binh matngi

= tired, exhausted
-
Structure 1: the Block Structure

Generally considered to be more appropriate for shorter cause and effect essays,
or for those in which only the causes or the effects are the focus of that essay (but
not both aspects), the block structure is when either the causes or the effects are
grouped separately and are introduced in blocks:

introduction

causes

effects

conclusion

With this structure type, there are three things to remember:

1. How many paragraphs the writer dedicates to the causes and to the effects is
dependent upon the length of the essay and the writer’s choice.

2. It’s important to include a transitional sentence either at the end of one

paragraph or the beginning of the next when moving the reader from discussing
the causes to discussing the effects.

3. The effects may be described before the causes if such effects are the focus of
the essay; otherwise, it’s generally considered to be more logical to always
place the causes before the effects in a cause and effect essay.

Using our example essay question, a plan for a block-structured essay about
preliminary-year programmes might contain the following ordering and main ideas:
trick
chong de bi
introduction

Cause 1: students required linguistic support

Cause 2: students needed instruction about cultural differences
Cause 3: universities realised they could make more profit

transition sentence

Effect 1: dropout rates have decreased

Effect 2: students have more appropriate course expectations
Effect 3: students have larger debts and debt-related stress

conclusion

4 of 20
Structure Two: the Point-by-Point Structure

Also known as chaining, a point-by-point structure is when a cause and effect

essay is ordered so that each cause and its effects are dealt with together before
moving on to the next cause. Such an ordering can be an efficient and logical way of
structuring an essay of this type, particularly if your essay is quite long or if you’ve
been asked to focus on both the causes and the effects of a topic.

Much like the block structure, it’s still considered logical however to order the
causes before the effects, as is shown in the following diagram:

introduction

cause 1 + effects

cause 2 + effects

cause 3 + effects

conclusion

Using our essay question about preliminary-year programmes, an example plan for
such a point-by-point cause and effect essay might look something like this:

introduction

Cause 1: students required linguistic support

Effects: dropout rates have decreased

Cause 2: students needed instruction about cultural differences

Effects: students have more appropriate course expectations

Cause 3: universities realised they could make more profit

Effects: students have larger debts and debt-related stress

conclusion

Whichever structure you choose, don’t forget to include the usual essay writing
elements and to make sure that your writing is clear, concise, logical and well
edited. Remember also to utilise some of the language structures that we’ll be
outlining in Chapter 3.

5 of 20
 As a result
of the rain, the game was
postponed untilnext wi.

he knows
Because he has
taughtthe class
for twenty years,
the content well.

No one was aware that the

company's stock could rise

so
suddenly.

Her classmates know where she had

wanted to learned
her art skills.

many students
is not that
It
surprising so are
going
the
into biomedical
engineering field.
the
country of Switzerland and Austria which lie in the
center

of Europe are beautiful countries.

the verb
get, which has many different meanings, is difficult
learners.
for English

The Beatles, which was

from the UK, became an
internationally famous
musical the 1960s.
groupin early
The rumors which were abt the new vice president were mean

and untrue.) The mean and untrue rumors were abt the new vice president

As a result
of the bad weather, the local high school graduation was

postponed.

The main entrance to the stadium is closed between 6:00pm

and
midnight.