ILIGAN MEDICAL CENTER COLLEGE

HABAL-HABAL MONITORING AND BOOKING SYSTEM FOR BARANGAY

UBALDO D. LAYA, ILIGAN CITY 2023

Ma. Carmela E. Daroy

med36213@imcc.edu.ph

Jared C. Macawala
jcm36352@imcc.edu.ph

Cirilo R. Sumimba Jr.

crs36727@imcc.edu.ph

College of Computer Science

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course

Systems Analysis and Design, 1st Semester of SY 2023-2024

Subject Advisor
Engr. Joselito L. Aban
Table of Content

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study…………… ………………………………………………. 1

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………. 2

Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………………….….2

General Objective of the Study……………………………………………………….2

Specific Objectives of the Study………..…………………………………………….2

Scope and Limitation…………………….…………………………………………….3

Significance of the Study…………………………………………..………………….3

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………….………….4

CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Readings…………………………………………………………...………….5

Related Studies…………………………………………………………………..……..6

International Studies………………………………………………………..…………. 6

Local Studies……………………………………………………………………….…...8

CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY

Project Design……………………………………...……………………………………

Participants………………………...……………………………………………….……

Locale Study……………………………………………………………………………..

Data Instrumentation…………………………………………………………………...

Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………………….………..……..

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The Philippines, a nation characterized by its stunning natural beauty,

vibrant culture, and a tapestry of over 7,000 islands, is a country of diverse
landscapes and communities (Kaplan, 2019). Nestled within this rich tapestry is
Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya, a community located in Iligan City, Philippines. While
this picturesque rural setting boasts a serene ambiance and close-knit community
bonds, it also grapples with the unique challenges of transportation.

The Philippines, with its archipelagic geography, presents a challenging

terrain for transportation infrastructure development. Its numerous islands are
connected by a network of roads, but many of these roads are characterized by
narrow pathways, sharp turns, and steep inclines, making traditional forms of public
transportation difficult to implement in remote areas (Gomez, 2018). This challenge
is particularly pronounced in Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya, where the rugged terrain
and scattered settlements make conventional transportation options impractical.

In this idyllic yet remote corner of the Philippines, residents heavily rely on
habal-habal motorcycles as their primary mode of transportation—a lifeline that
connects them to the essentials of modern life (Gomez, 2018). The habal-habal
phenomenon is a response to the unique geographical and sociocultural aspects of
the Philippines. These motorcycles, often modified to accommodate multiple
passengers and goods, navigate the narrow roads, winding pathways, and hilly
terrain, serving as a bridge between this secluded community and the world
beyond.

For many, habal-habal is not merely a means of transportation but an

integral part of their existence (Castro, 2020). The word "habal-habal" itself is
onomatopoeic, derived from the Filipino term for "hold on tight." It reflects the
intimate nature of these rides, where passengers often sit closely behind the driver,
gripping the motorcycle for stability. The habal-habal system embodies a sense of
community and trust, where passengers and operators often know each other
personally. It is not uncommon for habal-habal drivers to wait patiently for
passengers, even when they lack immediate fares.

However, the informal nature of habal-habal operations in Barangay Ubaldo

D. Laya poses significant challenges (Garcia, 2021). The absence of an organized
and structured monitoring and booking system has led to a myriad of issues that
affect both passengers and operators. Residents often find it challenging to secure
habal-habal services promptly, leading to long waiting times, especially during
emergencies or when urgently needed (Villanueva, 2019). Safety concerns also
loom large, as the lack of standardized safety measures and regulatory oversight
leaves passengers vulnerable to risks (Lopez, 2020). Moreover, the informal nature
of habal-habal operations has resulted in a lack of accountability among operators,
with no mechanisms in place to monitor and regulate their activities (Torres, 2020).
Given these challenges, there is a pressing need to develop and implement a
structured and comprehensive Habal-Habal Monitoring and Booking System
tailored to the specific needs of Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya. This system aims to
address the existing issues and improve the overall transportation experience for
the community.

Statement of the Problem

In Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya, the habal-habal service operates informally,
with no structured system for monitoring, booking, or ensuring the safety of
passengers. This lack of organization has given rise to several issues:

1. How can we enhance the safety of habal-habal services in Barangay Ubaldo D.

Laya through the implementation of a monitoring and booking system?
2. What improvements can be made to ensure the system benefits everyone in
the community's safety?
3. How can the system improve accessibility to habal-habal services, especially
during night time?
4. What impact will the regulatory framework within the booking system have on
operator accountability and overall passenger satisfaction?
5. What are the perceptions, expectations, and potential barriers of habal-habal
operators and passengers regarding the adoption of the Monitoring and
Booking System in their daily transportation practices?
Objectives of the Study
The primary objectives of this research are to develop a Habal-Habal
Monitoring and Booking System for Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya in Iligan City,
Philippines, and to assess its impact on the transportation ecosystem within the
community. To achieve these overarching goals, the study is designed to address
the following specific objectives:

1. System Development:
a. To design and develop a user-friendly and intuitive Habal-Habal
Monitoring and Booking System tailored to the needs of Barangay
Ubaldo D. Laya residents, habal-habal operators, and local authorities.
b. To integrate real-time GPS tracking, emergency response mechanisms,
and user registration functionalities into the system for efficient
monitoring and safety assurance.

2. Accessibility Improvement:
a. To enhance the accessibility of habal-habal services for residents,
reducing waiting times and ensuring prompt transportation, particularly
during emergencies or urgent needs.
b. To provide a seamless digital booking platform that enables passengers
to specify destinations and preferred service times, optimizing the
utilization of habal-habal resources.

3. Safety Enhancement:
a. To address safety concerns associated with habal-habal services by
implementing safety features such as emergency buttons, real-time
tracking, and driver profiles.
b. To evaluate the impact of these safety measures on passengers'
perception of security and trust in the habal-habal system.

4. Accountability and Regulation:

 a. To introduce a regulatory framework within the booking system to
monitor and regulate habal-habal operations within the Barangay.
b. To assess the extent to which this regulatory framework improves
operator accountability and fosters a sense of responsibility among
habal-habal drivers.

5. Stakeholder Perception:
a. To gauge the perceptions, expectations, concerns, and potential barriers
of both habal-habal operators and passengers regarding the
implementation of the Monitoring and Booking System.
b. To understand how these perceptions, influence the adoption and
integration of the system into daily operations and transportation
practices.

Timeframe
The research will be conducted over an estimated timeframe of 12 months,
which is divided into distinct phases:

1. Preliminary Research and System Design (September – November 2023):

a. This phase involves an in-depth literature review, consultations with
stakeholders, and the initial design and planning of the Habal-Habal
Monitoring and Booking System. Key milestones include literature review
completion, stakeholder engagement, and system design draft.

2. System Development and Testing (December 2023 – March 2024):

a. During this stage, the actual development of the system will take place.
This includes coding, programming, and testing to ensure functionality
and usability. Milestones in this phase include the completion of the
prototype and initial testing.

3. Pilot Implementation (April – May 2024):

a. A pilot implementation of the system will be conducted in Barangay
Ubaldo D. Laya, involving a select group of habal-habal operators and
 passengers. This phase will allow for adjustments and refinements
based on real-world usage and feedback.

4. Full Implementation and Evaluation (June – August 2024):

a. The finalized Habal-Habal Monitoring and Booking System will be
launched for full implementation. Data collection and evaluation will
occur during this phase, including surveys, interviews, and data analysis.
Milestones include system deployment and data analysis.

Scope and Limitations

This research will focus exclusively on the development and implementation
of a Habal-Habal Drivers and Passenger Monitoring and Booking System for
Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya D. Laya in Iligan City, Philippines. The system will
include the following components:

1. User Registration: Residents, habal-habal operators, and relevant local

authorities will have the capability to register and create accounts within the
system.

2. Booking System: Passengers will be able to book habal-habal rides

seamlessly through the digital platform, specifying their destinations and
preferred time of service.

3. Monitoring and Safety Features: The system will incorporate real-time GPS
tracking to monitor habal-habal rides, emergency buttons for passengers to
request assistance, and driver profiles for identification and background checks.

4. Mechanism: Users will have the means to report any issues or provide
feedback regarding habal-habal services through the system.

5. Regulatory Tools: The system will equip local authorities with the necessary
tools to effectively monitor and regulate habal-habal operations within the
Barangay.
Significance of the Study
The development and implementation of a Habal-Habal Monitoring and
Booking System in Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya hold significant implications for the
community. Passengers will be able to book habal-habal rides seamlessly through
the digital platform, specifying their destinations and preferred time of service. The
system will incorporate real-time GPS tracking to monitor habal-habal rides,
emergency buttons for passengers to request assistance, and driver profiles for
identification and background checks. Users will have the means to report any
issues or provide feedback regarding habal-habal services through the system.
The system will equip local authorities with the necessary tools to effectively
monitor and regulate habal-habal operations within the Barangay. This research
aims to address the pressing transportation challenges faced by the community,
ensuring greater safety, accessibility, and accountability for all stakeholders.

Theoretical Framework
The Habal-Habal Monitoring and Booking System in Barangay Ubaldo D.
Laya, Iligan City, Philippines, draws upon various concepts and theories from
different fields to provide a structured and comprehensive understanding of the
system's development, implementation, and impact (Davis, 1989).

The TAM (Technology Acceptance Model), developed by Davis in 1989,

posits that users' acceptance of new technology is influenced by perceived ease of
use and perceived usefulness (Davis, 1989). In the context of the Habal-Habal
Monitoring and Booking System, this theory helps explain how residents and habal-
habal operators will embrace the system based on their perceptions of its usability
and the benefits it offers in terms of accessibility and safety.
Definition of terms
For a better understanding of the concepts and terms to be used in the
study, the following are defined completely and/or operationally.

Habal-Habal - is a Tagalog term that translates literally to "catch and catch," but in
practical terms, it refers to a specific type of motorcycle taxi commonly found in the
Philippines.

Plate number- It refers to a sign on the front and back of a vehicle that shows its
registration number.

Barangay - It refers to the smallest political unit in the country.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents a comprehensive review of literature related to

transportation systems, with a specific focus on informal transportation and online
reservation systems. Understanding the existing body of knowledge is crucial in
shaping the development and implementation of the proposed Habal-Habal
Monitoring and Booking System. The review encompasses studies conducted both
within the Philippines and abroad, providing valuable insights and contextual
relevance to the study's objectives.

Related Reading

Angkas-like: Motorcycle taxis in Southeast Asia hit bumpy road toward gov’t
recognition

According to the article of Michelle Abad (2020), Like Angkas in the

Philippines, app-based services in Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia want
their governments to recognize motorcycles as official modes of
transportation. Manila, Philippines – With its launch in 2016, motorcycle taxi
service Angkas offered an alternative method of transportation so commuters could
glide through Metro Manila and Cebu traffic at the tap of a button.

The app-based ride-hailing service was bound to become popular in cities

where commuters spend hours in traffic jam every day. Under Philippine laws,
however, Angkas’ status remains illegal. Republic Act 4136 or the Land
Transportation and Traffic Code provides that motorcycles can only be private or
government vehicles. Private vehicles cannot be used for hire, while government
vehicles can only be used in fulfilling government functions.

With 9 pending bills in Congress seeking to recognize motorcycle taxis, the

technical working group (TWG) set strict and specific guidelines on Angkas’
operations during the pilot run to ensure commuters’ safety. While Angkas
maintained a 99.997% safety rate, new players JoyRide and Move It have yet to
show similar statistics.

In neighboring countries of Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia, motorcycle

taxis started as an informal sector and evolved into ride-hailing apps-based service
that received government attention and regulation.

Related Studies

International Studies

Sanchez and Rodriguez (2018) conducted a study on the "Impact of Online

Booking Systems on Passenger Satisfaction in Ride-Sharing Services." Their
research delved into the impact of online booking systems on passenger
satisfaction, offering insights into user satisfaction and the role of booking systems,
which are relevant to user experiences with the Habal-Habal Monitoring and
Booking System.

Wang, Zhang, and Li (2019) investigated the "Efficiency of Online

Reservation Systems in Urban Transportation." This study assessed the efficiency
of online reservation systems in urban transportation, focusing on their role in
reducing congestion and enhancing service delivery, providing insights into the
potential benefits of an efficient booking system for habal-habal services in urban
contexts.
Local Studies

In a study conducted by Kathleen Mae B. and Alexis M. Fillone (2018),

"Operational Characterization of Habal-Habal in Selected Municipalities of North
Cotabato," the researchers sought to understand the dynamics of habal-habal
service operations in Cotabato Province. This investigation focused on service
types, routes, schedules, fares, organizations/associations, service areas, and
existing regulation policies. The study illuminated the pivotal role of habal-habal in
providing transportation solutions to remote barangays, where alternatives are
limited.

Villanueva (2020) delved into the socio-economic impact of "habal-habal" on

rural communities in the Philippines. In the study, "Analyzing the Socio-Economic
Impact of 'Habal-habal' on Rural Communities in the Philippines," the researcher
investigated how habal-habal services contribute to accessibility and livelihoods in
remote areas.

Summary

This chapter has provided a comprehensive understanding of transportation

systems, particularly informal transportation and online reservation systems.
Drawing from a range of local and foreign studies, it has illuminated the
complexities and opportunities within the field. The insights garnered from these
studies will serve as the bedrock for the development and implementation of the
proposed Habal-Habal Monitoring and Booking System, addressing the unique
transportation needs of Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya, Iligan City, Philippines. In the
ensuing chapters, we will detail the methodology, system design, and
implementation plan, aiming to enhance accessibility, safety, and efficiency within
the community.
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research design of the system. It contains

processes, information and diagrams that represent the system.

PROJECT DESIGN

The researchers have chosen the Waterfall Model for developing the habal-
habal monitoring and booking system. This widely used method follows a
structured, sequential approach. It divides the project into distinct phases, each
with specific deliverables. Each phase begins only after the previous one is
finished, ensuring a clear and ordered development process. This approach is well-
suited for projects with well-defined requirements and where changes are minimal.

Figure 3.1 Waterfall Model

The waterfall model, with its sequential phases, enforces a strict order in
software development. Each phase can be revisited and refined until it meets the
desired outcome, like a cycle of improvement. This structured approach, coupled
with the linear workflow, helps minimize rework and ensures each stage is
thoroughly addressed before moving forward. This makes it well-suited for the
habal-habal monitoring and booking system.

Programming Procedure

The researchers will create software using a popular combination of

programming languages: PHP for backend functionality and Java for interactivity.
User login and registration will be handled through secure authentication logic
written in PHP. Data will be stored in a MySQL database, which can be accessed
and manipulated (CRUD operations) using PHP. To test the system, researchers
will use XAMPP, a popular development environment. The user interface will be
built using HTML and CSS.

System Architecture

Figure 3.2 System architecture of the Habal-Habal Monitoring and Booking System
 The figure dives into the system's inner workings, showcasing its
architecture as a detailed map. It highlights the system's structure, behavior, and
various perspectives, along with the specific technology modules involved. This
organized representation facilitates clear analysis of the system's components and
interactions.

Flow Chart Diagram

Figure 3.3 Habal-Habal Monitoring and Booking System Flow Chart Diagram
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE NEEDED FOR DEVELOPMENT
Software Requirements
Table 3.1
Software Description Usage
Hypertext Markup Standard markup
Language language for creating web
pages. Used to structure
content on the web,
defining elements like
HTML headings, paragraphs,
links, and more.
Cascading Style Sheets Style sheet language used
for describing the look
and formatting of a
document written in
CSS HTML. Controls aspects
like layout, colors, and
fonts.
Hypertext Preprocessor Server-side scripting
language used for web
development. Executes on
the server, generating
PHP
dynamic content.
Integrates with HTML and
databases.
Relational Database Open-source database
Management System system. Used to manage
(RDBMS) and store data in a
MySQL
structured format.
Cross-platform (X), Local server solution for
Apache (A), MariaDB (M), web development.
PHP (P), and Perl (P) Bundles Apache web
server, MySQL database,
and PHP, simplifying the
 setup of a local
development
environment. Ideal for
testing and developing
XAMPP
PHP and MySQL
applications.

Hardware Requirements
Table 3.2
DEVICE NAME SPECIFICATION USAGE
Any mobile phones, as Use the database view
long it has an internet feature to read and scan
connection. the QR code.

Smartphones
Core i5 Processor or AMD Use to launch the IDE and
Ryzen 5 5500, Windows the device for every
10 or 11, 8GB Hard Drive, connection.
512MB Video Memory

Laptop or Personal
Computer

PARTICIPANT

The respondents for the study on the Habal-Habal Booking and Monitoring
System in for Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya, Iligan City 2023, will primarily encompass
various stakeholder’s integral to the habal-habal transportation network within the
barangay. These respondents will include habal-habal drivers, local residents who
frequently utilize such services. Structured questionnaires will be administered to
approximately 20 respondents, capturing their experiences, preferences, and
safety concerns related to habal-habal services.

RESEARCH LOCALE

This study will be conducted at Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya. It is located

Philippines, Lanao Del Norte, Iligan City. This particular barangay serves as the
focal point, encompassing its distinct geographical boundaries, community
demographics, transportation infrastructure, and the stakeholders involved in
habal-habal services. Understanding the nuances of this specific locale is crucial
for developing a system that addresses the unique transportation needs and
challenges within this community.
Figure 3.4 Map of Barangay Ubaldo D. Laya, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte,
Philippines
DATA INSTRUMENTATION

The researchers will use the evaluation questionnaire type of tool to

measure the data that the respondents have provided. It will include a survey and
interview. The survey will be a System Usability Scale (SUS). This data relates the
system recommendation to the user acceptability, friendly rating, and other data.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Before developing the Habal-Habal Monitoring and Booking System, the

researcher will conduct a survey to gather feedback on the proposed system. A
survey and interview questionnaire will be used to collect the data. Following
approval from the panel members, the researcher underwent the following phases
and procedures in data collection for the study: the researcher writes a letter
requesting approval from the barangay captain to perform the study at the
barangay Ubaldo D. Laya. After receiving consent, the researcher explained the
goal of the study to the participants and then ensured that each participant fit their
predefined criteria. A survey and interview questionnaire were used by the
researcher to collect data. After the respondents have answered all the items, the
responses of the participants will be organized and analyzed using appropriate
statistical analysis.
STATISTICS ANALYSIS
To analyze the data, the researcher will use descriptive statistics for the
quantitative part to evaluate the Habal-Habal Monitoring and Booking System.
When a SUS is used, participants are asked to score the following 10 items with
one of five responses that range from Strongly Agree to Strongly disagree.

Each response is assigned a value for the SUS score calculation. The points
breakdown for the responses are:

Strongly Disagree: 1 point

Disagree: 2 points
Neutral: 3 points
Agree: 4 points
Strongly Agree: 5 points

For each response, you can tabulate the overall SUS score by using the following
framework:

1. Add up the total score for all odd-numbered questions, then subtract 5 from the
total to get (X).
2. Add up the total score for all even-numbered questions, then subtract that total
from 25 to get (Y).
3. Add up the total score of the new values (X+Y) and multiply by 2.5.
 Figure 3.5 Acceptability Score
References:

Castro, J. M. (2020). Motorcycle taxis in the Philippines: A look into the habal-habal
phenomenon. In Transport Policy.

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user

acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, (13(3)), 319-340.

Fillone, A. (2018, August 5). (PDF) Operational Characterization of Habal-habal in

Selected Municipalities of North Cotabato. ResearchGate. Retrieved November 5,
2023, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326832665_Operational_Characterizatio
n_of_Habal-habal_in_Selected_Municipalities_of_North_Cotabato

Garcia, A. B. (2021). An exploration of habal-habal motorcycle taxi services in rural

Philippines. Journal of Transport Geography, 92(103065).

Gomez, R. L. (2018). Exploring the dynamics of habal-habal operations in rural

areas of the Philippines. Journal of Rural Studies, 63, 132-142.

Guillen, M.D. V., & Ishida, H. (2004). Motorcycle-Propelled Public Transport and
Local Policy Development: The Case of “Tricycles” and “Habal-Habal” in Davao
City, Philippines. IATSS Research, (28), 56-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0386-
1112(14)60092-3

Kaplan, R. D. (2019). Places: Identity, Image and Reputation. In the Philippines

(pp. 295-311). Springer.

Lopez. (2019). Challenges and Opportunities in Regulating Motorcycle Taxis: The

Case of 'Habal-habal' in Bohol, Philippines.

Lopez, S. P. (2020). Assessing safety concerns of habal-habal passengers in the

Philippines. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 136(105442).
Parazo, R. A. (2016). Online Reservation and Monitoring System for Tarlac
College of Agriculture Dormitories.

Sanchez, & Rodriguez. (2018). Impact of Online Booking Systems on Passenger

Satisfaction in Ride-Sharing Services.

Smith, Johnson, & Brown. (2020). The Adoption and Impact of Mobile App-Based
Ride-Hailing Services in Developing Countries.

Torres, M. A. (2020). Informal urban transport in the Philippines: A case study of

habal-habal motorcycle taxis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,
(140), 248-265.

Torres, R. (2017). Assessment of Safety Practices in Informal Motorcycle Taxi

Operations in Metro Manila.

Villanueva. (2020). Analyzing the Socio-Economic Impact of 'Habal-habal' on Rural

Communities in the Philippines.

Villanueva, E. G. (2019). Accessibility and mobility in rural Philippines: The role of

habal-habal motorcycles. Journal of Transport Geography, (77), 63-73.

Wang, Zhang, & Li. (2019). Exploring the Efficiency of Online Reservation Systems
in Urban Transportation.

Zainal, N., & Chiew, P. Y. (2021). Integration of Attendance Monitoring System

Using RFID Technology with Web-based Facility Booking System for University
Cleanroom Laboratory Application.