
4. Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical
cyclones always begin over the sea;
5. Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather
map;
6. Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of
information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus
of the clause.
c. Purpose (Tujuan)
1. Its social purpose is presenting information about something.
They generally describe an entire class of things, whether
natural or made: mammals, the planets, rocks, plants, countries
of region, culture, transportation, and so on.
2. To presents information about something, as it is
d. Generic Structure (Struktur)
1. Clasification ; Stating classification of general aspect of thing;
animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in
general
2. Description : tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in
terms of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors.
e. Example (Contoh)
Pigeon
Pigeon refers to all birds of the family Columbidae and order
Columbiformes. They consist of 310 species. Some people may also
know them as “Doves”. There is no clear distinction between the use of
the word “pigeons” and “doves” until today. But generally, the word
“Pigeons” is used to address the species known as the Rock Dove,
while the word “Doves” is used to address a pigeon that is white.
 Pigeons exhibit various size and color based on their species. The
smallest species may have the size of 15 cm and weight 30 g, while
the largest species can grow up to 75 cm with the body weight of 2 kg.
Some of their color are: pale gray, white, brown, reddish and black.
Most of them have two black bars on their wings. They have a small
head with short beak. Their body is compact with two large and
muscular wings and two short legs on it.

Pigeons can be found almost in any region in the world. They have
been domesticated since 10.000 years ago. They have been used by
humans for several purposes such as courier to deliver short written
messages, sacred symbols in a wedding ceremony, entertainment in a
magic show and also as a racing birds. Some species are also edible
and they are served as food in some places

9. Spoff Text
a. Difination (pengertian)
Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with
unpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and
share the story.
Atau
Spoof is a type of story which have has twist (funny part in the end of
the story). It contains an unpredictable event which makes the story
funny.
b. The Characteristics / Language Feature of Spoof Text (Ciri-Ciri/
Kebahasaan Spoof Text)
1. Focusing on individual participant
2. Use of material process
3. Use of circumstance of time and place
4. Use of past tense
5. Use of direct speech for the dialog
6. Using action verb; ate, ran, etc
7. Using adverb of time and place
8. Told in chronological order
c. Purpose (Tujuan)
1. entertain / amuse the reader with a funny story.
2. To tell a short story or event with a humorous twist.
d. Generic Structure (Struktur)
1. Orientation (introduction of the participant of the story, where it
happen and when. By giving the orientation, reader will
recognize the story)
2. Events (tells about the chronological of the story. Several events
are explored in chronological way which able to arrange the
story read nicely.)
3. Twist (an unpredictable plot in the end of the story which
amuses the reader. Readers even did not predict before that it
would be)
e. Example
Penguin in the Park

Once a man was walking in a park when he come across a penguin.

He took him to a policeman and said, “I have just found this penguin.
What should I do?” The policeman replied, “take him to the zoo”.
The next day the policeman saw the same man in the same park and
the man still carrying the penguin with him. The policeman was rather
supriseed and walked up to the man and asked “why are you still
carrying that penguin about? Didn’t you take it to the zoo?”
“I certainly did” replied the man.
“And it was a great idea because he really enjoyed it, so today I am
taking him to the moviest, and the next day I’ll take it to the beach. It’ll
be so much fun” said the man.
“Owh my God. You are so stupid. I asked you to take the penguin and
give it to the zoo. I didn’t ask to take it to the zoo and had fun there with
it.” Policemen said.
10. Explanation Text
a. Difination (Pengertian)
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of
natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to
say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found
in science, geography and history text books.
b. Language Features of Explanation Text (Gaya Bahasa Teks
Eksplanasi)
1. Using simple present tense
2. Using abstract noun (no visible noun)
3. Using Passive voice
4. Using Action verbs
5. Containing explanation of the process.
c. Purpose (Tujuan)
1. Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of
natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
2. To explain how or why something happens.
d. Generic structure (Struktur)
1. General statement
General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to
be explained.
2. Sequenced of explanation
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain
the phenomena.
e. Example (Contoh)
How Chocolate is Made
Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will
enter the amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we
are eating.
Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial
regions, especially in place such as South America, Africa, and
Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small
pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree’s seeds. They are also known
as coco beans.
 Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After
that they are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker
starts processing by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour.
Different beans from different places have different qualities and
flavour. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive
mix.
The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to
remove the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are
blended. The blended nibs are grounded to make it liquid. The liquid is
called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.
All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not
different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why they ground
nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.

11. Discussion Text

a. Difination (Pengertian)
Discussion is a process of finding common ground between two
different thoughts, views or opinions. And discussion text can be
defined :
Discussion text is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This
problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is
commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text. In other
word, Discussion is a kind of genre used to present (at least) two points
of view about an issue.
b. Language Features of Discussion Text (Gaya Bahasa Teks Diskusi)
1. Introducing category or generic participant
2. Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
3. Using contrastive conjunction; however, on the other hand, but,
in other side, although, etc
4. Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
5. Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc
6. Simple present
c. Purpose (Tujuan)
1. To present two points of view about issue or problem.
 2. To present arguments from differing points of view about issue
or problem.
d. Generic structure (Struktur)
1. Issue : stating the issue which is to discussed
2. Argument pro : presenting the point in supporting the presented
issue
3. Argument cons : presenting other points which disagree to the
supporting point
4. Conclusion / recommendation : stating the writer’
recommendation of the discourse
e. Example (Contoh)
National Exam: Pro and Contra?
National exam becomes the hot topic in most of discussions among
students, teachers, and parents. Some people believe that national
exam is not necessary for students as a requirement to be able
graduate from a school. In other hand, other people see national exam
as an important indicator to know whether students have mastered all
school materials or not. The debate among society about national
examination goes on until now.
For people who agree, national exam is necessary for students as a
requirement to graduate from a school. People who support the
national exam explain that the quality of the Indonesia education will
drop without the national exam, so they try to defend the current
system. They also think that national examination can motivate
students to study harder.
However there are people who disagree with the opinion. Those who
against this national exam kept in school education say that it doesn’t
need the national exams because the quality of education does not just
depend on the national exam. Further, the national exam only
measures a small portion of students’ competence in specific subjects,
and does not measure students’ competences throughout the
semester.
In conclusion, national examination can still be useful as an instrument
to evaluate or detect the level of students’ cognitive competence in
 several subjects, on a national scale. However, it is not fair if only
national exam score that judge whether students pass or not.
Government should make a regulation that national exam is not the
only requirement for students to graduate. There should be other
requirements added such as students’ daily score, behavior, and
achievement.

12. Review Text

a. Difination (Pengertian)
Review text is an evaluation of a publication, such as a movie, video
game, musical composition, book; a piece of hardware like a car, home
appliance, or computer; or an event or performance, such as a live
music concert, a play, musical theatre show or dance show.
b. The Characteristics / Language Feature of Review Text
(Ciri-Ciri/Kebahasaan Teks Ulasan)
1. on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor style Review Texy Simple
c. Purpose (Tujuan)
Review text is used to critic the events or art works for the reader or
listener, such as movies, shows, book, and others.
d. Generic structure (Struktur)
1. Orientation : Background information of the text.
2. Evaluations : Concluding statement : judgement, opinion, or
recommendation. It can consist ot more than one.
3. Interpretative Recount : Summary of an art works including
character and plot.
4. Evaluative Summation : The last opinion consisting the appraisal
or the punch line of the art works being criticized.
e. Example (Contoh)
Film Spider-Man: Homecoming
Spider-Man: Homecoming is a fun movie about one of Marvel’s most
enduringly popular characters. Starring an actual teen (Tom Holland)
 as web-slinging high schooler Peter Parker, its spirit is very much in
line with the original comics. As always with Spider-Man, there are
messages about power and responsibility, finding strength within
yourself, being brave, and persevering.
Clever, funny, and true to the Spider-Man spirit, this take on everyone’s
favorite web-slinger is thoroughly entertaining. The world was
understandably skeptical of yet another Spidey reboot, but in this case,
it was the right call. Even more than the Toby Maguire and Andrew
Garfield takes on the wall crawler — as good as those were — Spider-
Man: Homecoming really captures the tone of the original comics. A
large part of that is thanks to the fact that, for the first time on the big
screen, Peter is being played by an actual teenager.
It’s not a perfect film; the plot doesn’t always have a totally clear
trajectory. And while Tony and Peter’s lack of communication/mutual
frustration brings to mind Harry’s relationship with Professor
Dumbledore during some of the Harry Potter saga, their dynamic
brings something new and powerful to the Marvel-verse as well: true
mentorship.
‘Spider-Man: Homecoming’ – the 16th installment in the Marvel
Cinematic Universe – might just be one of the best ones yet! The latest
Spider-Man movie introduces us to a new, hilarious, middle-school
aged Peter Parker (Tom Holland), who is facing multiple difficulties in
his teenage life. While he’s trying to prove to his new mentor, Tony
Stark/Iron Man (Robert Downey Jr), that he has what it takes to
become an Avenger.

13. Tenses
a. Present
1. Simple Present Tense
The simple present tense is the tense form most commonly used in
everyday life. Usually, the simple present tense is used to express
facts, tell an event, or a habit that is happening in the present.
The formula used to form the simple present tense :
Subject + Verb 1 (Present Form)
 Examples of Positive Sentences (Positive): “ They speak Korean
very well .”
Examples of Negative Sentences (Negative): “ They do n’t speak
Korean .”
Examples of Question Sentences (Question): “ Do they speak
Korean?”
2. Present Continuous Tense
Unlike the simple present tense , the present continuous tense is
used to tell about events that were taking place while you were
speaking.
Rumus: Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)
example of sentences (Positive): “She is working on her homework
now.”
example of sentences (Negative): “She is not working on her
homework now.”
example of sentences (Question): “Is she working on her homework
now?”
example of sentences (To tell future plans): “Mark is moving to a
new school next month.”
3. Present Perfect Tense
Generally, the present perfect tense is a tense to tell an action or
action that is ongoing or has just finished
Rumus: Subject + has/have + Verb 3 (Past Participle Form)
Here is an example sentence:
example of sentences (Positive): “They have seen the movie Spider-
Man: No way home.”
example of sentences (Negative): “They have not seen the movie
Spider-Man: No way home.”
example of sentences (Question): “Have they seen the movie
Spider-Man: No way home?”

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

 The present perfect continuous tense is used to show an action that
was completed at a point in the past and is still continuing to the
present
Rumus: Subject + has/have + been + Verb -ing (Continuous
Form)
example of sentences (Positive): “I have been thinking about it.”
example of sentences (Negative): “I have not been thinking about it.”
example of sentences (Question): “Have I been thinking about it?”

b. Pasttens
1. Simple past tense
In this case, the simple past tense is used to tell an event, habit,
state a fact, or a situation that happened in the past.
Rumus: Subject + Verb II (Past Form)
example of sentences (Positive): “They called their friends
yesterday.”
example of sentences (Negative): “They did not call their friends
yesterday.”
example of sentences (Question): “Did they call their friends
yesterday?”
2. Past Continuous Tense
Slightly more complex, according to its function, the past continuous
tense is a form of tense to tell events that were happening in the
past
Rumus yang umum dipakai: Subject + was/were + Verb -ing
(Continuous Form)
example of sentences (Positive): “I was washing my clothes when
the phone rang.”
example of sentences (Negative): “I was not washing my clothes
when the phone rang.”
example of sentences (Question): “Was I washing my clothes when
the phone rang?”
3. Past Perfect Tense
 The past perfect tense is used to express an action that happened
before a certain time in the past.
Rumus: Subject + had + Verb 3 (Past Participle Form)
example of sentences (Positive): “The girl had cried before her
mother came.”
example of sentences (Negative): “The girl had not cried before her
mother came.”
example of sentences (Question): “Had the girl cried before her
mother came?”
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
This tense is used to tell something that happened in the past and
was finished at a certain point in time in the past.
Rumus: Subject + had + been + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)
example of sentences (Positive): “She had been studying math all
day.”
example of sentences (Negative): “She had not been studying math
all day.”
example of sentences (Question): “Had she been studying math all
day?”