V \ VA V)'

2
Example 1: Verify Gauss' divergence theorem for F = 4 x z I - y J+ y z k over
the cube x =0, x = I , y = 0, y = l , z = 0, z = 1.

Solution: By Gauss ' divergence theorem,

fJfV -FdV= JfF-ndS

V S
 (i) F = 4xzl-l]+ yzk
- a a 2 )+-;-
V·F=-(4xz)+-;-(-y a< yz )
ax uy oz
= 4z-2y+ y = 4z- y

z
E (0, 0, 1)
D(0, 1, 1)

F G (1, 1, 1)
(1, 0, 1)

y
0(0,0,0) C(0, 1, 0)

8(1, 1, 0)
A(1, 0, 0)

Fig. 7.31
(ii) For the cube: x varies from Oto 1
y varies from Oto 1 '
z varies from Oto 1

Jff V-FdV = ttt(4z-y)dxdydz

V

= tJ)z2 -yzl~dxdy
= t dxt (2-y)dy

= lxl~ J2y-Y; [
=2-.!.
. 2
3
= ... (1)
2
(iii) Surfaces of the cube consists of 6 surfaces, SI, s2, s3, s4, s5 and s6.

Jf F·ndS =Jf F·ndS +JJF-ndS+Jf F·ndS

s
+ JJF-ndS+JfF·ndS+ JJF·ndS ... (2)
S4 S5 S6
 fa) On S, (OABC) :z = 0, ,i = - k dS -dxdy
' - j;;ll = d~dy
x and y both varies from o to I.

ffF-,,dS
s,
==ff.., <4xz ,, -y'J+
· yz k) •(-k)dx dy
== 0
(b) On S, (DEFG) :z =I,;,= fc, dS = _
ln •kl-dxdy
x and y both varies from O to I.

f! F-ndS ==If (4x zi - y'J + yz k) -k dxdy

= f~f>dxdy

= J~/~'[dx
= 2] Ixlo
f

I
=-
2

(c) On S3 ( OAFE): y = 0, n = - J, dS=~,

- "I =dzdx
n·;
dzdx

x and z both varies from Oto I .

ffF · ndS
s,
=ffs, (4 xzt - Y J+ y z k)-(-])dzdx
2

=0

(d) On S4 ( BCDG) : y = I, n
-
=J ,
<
dS = Idzdx
11
. j I = dz dx

x and z both varies from O to I.

JJF·ndS =ff (4xzi - y2 }+ yzk)-(})dzdx
s. s,

=J~J~ -dzdx
=-I
, , dydz
(e)OnS5 (0CDE): x=O, n=-1, dS=-,
, </=dy dz
n .,

y and z both varies from Oto I .

ff F· ndS =ff (4x z i - l } + yzk)-(-i)dy dz
s, s,
=0.
(f) On S6 (ABGF): x =1, ;, =l, dS =-dydz
. ~I= dydz
1n ·I

y and z both varies from Oto I.

ffF·ndS =ff (4xzl-y2}+ yzk)·i dydz
s6 s6

= tt4zdydz

=2
Substituting in Eq. (2),
ff F ·nds = o+.!.+o+(-1)+0+2
s 2
3 ... (3)
=
2
From Eqs. (1) and (3),

fffV-FdV= ffF·ndS=~2
V S

Hence, Gauss' divergence theorem is verified. I

_,/
, , . - 2 2~ 2A
Example 2: Venfy Gauss' dwergence theorem for F = 2x yi -y J-t4xz k
over the region bounded by the cylinder y2 + z2 :d ahd the plane'£::, 2 in" the first
.octant. :1 - , : · • 11

Solution: By Gauss' divergence theorem,

fffv -FdV= fJF·ndS

V S

(i) F = 2x,2 yi- l J+4xz2 k

I
-a
V -F=-(2x y)+-(-y )+-(4xz)
2 a 2 a 2

ax ay az
= 4.xy-2y+8xz

(Ii) JffV-FdV= fff (4.xy-2y+8xz)dxdydz

V

For the given region, x varies from Oto 2. Puttingy = r cos0, z = r sin0, the equation
of the cylinder y2 + z2 = 9 reduces tor= 3 and dy dz= r'dr d0.
Along the radius vector OP, r varies from Oto 3 and for the region in the first octant,

Ovaries from O to !!.. .

2
 JJJV-F-dV = fe,! of,.oJ...' o ( 4 x · rcos0 - 2- rcos 0+ Bx - rsin 0) dx -rdrdO
2
3

J/ J: (2r' cos0l x'I: -2r' cos0l x l~ + 4 ,., sin Olx' I: )drd0

V

= J/ J: 2
(4r cos8+16r' sin8)drd8

41~ [
z

= isin~f + 16 /r: [ I-cos ~ [

= 36 + 144
= 180 ... (1)
A (3, O) y
(iii) The surface S consists of 5 surfaces,
SI' s, , S,, S 4 , S 5 •

ffF -ndS = ffF-ndS+ ffF ·ndS

s Fig. 7.32
+ ffF·ndS+ ffF·ndS X
S1 S4

+ JfF-ndS ... (2)

s,

(a) On S,(OAED) : z = 0 , n = -k

. d:, = dxdy
8(0, 0, 3)
dS = dxl
n -k
y
x varies from Oto 2 and y varies from Oto 3. Fig. 7.33

ffF ·ndS= ffc2x 2 yi-y2 }+4xz 2 k)-(-k)dxdy

S1 S1

=0

(b) On S2 (OBCD): y = 0, n = - _}, dS =dz'.~,= dzdx

I n·;
x varies from O to 2 and y varies from O to 3.

ff F -n dS = ff (2x' y I - y' J+ 4xz' k)·c-})dz dx = o

s, s,
 • dydz
(c) OnS3 (0AB):x=O, n=-i,dS=-,.
~, =dydz
n·l

y and z varies from Oto l

ff F ·ndS = ff (2x yi - l 2
J+4xz 2
k)•(-i)dydz = o
s, s,

• > dydz
(d) OnS4 (DEC) :x=2,n= 1, 'I =dydz·
dS=-,.
n·I
y and 1 varies from Oto 3.

ffs, F·ndS = ffs, (2x yi - l 2

J+4xz 2
k)-i dydz = ff 8ydydz
Putting y = r cos 0, z = r sin 0, equation of the cylinder y2 + z2 = 9 reduces tor= 3
and dy dz= r dr d0.

ffs, F ·ndS = sn" s: rsin0-rdrd0 • ••1

sf/ sin0d0· f r
'!_ 3
2
= 0
dr

= 8l-cos0li ,~ [

=72

(e) On S5 (ABCE) : This is the curved surface of the cylinder y2 + z2 = 9 bounded

between x = 0 and x = 2.
Let¢= y2 +z 2

• VI/)
n=-
IVI/JI
2y}+2zic
=--;::::====
2
+4z
yi+zfc
=
3
dS = dxdy
In·icl
 The parametric equation of the cylinder y2 + zi = 9 is,
y= 3 cos0, z = 3 sin0

dy =-3sin0d0= -zd0, dy =-dB

z
l[
y=0, 0=-
When 2
y= 3,0= 0

Jf F·ndS = J~J: (-27 cos3 0+ xl08sin 3 0)(-d0)dx

s, 2

= J] (-27 co,' 0lxl: +108 ,; e\x: \}

0'

,r
3
= JJ-54cos 0+ 216sin 3 e

12~2
= ~ (-27 +108)

1-~
=- 2--81

¾-~~
=108
Substituting in Eq. (2 ),
fJ F ·ndS = 0+0+0+ 72+ 108 = 180 ... (3)
s
From Eqs. ( 1) and (3),

Jffv -FdV= fJF·ndS=180

JI s
Hence, Gauss' divergence theorem is verified.