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5. Which of the following subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
A. Protons and electrons
B. Electrons and neutrons
C. Protons and shells
D. Neutrons and protons
9. Atoms with more than one shell are most stable when the outermost shell contains _____ electrons.
A. 10
B. 1
C. 8
D. 6
10. Different forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called
A. molecules.
B. compounds.
C. isotopes.
D. lattices.
11. Exactly 6.02 x 1023 atoms of any element is called 1 ____ of that element.
A. atomic mass unit
B. isotope
C. mole
D. mouse
12. Over 90% of the body is composed of four elements: carbon, nitrogen, chlorine, and hydrogen.
True False
13. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom will determine the chemical activity of the
atom.
True False
14. Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15 and a mass number of 31. How many protons, neutrons, and
electrons does an atom of the element phosphorus have?
15. Describe each of the three subatomic particles with regard to charge, weight, and location in an atom.
16. If the atomic number of an element is 9 and the mass number is 19, how many neutrons does the atom
have?
A. 10
B. 9
C. 19
D. 28
17. If the atomic number of an element is 27 and the mass number is 60, how many neutrons does the atom
have?
A. 27
B. 33
C. 87
D. 60
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CHAPTER XI.
A REVOLUTIONARY HOUSEWIFE.
The settlers builded great chimneys with ample open hearths, and
to those hearths the vast forests supplied plentiful fuel; but as the
forests disappeared in the vicinity of the towns, the fireplaces also
shrank in size, so that in Franklin’s day he could write of the big
chimneys as “the fireplaces of our fathers;” and his inventions for
economizing fuel had begun to be regarded as necessities.
The kitchen was the housewife’s domain, the chimney-seat her
throne; but the furniture of that throne and the sceptre were far
different from the kitchen furnishings of to-day.
We often see fireplaces with hanging cranes in pictures illustrating
earliest colonial times, but the crane was unknown in those days.
When the seventeenth-century chimney was built, ledges were left
on either side, and on them rested the ends of a long heavy pole of
green wood, called a lug-pole or back bar. The derivation of the word
lug-pole is often given as meaning from lug to lug, as the chimney-
side was often called the lug. Whittier wrote:—
And for him who sat by the chimney lug.
Others give it from the old English word lug, to carry; for it was
indeed the carrying-pole. It was placed high up in the yawning
chimney, with the thought and intent of its being out of reach of the
devouring flames, and from it hung a motley collection of hooks of
various lengths and weights, sometimes with long rods, sometimes
with chains, and rejoicing in various names. Pot-hooks, pot-hangers,
pot-hangles, pot-claws, pot-cleps, were one and the same; so also
were trammels and crooks. Gib and gibcroke were other titles. Hake
was of course the old English for hook:—
Niddy-noddy,
Two heads and one body.