1.

Recount

 Identification
Recount text is a text that telling the reader about one story , action or
activity.
 Purpose
To tell the readers what happened in the past trough a sequence of events .
 Generic structure
 Orientation: introducing the participants, place, and time.
 Events: describing series of event that happened in the past.
 Reorientation: it is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer
to the story.
 Language features
 introducing personal participant : I, my, group, etc.
 using chronogical connection: then, first, etc.
 using linking verb: look, go, change, etc.
 using action verb: look, go, change, etc.
 using simple past tense.
 Example

My day
I had a terrible day yesterday. First, I woke up an hour late because my alarm clock
didn`t go off. Then, I was in such a hurry that I burned my hand when I was making
breakfast. After breakfast, I go dressed so quickly that I forgot to wear socks.
Next, I ran out of the house trying to get the 09:30 bus, but of course I missed it. I
wanted to take a taxi, but I didn`t have enough money.
Finally, I walked the three miles to my school only to discover that it was Sunday! I
hope I never have a day as the one I had yesterday.

 The word difficult

 Terrible :buruk sekali
 Quickly :dengan cepat
 Such :sangat
 Burned :membakar
 Dressed :berpakaian
 Missed :kehilangan
 Enough :cukup

2.Report
  Identification
A report text is atype of the text that announce the result of an
investigation something. The information given in a report text is a very
general information.
 Purpose
Social function of report text is to present information about something
generally to the reader.
 Generic structure
General clasification: stating classification of general aspect of
thing:animal, public place, plant,etc , which will be discussed in
general.
Description: tells what the phenomenon under discussion
discussion:in terms of parts , qualities, habits or behaviors.
 Language features
 Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular
nouns, eg: our dog.
 Us of relathing verbs to describe features, eg: molecules are tiny
particles.
 Some us of action verbs when describing behaviour,eg:emus
cannot fly.
 Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness eg:tropical
cylones always begin over the sea.
 Use of technical terms eg:isobar arelines drawn on weather map.
 Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bandles of
information repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of
the clause.

 Example
Komodo dragon
Do you know what is the largest lizard? This lizard is called komodo. It lives in the
scrub and woodland of a few indonesia islands. Komodo dragon is the world`s heaviest
lizard, weighing 150 pounds or more. The largest komodo ever measured was more than 10
feet (3 meters) long and weighed 366 pounds (166 kg) but the average size of komodo in the
wild is about 8 feet (2.5 meters) long and 200 pounds (91 kg).
Komodo has gray scaly skin, a pointed snout, powerfull limbs and a muscular tail. They
use their keen sense of smell to locate decaying animal remains from several miles away.
They also hunt other lizards as well as large mammals and are sometimes cannibalistic.
 The komodo dragon`s teeth are almost completely covered by its gums bleed, creating
an ideal culture for virulent bacteria. The bacteria that live in the komodo dragon`s saliva
causes septicemia, or blood poisoning, in its victims. A dragon will bite its prey, then follow
it until the animal is too weak to carry on.
This lizard spesies is threatened by hunting, loss of prey spesies and habitat loss.

 The word difficult

 Woodland :tanah berhutan

 Weighing :timbang
 Measured :telah di perhitungkan
 Weighed :mempertimbangkan
 Average :sedang
 Sense :rasa
 Decaying :membusuk
 Remains :bangkai
 Septicemia :keracunan darah
 Threatened :terancam
3.procedure
o Identification
A text that is designed to describe how to something is achieved though a
sequence of actions or steps.
o Pupose
The purpose of the procedure text is to show how something is done
through sequence of steps which enable tehe reader to achieve the goal.
o Generic structure
 Goal: it is containt the purpose of the text. (e.g : how to make spagheti).
 Material or ingredient: it is containt of the materials that used in the process.
(e.g : the material to cook omellete are egg, onio, vegetable oil,etc.)
 Step: it is containt of the steps to make something in the goal . (e.g :
first, wash the tomatoes, onion,……, second cut the onions becomes slice…..).

o Language features
 Use adverbial of sequence/ using temporal conjunction (e.g: first,
second, third, the last).
 Use command/ imperative sentence (e.g: put the noodles on
the….., cut the onion…, wash the tomatoes….).
 Using action verbs
 Using simple present tense
o Example

How to make a glass of coffe

Material:

 Water
 Sugar
 Coffe
 Glass
 Spoon
 Kettle
Steps:
 Boil the water first.
 Second, take two spoon of coffe and two spoons of sugar. Put into a glass.
 Next, pour the hot water into a glass.
 Then, stir it gently
 Finally, your coffe is ready to drink.

o The word difficult

 Boil :merebus
  Take :mengambil
 Spoons :sendok
 Put :meletekkan
 Pour :menuangkan
 Gently :perlahan

4.descriptive
 Identification
Descrptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like.
 Purpose
- to describe person, thing or place in specific.
- To describe a particularperson, thing or place.
 Generic structure
# identification: (contains about the introduction of a person, place,
animal or object will be describe).
# description: contains a description of something such as animal, things,
place or person by describing its features, forms, colors, or anything
related to what the writer describe.
 Language features
- Specific participant: has a certain object, is not common and
unique(only one). For example: bandengan beach, my house,
borobudur templr,uncle jim.
- The use of the adjective ( an adjective) to clarify the noun,
forexample: a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place in
jepara, etc.
- The use of simple present tense: the sentence pattern used is simple
present because it tells the fact of the object describe.
- Action verb: verbs that show an activity( for example, run, sleep,
walk, cut,etc).

 Example
Monas National Monument
 Monas National Monument is a 132-meter tower in the center of Merdeka Square, Central
Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, is the capital of the state. It is symbolizes the struggle for Indonesian
independence of our country.

The Monument consist of a 117.7 m obelisk on a 45 m square platfrom at a height of 17 m.

towering monument symbolizes the philosophy of lingga and yoni. Resembles a phallus, or pestle
mortar pestle and yoni resembles rice or mortar, two important things in the tradition of Indonesian
agriculture.

Construction began in 1961 under the direction of president Sukarno, the first president of
the us and the monument was opened to the public in 1975. It is toppened by a flame covered with
gold foil, and now the monument calls.

 The word difficult

 Struggle :memperebutkan
 Independence :kemerdekaan
 Resembles :menyerupai
 Pestle :masa lalu
 Important :penting
 Construction :pembuatan
 Direction :arah
 Toppened :mengalahkan

5. News item
Identification
News item is atext that informs the readers about newsworthy or
important events of the day.
Purpose
The purpose of news item text is to inform the readers about
newsworthy orimportant events of the day.
Generic structure
- Main events/ newsworthy event(s): it recounts the event in
summary form.
- Elaboration/background event(s):they elaborate what
happened, to whom, in what circumstance.
- Resource of information(source): in, contains comments by
participants in witnesses to and authorities expert on the
event.

Language features
 - focusing on circumstances(using a simple language in
writing the text)
- using saying verbs(….,she said,informed, told, reported.
- Sometimes at the beginning of news, the scene is
mentioned: jakarta , kuala lumpur
- Using past tense in the explaining news events. But if it is a
fact, than can use simple present tense.
- Short, telegraphic information about story captured in
headline.
- Using adverbs: time, place and manner.
- Uses of material processesto retell the event.
Example

Didi petet died

Veteran actor Didi Widiatmoko, popularly known as didi petet, died at the age of 58
at his residence in Sasak Tinggi, Ciputat South Tanggerang, on Friday morning . Didi`s niece
Mutia Kautsar said that Didi, who starred In a number of comedy and drama films in the
1980s and 1990s, collapsed and lost consciousness when attending and expo in Milan, Italy,
recently.
“He just arrived home on May 10 after attending the exhibition. In that city, he
collapsed and lost consciousness and returned home in a wheelchair,” she said.
One Tuesday , Didi was taken to Bandung for treatment. Muthia said no diseases
were detected but the died on Friday. Didi`s body is laid out in his residence on Jl. Bambu
Apus in Sasak Tinggi,Ciputat, South Tanggerang. It has yat to be decided when and where he
will be buried.
The word difficult
- Residence : tempat tinggal
- Collapsed :kerobohan
- Consciousness :kesadaran
- Wheelchair :kursi roda
- Attending :penghadiran
- Exhibition :pameran
- Returned :di kembalikan
- Treatment :cara untuk pengobatan
- Diseases :panyakit

6. Recount
  Identification
Recount is atext which retells event or experience in the past.
 Purpose
Its goal is to entertaining or informing the reader.
 Generic structure
- orientation: it gives the readers the background information needed to
understand the text, such as who was involved, where it happened, and
when it happened.
- Events: a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence.
- Re orientation: a personal comment about the event or what
happened in the end.
 Language features
- Using the simple past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect
tense, and past perfect continuous tense.
- Using temporal sequence, e.g. on Saturday. On Monday, on
Sunday.
- Focus on specific participant, e.g. I (the writer).
- Using the conjunctions, such as: then, before, after,etc.
- Using action verb,e.g: went, stayed.
 Example

My First Time In Yogyakarta

My family and I went to my grandmother’s house in Yogyakarta last month. It

was my first trip to this city. We went there two days after my sister’s gradution ceremony in
Semarang. We arrived at Yogyakarta at night. We spent a week staying in my grandmother’s
house which is 5 minutes away by foot to Malioboro street.

In the first morning, we were still too tired after a long trip from Semarang to
Yogyakarta. So we decided to stay at home to recharge our energy. I walk around the
neighborhood with my sister just to experience how it is like to be in Yogyakarta. There were
too many house, I think, which made the space between a house and the other was so small,
even the road was also small that only bicycle and motorcycle can go through.

On the second day, all of us went to Malioboro street. We saw so many merchant
with various of product which they claim to be a traditional product of Yogyakarta. I bought
some wooden figurine and T-shirt with the word “Yogyakarta” printed on it, while my sister
bought some leather handbag. My mom and dad were busy choosing some merchandise to be
brought home when we go back.

On the third day, we went to Taman Sari and Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
to see some historical building in Yogyakarta. We took a lot of picture there. We also took
some picture of the building so we can check it again at home. We found some place
providing Yogya traditional food around the building and we jumped in right away.
 We spent the rest of our week in Yogyakarta by visiting some Shopping Malls
such as Jogja City Mall, Malioboro Mall, Hartono Mall and Ambarrukmo Plaza. We realized
that Yogyakarta turned out to be very warm during the day, that was the reason why we
decided to spend more time in air conditioned building like this.

 The word difficult

- Recharge :menggisi(baterai)

- Decided :jelas

- Realized :direalisir

- Choosing :memilih

- Building :pendirian

- Providing :asal saja

- Bought :membeli

7.Analytical exposition
 Identification
Analytical exposition is a text that elaborates the writer`s idea about
the phenomenon
 Purpose
To persuade the reader that the idea is important matter, and to
analyze the topic that the thesis/ opinion is correct by developing an
argument to support it.
 Generic structure
- Thesis: introducing the topic and indicating the writer`s point
of view.
- Argument: explaning the argument to support the writer`s
position. The number of argument must be supported by
evidence and explanation.
- Reiteration: restating the writer`s point of view/ to
strengthen the thesis. We can use the following phrase to
make conclusion in reiteration.
 Language features
- Using relational process
- Using causal conjunction
- Using internal conjunction
- Using simple present tense
- Using compound and complex sentence
 - Uce word that link argument, such as firstly, secondly,
conjunction, such as in addition, furthermore,
however,therefore.

 Example
Is smoking good for us?
Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50 thousands
people die every year in britain as direct result of smoking.this is seven times as many as die
in road accidents. Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.
Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes a
day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. If we smoke
twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen greater.
Ninety five percent of people who suffer of bronchitis are people who are smoking.
Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of hear disease than non smokers.
Additionally, children of smokers are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In
one hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he
had smoked fifteen cigarettes. Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because
theydo make much money from smoking habit. Smoking however is not good for every body
else.
 The word difficult
- Britain :negeri Inggris, Britania
- Accidents :kebetulan
- Nearly :hampir
- Cigarerettes :rokok
- Additionally :tambahan
- Develop :berkembang
- Breathes :bernafas

8.hortatory exposition
 Identification
Hortatory exposition is a text which represents the attempt of the
writer to have the addressee do semething or act in certain way.
 Purpose
To persuade the reader or listener that something should pr should
not be the case
 Generic structure
- Thesis: thesis is the announcement is issue concern
 - Arguments: argument is reason for concern, leading to
recommendation
- Recommendation: recommendation is ststement of what
ought or ought to happen.
 Language features
- Focusing on the writer
- Using abstract noun, policy, advantage, etc.
- Using action verb
- Using thinking verb
- Using modal adverb, certainly, surely, etc
- Using temporal connrctive, fistly, secondly, etc
- Usong evaluative words, important, valuable, trustworthy
words, important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
- Using passive voice
- Using simple present tense

 Example
Corruption

Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between
money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the
united states. It`s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable
survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in
the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all.
Entrepreneurs who want to minimize theoir tax payments tend to do such a thing more
often. They even bribe the officials.
Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing
the corruptors is till not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from
getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone
should be involved in theeffort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.
 The word difficult
o Intensity :kehebatan
o Reliable :dapat di percaya
o Smuggling :menyelundupkan
o Entrepreneurs :pengusaha
o Payments :bayaran
o Measures :bertindak
o Younger :lebih muda
9.spoof
 Identification
Spoof is atext which tells factual story, happened in the past time with
unpredictable and funny ending. It`s social function is to entertain and share
the story.
 Purpose
To entertain the readers with funny story.
 Generic structure
 Orientation ( introducing of the participant of the story, where it
happen and when. By giving the orientation, reader will recognize
the story.)
 Events( tells about the chronogical of the story. Several events are
explored in chronogical way which able to arrange the story read
nicely.)
 Twist (an unpredictablle plot in the end of the story which amuses
the reader. Readers even did not predict before that it would be)
 Language features
 Focusing on individual participant
 Use of material process
 Use of circumstance of time and place
 Use of past tense
 Use of direct speech for the dialog
 Using action verb: ate, ran, etc
 Using adverb of time and place
 Told in chronological order
 Example
“Honey what is for supper?”
An elderly gentleman of 85 feared his wife was getting hard of hearing. So one
day he called her doctor to make an appointment to have her hearing checked.
The doctor made an appointment for a hearing test in two weks, and meanwhile
there`s a simple informal test the husband could do to give the doctor some idea of the
state of her problem.
“Here`s what you do,” said the doctor. “start out about 40 feet away from, her
and in a normal conversational speaking tone see if she hears you. If not, go to 30 feet, then
20 feet, and so on untill you get a response.”
That evening, the wife in the kitchen cooking dinner and he`s in the living room.
He tries to ask,”honey,what`s for supper?”
No response.
 So the husband moved to the other end of the room, about 30 feet from his wife
and repeats, “honey, what`s for supper?”
Still no response.
Next the moves into the dining room where he is about 20 feet from his wife
and asks, “honey, what`s for supper?”
Again he gets no response.
So she walks up to the kitchen door, only 10 feet away, “honey, what`s for
supper?”
Again three is no response.
So he walks right up behind her. “ honey, what`s for supper?”
“oh my good, for the fifth time: CHICKEN !”

 The word dIfficult

 Feared :menakutkan
 Hearing :mendengar
 Appointment :janji pertemuan
 Meanwhile :sementara itu
 Response :jawaban
 Conversational :percakapan

10.explanation
 Identification
Explanation is atext which tells processes relating to forming of natural,
social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say “why” and
“how” of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geoghraphy and history
text books.
 Purpose
To explain how or why something happens.
 Generic structure
- General statement: stating the phenomenon issues which are to
be explained.
- Sequenced explanation: stating a series of steps which explain
the phenomena.
 Language features
- Featuring generic participant:sun,rain, etc.
- Using chronological connection: to begin with,next,etc.
- Using simple present tense.
  Example

How Roman roads were built

The system of roads for mobility has been begun early decades. It was started
since the Roman Empire conquered the world. The roads in Roman era were known as the
best construction .
The romans built roads are for the purpose of mobility, especially for the army.
Having the best road, the army could march from one place to another. They built the roads
a straight as possible , so that army could take the shortest route.
It is interesting to know how the roads were built, which some of them are still
in use today. First, the Romans builders would clear the ground of rocks and trees. Then
they dug a trench where the road was to go and filled it with big stone. Next, they put in big
stones, pebbles,cement and sand which they packed down to make a firm base. After that,
they added another layer of cement mixed with broken tiles. On top of that through
construction, then they put paving stones to make the plat surface.
These stones were cut so that they fitted together tightly. As the finishing touch,
kerb stones wereput at each sides of the road to hold in the paving stones. It was also used
to make a chanel for the water to run away.

 The word difficult

- Conquered :menaklukkan
- Straight :lurus
- Built :membangu
- Trench :parit
- Packed :membungkus
- Stones :batuan
- Surface :permukaan
11.Discussion
 Identification
Discussion is a kind of genre used to present (at least) two points of
view about an issue. Discussion is a text which presents a problematic
discourse. This problem will be discussed from different
viewpoints.dic=scussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and
social text.
 Purpose
The purpose discussion text is present arguments and information from
differing view points. Discussion texts are usually written in the present tense.
 Generic structure
- Statement os issue: stating the issue which is to discussed
- List of supporting points: presenting the point in supporting the
presented issue.
- List of contrastive point: presenting other points which disagree to
the supporting point.
- Recommendation: stating the writer`s recommendation of the
discourse.
 Language feature
- Introducing category or generic participant.
- Using thinking verb: feel, hope,believe,etc.
- Using connection: similarly, on the hand, however, etc.
- Using modalities: must, should, could, may, etc.
- Using adverbal of manner: deliberately, hopefullt,etc.
 Example

The adventage and disadvantage of nuclear power

Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various
part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at calder Hall in
Cumbria,England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine.
Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world`s energy needed, and produces huge
amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The
adventages of nuclear plant are as follow:
 It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
 It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect.
 It produces huge amount of energy from small amount of uranium.
 It produces small amount of waste, it is reliable.
 On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up
and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is
reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear
accident can be a major accident. People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In
the1990`s nuclear power was the feastest growing source of power in many parts of the
world.

 The word difficult

- Submarines :kapal selam
- Amounts :sejumlah
- Advantages :keuntungan
- Contribute :menyumbang
- Sealed :tertutup
- Furthermore :selanjutnya
- Increasingly :semakin
- Concerned :prihatin

12.review text
 Identification
Review text is an evaluation of a publication, such as a movie, vidio
game, musical composition, book: a piece of hardware like a car, home
appliance, such as a live music cincert, a play, musical theatre show or dance
show.
 Purpose
Review text is used critic the events or art works for the redaer or
listener, such as movie, shows, book, and others.
 Generic structure
- Orientation: background information of the text.
- Evaluations: concluding statement: judgement,opinion, or
recommendation. It can consist ot more than one.
- Interpretative recount: summary of an art works including sharacter
and plot.
- Evaluative summation: the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the
punch line of the art works being criticized.
 Language features
- Focus on specific participants.
- Using adjectives.
- Using long and complex clauses.
- Using metaphor style review texy simple.
  Example
“Million Dollar Dream”
Merry Riana is a successful young woman entrepreneur, writer, and motivator.
Her life`s story is told in a movie, Merry Riana``Million Dollar Dream``. Which is adapted
from her book with the same title. This film visualizes her struggle to survive from difficulty
of live and become successful.
The violence that happened in Jakarta and other big cities in Indonesia in May
1998 makes Merry Riana forced to flee to Singgapore. Merry Riana`s father decided to send
his daughter to Singgapore because he was afraid of the unsafe condition. She went alone
to Singgapore with the support money that was only enough to buy food for five days.
Fortunately.Merry Riana meet with her best friend, Irene, who wanted to go to
university in the there, too. With Irene`s help, Merry could live in a boarding house. She
was also accepted in on of the best college there. But, it could only be reached if Merry paid
40.000. The only hope was to take a loan collage student that could only be obtained if
Merry had a guarantor.
Then, Merry meet her senior , Alfa, who was very reckoning . he gave many
requirements before he finally agreed to help Merry.he also had Merry look for side job.
Merry realized that she should be successful as soon as possible. She did various work,from
spreading online business brochure, until playing with high risky shares. The condition of her
economy was moving up and down. Problem of love also occurred when Alfa expressed his
feelin to Merry. Meanwhile, Merry knew it well that Irene fell in love with Alfa.

 The word difficult

- Visualize :membayangkan
- Struggle :memperebutkan
- Forced :terdesak
- Unsafe :membahayakan
- Fortunately :untungnya
- Obtained :memperoleh
- Reached :terjangkau
- Reckoning :rekening
- Requirements :tata syarat
- Realized :di realisir