Module_1_Introduction to water.

mp4

Speaker 1 [00:00:00] Welcome to module one of this wash and Ntds course and this
introductory module. We will explore the links between Wash and Ntds. We'll see how
wash interventions can support NTD, control, elimination and eradication efforts. We will
also examine existing policy frameworks guiding wash NTD efforts. By the end of this
module, you will have a solid understanding of the links between Wash and and TDs under
the best framework, best stands for behavior, environment, social inclusion, treatment and
care. You will also understand how to use and promote existing policy frameworks which
support Wash and NTD collaboration. Water and TDs. Neglected tropical diseases or Ntds
are a diverse group of 20 diseases and disease groups that disproportionately affect
impoverished communities. The epidemiology of Ntds is complex and often related to
environmental conditions, including unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene practices. Many
ntds are vector borne, have animal reservoirs and are associated with complex life cycles,
making their public health control challenging. Some entities can cause severe pain, long
term disability, and even death. Effects from some ntds, such as visible disfigurement, can
result in stigmatization and exclusion in children. Infection with cement TDS leads to
malnutrition, cognitive impairment, stunted growth and school absence. The morbidities
associated with Ntds can exacerbate poverty due to healthcare expenditure, reduced
productivity and social exclusion. Populations affected by neglected tropical diseases often
lack access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene. Unfortunately, millions of people
worldwide still do not have access to safe wash services. In 2022, one in four people
globally lacked safely managed drinking water, which means that they didn't have water at
home that was available and safe to drink. Two in five lacked safely managed sanitation,
which means access to a toilet or latrine that leads to treatment or the safe disposal of
excreta. And shockingly, one in four people did not have access at home to a
handwashing facility with soap and water. Water wash interventions. And what do they
typically consist of? Water interventions aim to increase access to safe drinking water and
improve domestic water supply. This may involve low cost strategies such as treating and
safely storing drinking water at the point of consumption and water safety planning in NTD
endemic settings. Water interventions may also include water management strategies like
protecting water storage containers to prevent mosquito breeding and the case of vector
borne diseases like dengue. However, they do not usually involved and reservoir
construction or provision of water for extra household productive purposes, such as
agriculture or industry. As these actions typically fall under agencies and authorities
responsible for water resource management. A safe sanitation system is designed to
separate human excreta from human contact at all steps of the sanitation service chain.
This includes safe toilets, containment with treatment in situ in some systems.
Conveyance through sewers or by emptying and transport treatment and final disposal or
end use. Hygiene interventions include promoting handwashing with soap at critical times.
A broader definition may also include food hygiene measures, environmental hygiene,
menstrual hygiene and hygiene interventions specific to the prevention and control of
particular diseases. Environmental hygiene measures may include cleaning of surfaces,
while specific interventions may include facial cleanliness for trachoma, wearing shoes to
prevent hookworm infections or animal management to prevent sudden diseases. Safe
water, sanitation and hygiene can prevent many ntds and are essential for managing
related morbidities. In 2016, the NTD NGO network developed the best framework, which
provides a comprehensive approach to NTD control and elimination by grouping
interventions into four domains behaviors, environment, social inclusion, and treatments
and care. Each component will be described in more details in module two. In the next few
slides, we will review how WASH interventions can support NTD efforts across these four
domains using examples and highlighting key considerations for programing. One
important aspect of this is understanding behaviors. The prevention of many ntds relies in
part on wash behaviors such as improved hygiene and sanitation practices. But why is it
so hard to change our behaviors? Well, human behavior is influenced by many things,
such as our environment, family, society and culture. Behavior change depends on many
interrelated factors. For example, people may be more likely to change their behavior if
they perceive a high level of risk or if they see clear benefits to changing. Additionally,
having the skills and belief in the ability to change is important, as is having access to the
resources necessary to perform the new behavior. And of course, norms and values within
the family, community and society play a role to. Here are some wash behaviors that play
a key role in NTD prevention. Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness and is
associated with high economic costs. It is caused by a bacterial infection transmitted
through contact with flies, fingers and other objects or material such as clothing. Facial
cleanliness and environmental improvement are the primary prevention components of
shows. Safe strategy for trachoma, elimination alongside surgery and antibiotics. Water is
needed for face cleaning and to remove any discharge from the eyes. Environmental
improvement includes the safe disposal of excreta to reduce fly populations, preventing
the contamination of surface water used for water collection, swimming, bathing and
laundry. Play a role in preventing diseases such as schistosomiasis and guinea worm
disease. Behavior change was a key component of the Guinea worm eradication
campaign to prevent people infected with worms from wading into water. Along with
promoting filtration of water from open water bodies before drinking. Here are some key
considerations for effective wash behavior change interventions. Firstly, behavior change
interventions should be context specific based on an understanding of behaviors and their
determinants. This means that interventions should take into account the unique social,
cultural and environmental factors that influence wash behaviors in a particular community.
Secondly, long term behavior change requires dedicated budgets and sufficient
implementation time. WASH interventions must be adequately funded and implemented
over a sustained period to ensure lasting behavior change. Thirdly, promotional
approaches that address behavioral determinants and social norms have been successful
in changing and sustaining behaviors compared with educational approaches that focus on
increasing knowledge. These approaches include social marketing, community
mobilization and peer to peer communication. Fourthly, children can be effective
behavioral change agents for families and households by educating and empowering
children with knowledge and skills. They can influence their families and communities to
adopt and sustain positive wash behaviors. Finally, government leadership and integrating
behavior change into wider development efforts are critical. Governments must take the
lead in promoting wash behaviors by creating policies, strategies and frameworks that
prioritize behavior change interventions. Environmental factors are important for controlling
diseases, but are sometimes missed in NTD programs. They may not address all ways
diseases spread or may not provide services that match people's needs to effectively
control diseases in the long term. It's crucial to work closely with water, sanitation and
hygiene stakeholders, especially in high disease burden areas. Let's look at some
examples of how environmental interventions can help control Ntds. Improved sanitation
and adequate water management can prevent the proliferation of mosquitoes that transmit
diseases such as dengue, Zika or chikungunya. The major mosquito vector of dengue and
other diseases breeds primarily in artificial water containers. Environmental interventions
include increased access to a reliable piped water supply to reduce the need for water
storage systems, safe water storage practices and solid waste management to eliminate
two potential reservoirs. Sanitation is a primary prevention strategy for soil transmitted
helminth disease. It prevents fecal pathogens such as intestinal worm eggs from
contaminating the environment and infecting people through contaminated food, water,
dirty hands and direct skin contact with soil. Soil transmitted Helminth disease currently
affect hundreds of millions of children worldwide, leading to undernutrition, anemia and full
school performance. In A.D. programs, water, sanitation and hygiene play a crucial role.
Let's take a look at some key considerations to keep in mind. Firstly, safe sanitation is
essential in all settings, including households, schools and health care facilities. Full
community coverage is necessary to prevent pathogens from contaminating the
environment. Merely having a toilet is not enough to reduce exposure to fecal pathogens.
Toilets should be used by everyone always, and offer a safe and dishonorable alternative
to open defecation. It's important to make sure toilets are always part of a safe sanitation
service chain. A safe water supply is essential to prevent the consumption of contaminated
water. Reduce contact with surface water and enable hygiene behaviors like handwashing,
bathing and laundry. Managing animal movement and waste is necessary to prevent the
spread of zoonotic antibodies. This ensures that animals do not act as vectors of human
excreta and reduce vector breeding. Lastly, all of these measures should be taken
alongside the promotion of safe water and solid waste management to prevent vector
breeding sites. As we dive deeper into neglected tropical diseases, it's important to note
that they disproportionately affect the poorest and most marginalized groups. Ntds are not
only a consequence of poverty and social inequality, but also a cause creating a vicious
cycle that is hard to break. For instance, lymphatic filariasis and leprosy can cause
permanent disabilities, making everyday tasks like carrying water or accessing toilets
extremely difficult. People affected by ntds need access to clean water and sanitation
facilities to manage their symptoms and prevent further complications. However, they often
face stigma and can be excluded from accessing water and sanitation facilities, increasing
their risk of poverty and severe illness. It's important to recognize that what interventions
often fall short in targeting those who need them the most. This includes people with NTD
related disabilities. Those living in hard to reach areas. Vulnerable women and children.
And marginalized populations. But we can change that by promoting community
participation in the planning, implementation and monitoring of WASH and NTD programs.
We can ensure that these efforts are better tailored to the specific needs of those affected
by NTD. We can combat stigma and discrimination by using positive messaging and
adapting WASH infrastructures so that everyone can feel included and valued. In addition,
we can facilitate access to social support mechanisms and include equity and inclusion
approaches in Washington. NTD Plans and monitoring by tracking progress on reaching
the most vulnerable. We can ensure that no one is left behind. As we have learned,
neglected tropical diseases or ntds can cause severe disability and suffering, making
access to adequate wash services at home and in health care facilities. Essential. By
improving access to WASH, we can reduce the severity of ntds and improve the quality of
life for those affected. A certain anti-AIDS such as guinea worms, buruli ulcer or cutaneous
leishmaniasis. Wound management is crucial for speeding up healing and reducing
disability. People with chronic disabilities from lymphatic filariasis need to maintain
rigorous personal hygiene with water and soap to prevent secondary infections. Hygienic
conditions are essential for surgical procedures such as comatose trichinosis. Additionally,
some ntds may result in hospitalization, putting patients at risk of health care associated
infections. If wash conditions are inadequate. Too many health care facilities still lacked
adequate water services in 2020. A shocking 1.7 billion people use health care facilities
that lack basic water services. 10% of health care facilities used by 780 million people
have no sanitation service. And half of the health care facilities globally do not have hand
hygiene facilities to clean hands where care is provided or at toilets. Wash efforts can
support the treatment and care for Ntds in several ways. Mass Drug Administration
campaigns can be used as an entry point for hygiene and sanitation promotion, reinforcing
the importance of clean and healthy environments and preventing NTD transmission.
Contact between health care providers and patients presents an opportunity to raise
awareness about disease, transmission and preventive behaviors, emphasizing the role of
wash in disease prevention. It is essential to provide adequate wash services in health
care facilities, to ensure quality care, prevent infections, and maintain the dignity of
patients and staff. Adequate wash services at home play a crucial role in disease
management and self-care, helping to reduce disease severity, prevent suffering and
decrease vulnerability to poverty, disability, stigma and exclusion. Collaboration between
the WASH and NTD sectors is vital. The NTD strategy ending the neglect to attain the
Sustainable Development Goals, a roadmap for neglected tropical diseases 2021 to 2030
sets targets to tackle 20 diseases by 2030. This strategy encourages multidisciplinary
approaches, including wash to control Ntds. The roadmap includes overarching disease
specific and cross-cutting targets to measure progress in four areas integrated strategies,
multi-sector coordination, universal health coverage and country ownership. The roadmap
includes one cross-cutting target on WASH, which is 100% access to basic water,
sanitation and hygiene in areas affected by Ntds. Aligning with Sustainable Development
Goals. Six. The Global Strategy on Wash and Ntds offers a framework for Walsh and NTD
actors to collaborate, centering around four main strategic objectives. First, it aims to
increase awareness of the co-benefits of Walsh and Anti-bds enhancing engagement at
both national and global levels. Second, it emphasizes the importance of sharing data to
highlight inequalities, target investment and track progress. Third, generating high quality
evidence and incorporating it into guidance and national strategies is deemed essential.
Lastly, the strategy focuses on joint planning, delivery and evaluation of programs to boost
accountability, sustainability and equity. Stay tuned for the next module, which will delve
deeper into the implementation of the Walsh NTD strategy. Thank you for joining us in
module one of the calls water, sanitation and hygiene to prevent and care for neglected
tropical diseases. We hope this module has provided you with insights into the current
progress toward Ntds and Wash, as well as the importance of collaboration between the
NTD and what sectors for controlling, eliminating or eradicating Ntds. Key messages to
remember Ntds cause significant suffering and contribute to a vicious cycle of disease and
poverty. Wash is crucial for preventing treating and caring for Ntds and is included as a
key intervention in the 2021 2030 and PTD roadmap. Most collaboration can support and
cede control, elimination and eradication efforts through raising awareness, using and
sharing data to target, to wash investments, generating better quality evidence on what
works and what doesn't, and jointly planning, delivering and monitoring programs. Join us
in the next module as we explore collaboration across sectors. To further enhance your
understanding, we encourage you to explore the key sources referenced in this module.