GE 215:

SAFETY MANAGEMENT
INSTRUCTOR: CRYSTAL MAEH LAURON, GE
E M A I L: c r ystalm. lauro n@gm ail.com
 COURSE OUTCOMES
CO1: Discuss and explain the importance and value of
safety.
CO2: Describe the different health and hazards and
their prevention.
CO3: Apply the concepts and principles of safety in
engineering practice.
CO4: Explain “Safety as the engineer’s professional and
moral responsibility
Topic 2.
PRIORITAZATION OF HAZARDS
SMAUG MODEL, RI SK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
SAFETY (n) the condition of being protected from or unlikely
to cause danger, risk, or injury.

What is SAFETY as defined in relation to our work?

SAFETY
Very often, it is perceived in terms of an inverse
relationship with accident rate.
Theoretically, safety would mean the absence of
danger at work which is made possible by
eliminating hazards that create danger.
“High rate means low safety and vice versa”
 RISK
Risks are potential events or situations that can
lead to adverse consequences or harm.

Probability that exposure to a hazard will

lead to a negative consequence.

* Total Risk=(sum of the elements at

risk)x(Hazard x Vulnerability)
RISK Total risk in the context of risk assessment can be calculated using the
formula:
* Total Risk=(sum of the elements at risk)x(Hazard x Vulnerability)

Example: Flood Risk Assessment for a Vulnerability:

Residential Area
In this example, we'll assume the
Elements at Risk: following vulnerability ratings:
50 residential houses
Residential houses: 4 (moderate
2 schools vulnerability)
1 hospital Schools: 5 (high vulnerability)
10 businesses Hospital: 5 (high vulnerability)
Hazard: Businesses: 3 (moderate
The hazard in this case is a river that vulnerability)
has a history of flooding.
RISK Total risk in the context of risk assessment can be calculated using the
formula:
* Total Risk=(sum of the elements at risk)x(Hazard x Vulnerability)

Now, let's calculate the total risk:

Total Risk = [(Number of Residential Houses × Vulnerability) +
(Number of Schools × Vulnerability) + (Number of Hospital ×
Vulnerability) + (Number of Businesses × Vulnerability)] ×
Hazard

Total Risk = [(50 houses × 4) + (2 schools × 5) + (1 hospital × 5) +

(10 businesses × 3)] × Hazard
Total Risk = [(200) + (10) + (5) + (30)] × Hazard
Total Risk = (245) × Hazard
RISK Total risk in the context of risk assessment can be calculated using the
formula:
* Total Risk=(sum of the elements at risk)x(Hazard x Vulnerability)

Now, let's calculate the total risk:

Total Risk = [(200) + (10) + (5) + (30)] × Hazard

Total Risk = (245) × Hazard
Let's assume for this example that the hazard level is estimated to be 0.4 (on a
scale of 0 to 1, where 0 represents no hazard and 1 represents extreme hazard).
Total Risk = (245) × 0.4
Total Risk = 98
PRIORITAZATION OF HAZARDS

WHAT IS
THE SMAUG
MODEL?
PRIORITAZATION OF HAZARDS
SMAUG MODEL
• Provides an effective means of prioritizing
hazard risks based upon the aforementioned
criteria in order to address the risks posed by
the hazards to avail the effective mitigation,
reduction, response and recovery methods.
SERIOUSNESS
Includes the potential for lives to be lost
and potential for injury as well as the
physical, social as mention, economic losses
that may be incurred.
SERIOUSNESS
Includes the potential for lives to be lost
and potential for injury as well as the
physical, social as mention, economic losses
that may be incurred.
MANAGEABILITY
The relative ability to mitigate or reduce
the hazard.
ACCEPTABILITY
A degree to which the risk of hazard is
acceptable in terms of political, environmental,
social and economic impact.
URGENCY
Probability of risk of hazard and is defined
in terms of how imperative it is to address
the hazard.
GROWTH
The potential for the hazard or event to
expand or increase in either probability or
risk to community or both. Should
vulnerability increase, potential for growth
may also increase.
 RISK ASSESSMENT

It is the determination of quantitative or

qualitative estimate of risk related to a
concrete situation and a recognized threat.
RISK ASSESSMENT IS THE PROCESS
WHERE YOU:

*Identify hazards
*Analyze or evaluate the risk associated
with the hazards
*Determine appropriate ways to eliminate
or control the hazard
 DEFINITIONS OF
LIKELIHOOD OF HARM
*VERY LIKELY – typically experienced at least once
every six months by an individual.
*LIKELY – typically experienced once every five years by
an individual.
*UNLIKELY – typically experienced once during the
working life of an individual.
*VERY UNLIKELY – less than 1% chance of being
experienced by an individual during their working
lifetime.
DEFINITIONS FOR RISK LEVEL
*VERY LOW – this risk are considered acceptable.
*LOW – No additional controls are required unless they can be
implemented at very low cost (money and effort).
*MEDIUM – consideration should be as to whether the risk
can be lowered, where applicable, to a tolerable level, and
preferable to an acceptable level, but the costs of additional risk
reduction measures should be taken account.
*HIGH– substantial efforts should be made to reduce the risks.
*VERY HIGH– unacceptable.
HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES

*WORKING AT HEIGHTS
*CONFINED SPACES
WORKING AT HEIGHTS (FALLS)
ACTION POINTS -Scaffolding
-Physical Barriers -Ladders
*kick boards, hand rails, *place ladder around 1m.
midrails Horizontal and 4m.
-Access Equipment’s Vertical in slope.
*scissor lifts, cherry *3 points of contact at all
pickers, and related times in ladder.
types. * don’t go beyond the
-Elevating work platforms second step from top
on a stepladder.
CONFINED SPACES
- are areas that humans do not normally work in or occupy. They include
areas where there is restricted air circulation, polluted air or limited
means of scape.
*tanks, tunnels or docks, furnaces or oven, closed unventilated rooms,
areas containing grains
*some jobs caused their own hazard which are even more dangerous in
confined spaces.
*painting-toxic paint fumes
*cleaning-chemical fumes
*welding-oxygen deflator or explosion
*grinding-explosion
CONFINED SPACES
*Work/Entry permit System - these systems ensure the people
in-charge of the site know when and where you are entering the
space.
*Tank Ventilation – supplying air and delivered to the furthest
part of the space. Seek professional advise before proceeding
further.
*Employer’s responsibility is to train and educate their people.
*Worker’s responsibility is to stop first and check if it is SAFETY!
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
• IN ENGINEERING, is a systematic way we ensure that
everything we build, design, or operate doesn't put
people's lives or the environment at risk.
• IMPORTANCE:
-It saves lives
-Protects the Environment
-Safeguards Property
-Boosts Confidence
SYSTEMS OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT

➢ Structured frameworks and approaches that

organizations use to implement safety
management effectively.
➢ Provide a systematic way to integrate safety
into all aspects of an organization's operations.
Common Systems of Safety Management
1. Safety Management Systems (SMS)
2. Occupational Safety and Health Management
Systems (OSH)
3. Process Safety Management (PSM)
4. Risk Management Systems
5. Quality Management Systems (QMS)
1. Safety Management Systems (SMS)
• A comprehensive approach used in aviation,
healthcare, and various industries.

• Involves establishing safety policies, risk

assessment, safety assurance, and safety
promotion to ensure safety at all levels of an
organization.
 2. Occupational Safety and Health
Management Systems (OHSMS)
• Help organizations identify and control
workplace hazards, implement safety
procedures, and comply with regulatory
requirements.

Examples: OHSAS 18001 or ISO 45001, used to

manage workplace safely.
3. Process Safety Management (PSM)
• Employed in industries handling hazardous
materials, like chemicals and oil refining.
• It focuses on the safe operation of processes
and equipment, including hazard identification,
risk assessment, and emergency response
planning.
 4. Risk Management Systems
• Assess and manage risks across various aspects of
an organization, including financial, operational,
and safety risks.

•It focuses on the safe operation of processes and

equipment, including hazard identification, risk
assessment, and emergency response planning.
5. Quality Management Systems (QMS)
• Primarily focused on product or service quality.

• QMS standards like ISO 9001 also incorporate

elements of safety management, as a safe
product or service is a critical aspect of quality.
COMMON RISKS AND HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH GEODETIC ENGINEERING
Physical Hazards: Structural Hazards:
• Trips and Falls • Building and Construction Sites
• Extreme Weather
Health Risks:
Environmental Hazards: • Physical Strain
• Wildlife and Insects • Exposure to Harmful Elements
Equipment Hazards: Legal & Ethical Risks:
• Surveying Equipment
• Property Disputes
• Vehicle Accidents
• Ethical Concerns
Chemical Hazards:
• Exposure to Hazardous Substances
PHYSICAL HAZARDS EXAMPLE
While conducting a topographic survey in a
forested area, a geodetic engineer might
trip over tree roots and sustain minor
injuries.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS EXAMPLE

Working near a riverbank, geodetic engineers

may face the risk of encountering venomous
snakes or biting insects like mosquitoes.
 EQUIPMENTS HAZARDS EXAMPLE

During a construction site survey, a

theodolite may malfunction, leading to
measurement inaccuracies and potential
construction errors.
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS EXAMPLE

In an industrial area, geodetic engineers may

be exposed to hazardous chemicals used in
manufacturing processes.
 STRUCTURAL HAZARDS EXAMPLE

Surveying near an unstable building can pose

a risk of injury due to potential collapses or
falling debris.
 HEALTH RISKS EXAMPLE

After a long day of fieldwork under the

scorching sun without proper sun protection,
a geodetic engineer might experience heat
exhaustion.
LEGAL AND ETHICAL RISKS EXAMPLE

An error in a boundary survey might lead to a

property dispute between neighbors,
resulting in a lawsuit against the geodetic
engineer involved.