CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUSIES

This chapter presents the literature and studies that bear same relationships to the propose
study.

RELATED LITERATURE

According to schumin (1997), there are many factors that interfere with English speaking skills,
Age, Aural Medium, Socio-linguistic Factor, Gramatical Competence, Socio-linguistic Competence, and
Strategic Competence are among the factors affecting oral communication. Age may be one factor of
success or failure in English Language Learning. Aural Medium is closely related to speaking, as listening
plays an extremely important role in the development of speaking abilities. Socio-cultural factor, many
cultural characteristics of a language is used in social context. It is hard for non-native speakers to
choose the forms appropiate to certain situations. Gramatical Competence enables speakers to use and
understand English Language Structure accurately which is very important to be able to convey ideas
clearly.

According to larsen (2011), for those who grow up speaking English, it seems as if it is not very
difficult language to learn. The fact is, English is a language rife with quirks and counter. Intuitive
elements, making it quite difficult to learn effectively. There are varieties of aspects in the English
Language that make learnig more difficult; all of which can be dealt with through a comprehensive
learning program. Some of the difficulties involved are spelling, inflection, pronounciation, and
grammar.

Filipinos are generally good at English. At least thats the impression foreigners get they
encounter us. It is also one of the primary reasons why foregn employers like hiring Filipinos. It is well-
established that English has made its way into the world as a sort of lingua franca, and we wield it as an
advantage for now.

Charisse M. Tocmo stated that the Philippines is always reffered to as an English-speaking

country. Amidst of the Mother Tongue Based Education Program of Department of Education, still, some
schools implement the English Policy. English as a medium of instruction, practice in developing a
competiive individual being thrown in the land of competition and are more prioritize in applying a job
here and abroad. An institution is in charge of the student’s additional knowledge and learning as well as
openning a door towards chances. Have we notice? That the students came from a school, wherein
English is the medium of instruction, is competitive in speaking the language than those who are not?
RELATED STUDIES

A study conducted by brown (1994), revealed that strategic competence is the way learners
manage to meet speaking english goals. In addition, it is the ability to know when and hoe to take the
foor, how to keep the conversation going, how to terminate the conversation and how to clear up
communication breakdown as well as comprehension problems .

Another study from Beebe, Gardner and Cummins(1990), revealed that there are three different
categoriesof factors afecting success of failure of non-native English speakers, that is, learner context,
social context and learner characteristics. It is said that all these factors can potentially affect learners in
second language aquisition. In addition, the linguistic factor is also seen as a significant factor affecting
the English speaking ability of an individual.

In the Philippines, English proficiency is found out to be declining. A recent language test result
showed that the Philippines is no longer the top one English speaking country in Asia. This brought up an
alarming impact towards job proiding industries in and out of the country, and is currently diving the
Department of Education to entesify the effort of providing an educational system that will improve
students mastery in English. However, programs and projects conducted by schools are not enough to
promote the development of English language proficiency among Filipino students. Teachers have to be
competative enough in using the language to effectively teach the students in becoming critical and
analytical in communicating with the use of English. Learning experiences that will help the students
reach the optinum level of their communicative ability myst be provided.

There are various ways that we could take in order to persue the improvements of our students
English language proficiency. One wy is to encourage students to speak the language regularly especially
within theschool premises. Schools have been promoting the English speaking campaign where in
students are obliged to speak in English whenever they are inside the classroom. Development always
start within oneself, thus, students are incourage to do self-study and practice to improve their skills.
Interacting with native speakers of English is also highly encourage.