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Class 12 - Mathematics
1.
π 2π
(b) 3
< θ<
3
According to question,
⃗
|a⃗ + b|< 1 or -1< a⃗ + b<1
⃗
s
θ
⇒∣
∣2 cos
∣ < 1
∣
2
h
θ
⟹ −1 < 2cos < 1
2
−1 θ 1
⇒ < cos <
ses mat
2 2 2
2π θ π
⇒ > >
3 2 3
2π 4π
⇒ < θ<
3 3
3.
(b) 1
sin
4+0−4 ∘
= = 0 ⇒ θ = cos 90
s
|a||b|
4.
(b) 2π
hil
–
Explanation: It is given that vectors a⃗ and b ⃗ such that |a⃗| = |b|⃗ = √2 and a⃗. b ⃗ = −1
let θ be the angle between the vectors a⃗ and b ⃗
−1 −1
cosθ= =
Ak
⟹
√2× √2 2
−1
⟹ θ = co s
−1
(
2
) =π − π
3
= 2π
3
.
Which is the required solution.
π
5. (a) 3
Explanation: π
6.
θ
(c) sin 2
1/8
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= 2 sin θ
|a - b| = 2 sin θ
2
1
2
|a - b| = sin θ
7.
5
(d) cos −1
(
7
)
→ → →∣ →
∣→∣ −− ∣ −− →
Explanation: ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
a = i − 2 j + 3k, b = 3 i − 2 j + k ⇒ a = √14 , ∣ b ∣ = √14 , a . b = 10,
∣ ∣
∣ ∣
→
→
a . b 10
⇒ = cos θ ⇒ = cos θ
→ ∣→∣ 14
∣ ∣
a ∣ b ∣
∣ ∣∣ ∣
5 −1 5
⇒ cos θ = ⇒ θ = cos
7 7
s
83
8. (a) − 2
h
Explanation: − 83
ses mat
9.
(d) 7
Explanation: 7
Hint
⃗ ⃗ 35 5
|a⃗ × b| = 35 ⇒ |a⃗||b sin θ = 35 ⇒ sin θ = =
√26×7 √26
⃗ ⃗ −− 1
a⃗ ⋅ b = |a⃗|b| cos θ = √26 × 7 × = 7
√26
sin
10. (a) k
^
11.
s
(c) a⃗ × (b ⃗ ⋅ c )⃗
cla
Explanation: The term (b ⃗ ⋅ c )⃗ is a scalar term and a⃗ is a vector. Cross product can only be applied in between the vectors. It is
meaning less if used in between scalars or between scalar and vector.
hil
12.
(d) ∣∣a⃗∣∣ = 2, ∣∣b∣∣⃗ = 2
Explanation: It is given that:
Ak
→
→ –
∣ ∣ ∣⃗ ∘
∣a⃗∣
∣ = b , θ = 30 , a . b = 2√3
∣ ∣
⃗ ∘ –
⇒ |a⃗| ⋅ |b| cos 30 = 2√3
2 √3 –
⇒ |a⃗| . = 2√3
2
2 ⃗
⇒ |a⃗| = 4 ⇒ |a⃗| = 2 = |b|
2 ⃗ 2 2 2
| a⃗| −| b| (7) −(11)
= =
⃗ ⃗ 10√3×2√10
| a⃗+ b|| a⃗− b|
−
−
18×(−4) −3 6
−1
= ⇒ θ = cos ( √ )
20√30 5 5
2/8
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16√2 2√2
14. (a) ,
3√7 3√7
→ →
→ →
Explanation: ( a + b ). ( a − b )= 8
→ 2 →
2
⇒ | a | − | b | = 8
→ → → → −−
2 2 2 8 2√2
⇒ 64| b | − | b | = 8 ⇒ 63| b | = 8 ⇒ | b | = √ =
63 3√7
→
→ → 16√2
⇒ | a | = 8| b | ⇒ | a | =
3√7
15.
(c) −10^i − 3^j + 4k
^
s
∣4 −4 7∣
^ ^
h
= i(−14 + 4) − j (7 − 4) + k(−4 + 8)
= −10^i − 3^j + 4k
^
ses mat
16.
(d) 3
Explanation: 3
2 ⃗ 2 ⃗
Given |a⃗| = |b| = 1 and a⃗ ⋅ b = 0
⃗ ⃗ 2 ⃗ 2 ⃗
(3a⃗ + 2b) ⋅ (5a⃗ − 6b) = 15|a⃗| − 12|b| − 8a⃗. b
gh
= (15 × 1) − (12 × 1) − (8 × 0)
= (15 − 12 − 0) = 3
^+ ^
|a b|
sin
17. (a) 2
Explanation: Given a
^ and ^
b are unit vectors.
Now,
^ 2 ^ ^
^ + b | = (a
|a ^ + b ) ⋅ (a
^ + b)
esh
2 ^ 2
= |a
^| ^||^
+ | b | + 2|a b | cos θ
s
^ 2
^ + b | = 2 + 2 cos θ
⇒ |a
cla
^ 2
^ + b | = 2(1 − cos θ)
|a ....(ii)
From Eq. (i)
^ 2 2 θ
^ + b | = 2 × 2 cos (
|a )
2
Ak
^ 2 θ
^ + b | = 2 cos(
|a )
2
^+ ^
|a b|
θ
∴ cos( ) =
2 2
18.
–
(c) √3a
Explanation: Given a⃗, b,⃗ c ⃗ are mutually perpendicular and equal vectors
−−− −−−− − −−−−− −−−−
2 ⃗ 2 2 2
now |a⃗ + b ⃗ + c |⃗ = √|a⃗| + |b| + |c |⃗ =√3|a⃗|
–
=√3a
19.
(b) 8
Explanation: If a⃗ = 2^i + 2^j + 3k
^
,
⃗ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
b = − i + 2 j + k and c ⃗ = 3 i + j
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
[(2 i + 2 j + 3k) + λ(− i + 2 j + k)]. (3 i + j ) = 0
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
⇒ [(2 − λ) i + (2 + 2λ) j + (3 + λ)k]. (3 i + j ) = 0
⇒ 6 − 3λ + 2 + 2λ = 0 ⇒ λ = 8
3/8
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20. (a) a⃗ ⊥ b ⃗
Explanation: Here |a⃗ + b|⃗ = |a⃗ − b|⃗
⃗ 2 ⃗ 2
⇒ |a⃗ + b| = |a⃗ − b|
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
⇒ (a⃗ + b) ⋅ (a⃗ + b) = (a⃗ − b) ⋅ (a⃗ − b)
2 ⃗ 2 2 ⃗ 2
⇒ |a| + 2a⃗ ⋅ b + |b| = |a| − 2a⃗ ⋅ b + |b|
⃗ ⃗
⇒ 2a⃗ ⋅ b = −2a⃗ ⋅ b
⃗
⇒ 4a⃗ ⋅ b = 0
⃗
⇒ a⃗ ⋅ b = 0
⃗
⇒ a⃗ ⊥ b
2
2
21. (a) 6∣∣a⃗∣∣ ⃗ ∣ ∣⃗
+ 11a⃗. b − 35 b
∣ ∣
s
¯¯
Explanation: (3a⃗ − 5b)
⃗
. (2a⃗ + 7b) =6a⃗ ⋅ a⃗ + 21ā ⋅ b − 10b ⋅ a⃗ − 35b ⋅ b = 6|a⃗|
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ¯
¯ ⃗ 2 ⃗ ⃗ 2
+ 11a⃗b − 35|b|
h
22. (a) 60o
ses mat
Explanation: a⃗ ⋅ b ⃗ = 1
2
⃗
|a⃗||b|
|a⃗ | |b ⃗| cos θ = 1
2
⃗
|a⃗||b|
cos θ = 1
θ = 60o
23.
gh
−−
(b) 2√10
Explanation: We have,
2 2 ⃗ 2
⃗ ⃗
...(i)
sin
|a⃗ + b| = |a⃗| + |b| + 2a⃗ ⋅ b
–
⃗
∵ |a⃗ + b| = 10 √3
2 ⃗ 2
⇒ |a⃗| + |b| + 2a⃗ ⋅ b
⃗
= 300
⇒ (7)2 + (11)2 + 2a⃗ ⋅ b ⃗ = 300
esh
⃗
⇒ 2a⃗ ⋅ b = 130
s
Now, put the value of |a⃗|, |b|⃗ and 2a⃗ ⋅ b ⃗
cla
−3
24. (a) 2
Explanation: It is given that: If a⃗, b,⃗ c ⃗ are unit vectors such that a⃗ + b ⃗ + c ⃗ = 0,
then:
Ak
⃗ ⃗
(a⃗ + b + c ).
⃗ ⃗ = 0⃗. 0⃗
(a⃗ + b + c )
2 ⃗ 2 2 ⃗ ⃗
⇒ |a⃗| + |b| + |c |⃗ + 2(a⃗. b + b. c ⃗ + c .⃗ a⃗) = 0
⃗ ⃗
⇒ 1 + 1 + 1 + 2(a⃗. b + b. c ⃗ + c .⃗ a⃗) = 0
⃗ ⃗ 3
⇒ (a⃗. b + b. c ⃗ + c .⃗ a⃗) = −
2
25. (a) π
Now, a⃗ + b ⃗ = 4^i + ^j − k
^
and a⃗ − b ⃗ = −2^i + 3^j − 5k
^
2
√16+1++× √4+9+25
26.
1
(d) − 3
2
=0
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^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
⇒ [λ i + (1 + λ) j + (1 + 2λ)k] ⋅ [(1 − λ) i + λ j + 2k] =0
⇒ λ − λ
2
+ λ + λ
2
+ 2 + 4λ =0
−1
⇒ 6λ = −2 ⇒ λ = −
2
6
=λ= 3
50
)
⃗ ^ ^ ^ ⃗ ^ ^ ^
(2a⃗ + b) = (5 i + 3 j − 4k) and (a⃗ + 2b) = (7 i + 0 j + k)
(5×7+3×0−4×1) 31 31
−1
cos θ = = ⇒ θ = cos ( )
√50× √50 50 50
28.
(c) 0
Explanation: given ⃗
|a⃗| = |b|
now, ⃗ ⃗
(a⃗ + b). (a⃗ − b)
s
=(a⃗. a⃗) + (a⃗. b)⃗ − (b.⃗ a⃗) − (b.⃗ b)⃗
h
2 ⃗ 2
=|a⃗| − | b| =0
ses mat
29.
(d) -9
Explanation: Here, a⃗ = 3^i + ^j − 2k
^
and b ⃗ = ^i + λ^j − 3k
^
Since a⃗ ⊥ b ⃗
⃗
=0
∴ a⃗ ⋅ b
gh
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
⇒ (3 i + j + 2k) ⋅ ( i + λ j − 3k) =0
⇒ 3+λ+6=0
sin
⇒ λ = -9
30.
(d) 6
Explanation: |a⃗ | = 2, |b ⃗| = 5 and |a⃗ × b|⃗ = 8
esh
2⋅5 5
3 3
⇒ | cos θ| = ⇒ cos θ = ±
5 5
⃗ ⃗
∴ a⃗ ⋅ b = |a⃗| ⋅ |b| cos θ =6
hil
31.
(d) 14
Explanation: given vectors 3^i + λ^j + k
^
and2 i − j + 8k are perpendicular to each other
^ ^ ^
Ak
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
⟹ (3 i + λ j + k). (2 i − j + 8k) = 0
⟹ 6-λ + 8 = 0 ⟹ λ = 14
32.
(c) ^i . ^i = 1
Explanation: We know
^ ^ ^ 2
i. i = |i|
= 12
=1
π
33. (a) 3
Explanation: Given ⃗
a⃗ + b + c ⃗ = 0
⃗
⃗
⟹ a⃗ + b = − c ⃗
⃗ 2 2 ⃗ 2 ⃗ 2
⟹ (a⃗ + b) = − c .⃗ − c ⃗ ⟹ ∣ a⃗ ∣ + ∣ b ∣ +2(a⃗. b) =∣ c ∣⃗
2 2 ⃗ 2 ⃗ ⃗
⟹ 3 + 5 + 2(a⃗. b) = 7 ⟹ 4 + 25 + 2(a⃗. b) = 49 ⟹ 2(a⃗. b) = 49 − 34 = 15
⟹
⃗
2[∣ a⃗ ∣∣ b ∣ cosθ = 15 where θ is angle between a⃗ and b ⃗
⟹ 2× 3× 5 cos θ=-15 ⟹ cosθ =
15
30
⟹ cosθ =
1
2
⟹ θ = arccos(
1
2
)=
π
5/8
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34.
(d) The angle between a⃗ and b ⃗ is 45o.
Explanation: Given that,
The magnitude of (a⃗ × b)⃗ = Magnitude of (a⃗ ⋅ b)⃗
⃗ ⃗
⇒ |a⃗ × b| = |a⃗ ⋅ b|
⃗
|a⃗|b|| sin θ||n
⃗
^ | = |a⃗|b|| cos θ| (∵ a⃗ × b ⃗ = |a⃗|b∥⃗ sin θ ∣ n
^ and a⃗ ⋅ b = |a⃗|b|| cos θ∣ )
⃗ ⃗
⇒ | sin θ| ⋅ 1 = | cos θ| [∵ |n
^| = 1 ]
π
⇒ | tan θ| = 1 ⇒ tan θ = 1= tan 4
π
∴ θ=
4
4
.
35.
(d) cos −1
(
10
)
s
√102
h
Then;
ses mat
→ →
BA BC
cosθ =
→ →
| BA || BC |
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(2 i +2 j +3k).( i + j +2k)
=
√17√6
10
⇒ cosθ =
√102
−1 10
⇒ ∠ABC = co s (
√102
)
gh
36.
sin
(c) − 13
14
Explanation: − 13
14
37.
(d) 8
esh
b
⃗
= −^i + 2^j + k
^
and c ⃗ = 3^i + ^j
cla
Now,
a⃗ + tb
⃗
= (2^i + 2^j + 3k
^ ^ ^ ^
) + t(− i + 2 j + k)
hil
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
⇒ {(2 − t) i + (2 + 2t) j +(3 + t)k} ⋅ (3 i + j ) =0
⇒ 3 (2 - t) + (2 + 2t) = 0
⇒ 6 - 3t + 2 + 2t = 0 ⇒ t = 8
38. (a) None of these
Explanation: Let a⃗ = ^i + ^j + k ^
Let any vector normal to a⃗ , then the dot product of both vectors should be zero.
i. (^i + ^j + k
^
) ⋅ ( i + j − k) = 1 + 1 - 1 = 1 ≠ 0
^ ^ ^
ii. (^i + ^j + k
^
) ⋅ ( i − j + k) = 1 - 1 + 1 = 1 ≠ 0
^ ^ ^
iii. (^i + ^j + k
^
) ⋅ ( i − j − k) = 1 - 1 - 1 = -1 ≠ 0
^ ^ ^
39.
(d) π
– –
Explanation: Given that, |a⃗| = √3 , |b⃗| = 4 and a⃗ . b ⃗ = 2√3
Let θ be the angle between vector a and b.
Then, a⃗ . b ⃗ = |a⃗||b|⃗ cos θ
– –
⇒ 2√3 = √3.4 cos θ
6/8
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2√3 1
⇒ cos θ = =
√3⋅4 2
⇒ θ=
π
3
.
40. (a) 5
Explanation: It is given that :
→ → → →
(2 x − 3 a ) . (2 x + 3 a ) = 91
2 2
∣ →∣ ∣→∣
⇒ 4 x − 9 a
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
→ 2
∣ ∣
= 91 ⇒ 4 x − 9.1 = 91
∣ ∣
2
∣ →∣ ∣ →∣
⇒ 4 x = 100 ⇒ x = 5
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
41. (a) 0
→
→
s
Explanation: Let ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
a = i − j, b = i + j , then,projection of vector a on vector b is given by :
→ →
h
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
a . b ( i − j ).( i + j ) 0
= = = 0
→
∣ ∣ √2 √2
∣ b ∣
ses mat
∣ ∣
42.
(d) 1
^ ^ ^ ^
( i + j + k). j
Explanation: projection of ^i + ^j + k
^
on ^j is ^
=1
| j|
43.
gh
⃗
a⃗⋅ b
(b) ( )b
⃗
⃗ 2
|b|
sin
Explanation:
esh
s
Let θ be the angle between a⃗ and b ⃗.
cla
→
From figure we can see that , length OL is the projection of a⃗ on b ⃗ and OL is the projection vector a⃗ and b ⃗.
In △OLA, we have
hil
0L
cos θ =
OA
⇒ OL = OA cos θ
⇒ OL = |a⃗| cos θ
Ak
⃗ ⃗
( a⃗, b) ( a⃗⋅ b)
⇒ OL = |a⃗| { } (∵ cos θ = )
⃗ ⃗
| a⃗|| b| | a⃗|| b|
⃗
a⃗⋅ b
⇒ OL =
⃗
| b|
→
Now, OL = (OL)b
^
→ ⃗
a⃗b ˆ
⇒ OL = { }b
⃗
| b|
→ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
a⃗b a⃗⋅ b
⇒ OL = {
⃗
}
b
⃗
= {
⃗ 2
}b
⃗
.
| b| | b| |b|
44.
60
(b)
√114
→ →
Explanation: Let a = ˆi + 3ˆj + 7k ˆ
, b = 7 i − j + 8k ,
ˆ ˆ ˆ
7/8
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7−3+56 60
= =
√114 √114
45.
(d) 2
Explanation: 2
3
is the correct answer. Projection of a vector a⃗ on b ⃗ is
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
⃗
a⃗⋅ b (2 i − j + k)⋅( i +2 j +2k)
⃗
= =
2
3
.
√1+4+4
| b|
h s
ses mat
gh
sin
esh
s
cla
hil
Ak
8/8
Thank you