EN6000 - Project - Oct - 2022 - New

Assessment Cover Sheet
Assessment Title Project (Traffic Light Simulator)
Programme Title: Bachelor of Engineering Technology
Course No.: EN6000
Course Title: Electrical Fundamentals
Student Name:
Student ID:
Tutor:
Due Date: 14th Nov 2022 Date submitted:

By submitting this assessment for marking, either electronically or as hard copy, I confirm the
following:
➢ This assignment is my own work
➢ Any information used has been properly referenced.
➢ I understand that a copy of my work may be used for moderation.
➢ I have kept a copy of this assignment
Do not write below this line. For Polytechnic use only.
Assessor: Date of Marking:
Grade/Mark:
Comments:
Course Project Descriptor (EN6000)
INSTRUCTIONS:
This course project worth 20% of your final grade and will be completed in class and
to be submitted on or before 22nd of December 2022. Please write your name and
ID number on the front page. You must pass this assessment in order to pass the
course.
TIME SCALE:
Students have approximately 3 weeks to complete this assignment.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
The tasks within this assignment satisfy the following Learning Outcomes of the
course according to the table below:
Task No. Task description LOs

A Apply basic rules and skills to implement the circuit on a 3
breadboard using common components. Measure the voltages
and produce the timing diagram for the circuit.
B Build the circuit using Altium designer, simulate the circuit, 3, 4
prepare the PCB layout, populate the components to obtain the
PCB and test it.
C Prepare a report to describe the tasks performed. 2
No. Learning Outcomes

Apply detailed knowledge to solve electrical problems using DC circuit
1
theorems.
Explain the main parameters and basic function of electrical/electronic
2
components.
Apply basic practical skills to competently use a range of electrical
3
test/measuring instruments.
Apply basic and some advanced practical skills to implement and test a
4
project using common electrical/electronic components and devices.
2|Page
Aim of the Project:

You are required to assemble a prototype, simulate, and construct a small
electrical/electronic project. This project is based on a traffic light circuit which contains
electrical components.
Project time scale
The project PCB file must be completed and submitted on or before 14th of November
2022. Report along with the project prototype to be submitted on or before 18th of
December 2022.
Objective: -
The objectives of this work are listed below:
Each student will work in a group of maximum 5 students per group.
• Create and test a prototype from the given circuit diagram.
• Draw the circuit diagram using commercial software (Altium Designer) and
simulate its operation.
• Create the printed circuit board (PCB) from the circuit diagram, populate with the
correct electrical components and test.
Task A (Construct the Circuit)

1. From the below circuit diagram, produce a component list in the space provided.
R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1
10K 5K 1K 100K 5K 1K 100K 5K 1K
9V
DC
D3
C3 D1 C2 D2 C1 IN4148
100µF IN4148 100µF IN4148 100µF
Q2 Q3
Q1 BC548 BC548
BC548
LED3 LED2 LED1
Components list
3|Page
2. Investigate the connections of the prototype board. Draw the connections found
on the below figure.
3. Assemble the components onto the prototype board. Connect to the power
supply, 9V, and operate the circuit.
4. Observe the operation of the LEDs. Produce a timing diagram. (To understand how to
draw a timing diagram, search in the standard digital electronics books or google)
Name:
ID:
4|Page
Task B (Build the circuit in Altium Designer, simulate and build the PCB)
Draw the circuit diagram using Altium Designer, Configure the circuit simulator to display
the time domain response of the circuit.
Double mouse click on the Altium icon from the
desktop.
Wait for the software package to open.
Create a new project by

selecting:
File
New
Project
PCB Project
The new project will

appear in the project
tree.
5|Page
A schematic diagram
workspace must now be
created.
Select
File
New
Schematic
A new schematic
workspace will appear
with both project and
schematic files shown
in the project tree.
Notice that the project

files appears red;
This is because it has
not been saved.
Select
File
Save All
Save with the default

name to your desired
location.
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The next step is to ensure that the

correct component libraries are
installed.
Select
Libraries
Libraries
Project
Add Library
Go to Moodle and download the

GPIC_Project_Altium folder and
store it in your desired location
and select the two libraries from
this folder.
Select
Open
The two libraries should now

appear in the Project.
Select
Close
Select
Libraries
Select the drop down and pick the
GPIC_Project.SCHLIB
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We can now place the components

in your circuit. All the components
of your circuit are available in this
library.
Select
Res2
Drag and drop into the workspace
Use the spacebar to rotate the component.
Double left mouse click on the component

to bring up the Component Properties.
Change the properties to suite.
Repeat this process until all components

are place in the correct positions.
8|Page
(Simulate the circuit)
Select the “Mixed Simulation

Toolbox”
Ensure the settings are as shown.
Double left mouse click on

Transient Analysis
Ensure the settings are as shown.

Select
OK
Select the simulation tool.
9|Page
Save your simulation output file (file with the extension *.sdf) in a folder and later
present it in your project report.
(Adding footprint to all the components from the standard

library)
Double click on any one of the
components.
Click add
Click on Browse
Select the footprint
Or you can give the path to the library
also
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(Creating a PCB layout)
Go to File and then to PCB to create a

PCB layout.
After that you must save this file by
clicking on Save All.
(Change the measurement unit to mm)
Go to Properties which is situated at the

right-hand corner of the scree to open
the property window.
Go to end of the window and select mm
to change the measurement unit to mm.
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Click view and go to Toolbars and make sure

that PCB Standard and Utilities are checked.
This will open this palette.
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(Adding a mechanical-4 layer in the layout)
Click here to open a

window to add mechanical
4 layer as shown.
Rename the layer as

Mechanical 4 and click OK.
You will see a mechanical 4

layer added at the bottom.
You must click on this
layer before you proceed
to define the board size.
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(Define the PCB board size as 70 mm x 60mm) [If your board size is different, then your PCB fie will be rejected]
Click on the drop-down button and click on
place line.
Click on the screen at drag till dx shows nearly
70 m and then click and go down 60 mm.
Similarly, you move horizontally and then
vertically to define the size of the board.
Board layout is marked.

Select the markings
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Click on Design and then Board Shape and

then click on Define from selected objects.
Then click yes to define the board size.
Now the board is defined
(Set rules for the PCB)

Click Design and then
click rule to set rules for
the PCB.
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A window will appear

where you set the
preferred, minimum and
maximum width of the
Routing as 1 mm. click on
apply.
The top layer and bottom
layer widths will be 1mm.
Now set clearance as 0.5

mm. click on apply.
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(Import the circuit from Schematic file to PCB)
Click on Design and then click Import

Changes from Project file.
A window will appear. Click on Validate
Changes and then Execute Changes.
And the close this window.
All the footprints are imported to the PCB.
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Place the components on the PCB as per

the schematic diagram before you start
routing these connections.
Click on the bottom layer before

your start routing the connections.
Right click and then click Interactive

Routing.
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Click on the node and follow the

connection to complete the routing
and create a track.
Remember. Don’t place routing on
GND Net connections.
Complete all the routing without any

conflict.
Click on the Place String to place a

text string on the PCB.
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Write your Group Name.

For example, here Section-11 Group-
A is written as G11-A.
You must check on Mirror to mirror
the text. When we Print this PCB,
you can read this text.
Click on Place and then click on

Polygon Pour
A positive cursor will appear and click on

each corner of the board to create polygon
pour. Follow the dotted line on the border
while clicking on the corners.
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Once Polygon pour is created, double click

on the blue surface to open a window.
On the Net, select GND.

Also select Pour Over Same Net Objects.
Then click apply.
(Implementing Mechanical-4 layer across the borders of the PCB)
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Double click on each border lines to open an

window.
Make sure mechanical 4 is selected.

Change the width to 1.5 mm
Vertical border line should leave a gap of 1

mm.
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Toggle between keypad 2 and 3 to see the different views of your design.
Now your PCB file (having extension “.PcbDoc”) is ready for printing. Name the file as
Group_ID. Once completed, email your file to your Tutor’s e-mail address on or before
14th of November 2022. Your PCB will be printed and will be returned to you by your
Tutor.
Once you received your PCB, it is ready for the next step. You must populate it with your
components by soldering. Once it is PCB is ready, test it by applying power to it. Finally
submit your completed PCB, project report and the project descriptor paper (up to
page no 4) to your Tutor for gradation on or before 22nd of December 2022.
Task C (Prepare the report)
Guidelines for the Project Report:
The project report will be written on the work performed throughout this project. Below
is a set of guidelines for the project report:
a) Fully completed Bahrain Polytechnic Cover Sheet,
b) Abstract –you may NOT COPY the abstract from this project descriptor. The
abstract should be no more than 75 words and should define the project and
provide a brief discussion of the work that is presented in the rest of the
document.
c) Electronically Generated Table of Contents (TOC) including page numbers
d) Electronically generated Table of Figures
e) Electronically Generated Table of Tables (if any).
f) Objectives – What are you hoping to achieve in this project. You may present your
objectives in bullet point format.
g) Introduction – Should contain a general discussion.
23 | P a g e
h) Circuit testing – Provide a clearly labelled diagram of the circuit along with test
results.
i) Discussion Section – Contains information regarding the information obtained,
comparisons between the experimental and calculated values obtained, you may
also include a discussion on how this project could be improved, any difficulties
you encountered, what you liked about the project.
j) Conclusions – Discuss the functioning of your circuit; discuss the objectives that
have been accomplished.
k) Reference Section – you must include references in your report, this can include
the data sheet for the components used, text books used to aid you in your design,
and web pages.
Upload your report and project descriptor paper (up to page no 4) unto Moodle link on or before
22nd December 2022
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Assessment Cover Sheet

Assessment Title Project (Traffic Light Simulator)

Programme Title: Bachelor of Engineering Technology

Course No.: EN6000

Course Title: Electrical Fundamentals

Due Date: 14th Nov 2022 Date submitted:

Do not write below this line. For Polytechnic use only.

Assessor: Date of Marking:

Task No. Task description LOs

No. Learning Outcomes

Aim of the Project:

Task A (Construct the Circuit)

Create a new project by

The new project will

Notice that the project

Save with the default

The next step is to ensure that the

Go to Moodle and download the

The two libraries should now

We can now place the components

Use the spacebar to rotate the component.

Double left mouse click on the component

Repeat this process until all components

(Simulate the circuit)

Select the “Mixed Simulation

Double left mouse click on

Ensure the settings are as shown.

Select the simulation tool.

(Adding footprint to all the components from the standard

(Creating a PCB layout)

Go to File and then to PCB to create a

(Change the measurement unit to mm)

Go to Properties which is situated at the

Click view and go to Toolbars and make sure

(Adding a mechanical-4 layer in the layout)

Click here to open a

Rename the layer as

You will see a mechanical 4

Board layout is marked.

Click on Design and then Board Shape and

Now the board is defined

(Set rules for the PCB)

A window will appear

Now set clearance as 0.5

(Import the circuit from Schematic file to PCB)

Click on Design and then click Import

All the footprints are imported to the PCB.

Place the components on the PCB as per

Click on the bottom layer before

Right click and then click Interactive

Click on the node and follow the

Complete all the routing without any

Click on the Place String to place a

Write your Group Name.

Click on Place and then click on

A positive cursor will appear and click on

Once Polygon pour is created, double click

On the Net, select GND.

Then click apply.

(Implementing Mechanical-4 layer across the borders of the PCB)

Double click on each border lines to open an

Make sure mechanical 4 is selected.