1.

Cases for Using Present Perfect Simple:

The Present Perfect Simple is used in the following situations:
a. Completed Actions with Relevance to the Present:
 Example: I have visited Paris several times.
b. Unspecified Time in the Past:
 Example: She has already seen that movie.
c. Experience in Life:
 Example: Have you ever traveled to Asia?
d. Accomplishments:
 Example: They have graduated from university.
e. Changes Over Time:
 Example: The climate has become more unpredictable.
f. Emphasizing the Result:
 Example: I've written a book.

2. Forming the Present Perfect Simple:

a. Affirmative:
 Subject + have/has (present simple) + past participle of the main verb
 Example: They have completed the project.
b. Negative:
 Subject + have/has not (haven't/hasn't) + past participle
 Example: She hasn't visited the museum yet.
c. Interrogative:
 Have/Has + subject + past participle
 Example: Have you ever tried sushi?
d. Negative Interrogative:
 Haven't/Hasn't + subject + past participle
 Example: Hasn't he finished his homework?
3. Time Expressions with Present Perfect Simple:
a. Definite Time:
 in the last hour, this week, today
b. Indefinite Time:
 already, ever, never, just, yet
c. Duration:
 for, since
 Example: I have lived here for five years.

4. Tips for Using Present Perfect Simple:

a. Use "since" with a specific point in time:
 Example: I have known her since 2010.
b. Use "for" with a duration of time:
 Example: They have been married for ten years.
c. Avoid using with specific time expressions like "yesterday" or "last week":
 Incorrect: I have done it yesterday.
 Correct: I did it yesterday.