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MAN-001(Mathematics-I)
Autumn Semester: 2020–21
Assignment-9: Vector Calculus I (Gradient, Divergence, Curl)
Notation: i = ~i, j = ~j and k = ~k are the unit vectors along x, y and z axis, respectively.
Boldface letters represent vectors.
1. Show that
(i) the necessary and sufficient condition for the vector function u(t) = u1 (t)i +
du
u2 (t)j + u3 (t)k to be a constant is = 0.
dt
(ii) the necessary and sufficient condition for the vector function u(t) = u1 (t)i +
du
u2 (t)j + u3 (t)k to have constant magnitude is u · = 0.
dt
(iii) the necessary and sufficient condition for the vector function u(t) = u1 (t)i +
du
u2 (t)j + u3 (t)k to have constant direction is u × = 0.
dt
2. The position vector of a particle at time t is r = cos(t − 1)i + sinh(t − 1)j + αt3 k. Find
the condition imposed on α for which at time t = 1, the acceleration is normal to the
position vector.
a1 a2 a3
3. Let [a b c] = a · (b × c) = b1 b2 b3 , for a = a1 i + a2 j + a3 k, b = b1 i + b2 j + b3 k
c1 c2 c3
and c = c1 i + c2 j + c3 k. Given r = a cos ti + a sin tj + btk, show that
1
where a and b are constant vectors.
7. (i) Find the unit vector normal to the level surface xy + y 2 − z 2 = 5 at (1, 2, 1).
(ii) Find the angle between the surfaces x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 and z = x2 + y 2 − 3 at the
point (2, −1, 2).
9. Show that
1 1
curl a × grad + grad a · grad = ~0,
r r
where a is a constant vector and r = xi + yj + zk with r = |r|.
10. (i) Determine a so that the vector F = (z + 3y)i + (x − 2z)j + (x + az)k is soleniodal.
(ii) Find the value of a if F = (axy − z 2 )i + (x2 + 2yz)j + (y 2 − axz)k is irrotational.
(iii) A field F is of the form F = (6xy + z 3 )i + (3x2 − z)j + (3xz 2 − y)k. Show that F
is a conservative filed (i.e., F is irrotational) and find its scalar potential.
2
1
(iii) ∇ · r∇ 3 = 3r−4 ,
r
(iv) ∇ · {rn (a × r)} = 0,
13. If r is the position vector of a variable point (x, y, z) and |r| = r, then show that
z = x2 + 5xy − 2y 2
23. Find the tangent plane and the normal line to the surface
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 30
Answers
2. α = ± √16 .
√
4. (i) ∇ϕ (2,−2,1)
= 10i − 4j + 16k, |∇ϕ| = 2 93. (ii) ϕ = xy + xy 2 + xz 2 + yz − 1.
√ √
6. (i) −4. (ii) 35 . (iii) 4
3
21.
(iv) 4i + 3j + 5k, 5 2.
2i+5j−2k
7. (i) √
33
. (ii) θ = cos−1 3√821 .