ENSSMAL (2023/2024)

Mathematics III-FPSM2 Dr. D.Mokhbi-Soukane

EXERCICES SERIES I : Algebraic Structures

Groupes-Rings-Fields-Vectorial spaces-Linear applications

Exercice 1.
Among the following statements, which ones are true, and which ones are false? Justify.

a) Subtraction is an internal composition law in R.

b) Subtraction is an internal composition law in N.

c) 0 is the neutral element for subtraction in Z.

d) Subtraction in R is associative.

e) 0 is the neutral element for addition in Z.

f) Addition is associative in N.

Exercice 2.
Let (R, +, •) be the ring of real numbers. We define two new operations ⊕ and ⊗ on R as follows:
∀(x, y) ∈ R2 , x ⊕ y = x + y and x ⊗ y = x · y − 2x − 2y + 6.

a) Show that (R, ⊕) is an Abelian group.

b) Show that (R, ⊕, ⊗) is a commutative unit ring.

c) Is (R, ⊕, ⊗) a field? Justify.

Exercice 3.
Let (A, +, •) be a unit ring. Let 0 and 1 be the neutral elements for + and • respectively. Let A be equipped
with two operations as follows :
a ⊕ b = a + b + 1 and a ⊗ b = a • b + a + b

a) Show that (A, ⊕, ⊗) is a ring.

b) Show that the mapping f : (A, +, •) −→ (A, ⊕, ⊗), defined as f (a) = a − 1 is a ring homomorphism.

Exercice 4.
Show that the following set of real sequences is a vector space over R.

{(un ) : N → R, (un ) + (vn ) = (un + vn ), and λ • (un ) = (λ • un ), λ ∈ R}

Exercice 5.
Give a basis for the following vector spaces.

1. {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 , x + y = y + z = 0}.

2. {P ∈ R3 [x], P (x) = P (1 − x)}.

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ENSSMAL (2023/2024)
Mathematics III-FPSM2 Dr. D.Mokhbi-Soukane

3. {u = (un ), un ∈ R, and un + un+2 = 0}.

Exercice 6.
Show that the sets F1 , F2 and F3 are not vector subspaces of R2 .
√
1. F1 = {(x, y) ∈ R2 |x + y = 2 a2 + b2 }.

2. F2 = {(x, y) ∈ R2 |x = 0 or y = 0}.

3. F3 = {(x, y) ∈ R2 |x ≥ 0 or y ≥ 0}.

Exercice 7.
     
1 6 9
a) Let u1 =  2  and v1 = 4 be two vectors over R3 . Show that w1 = 2 is a L-C of u1 and v1 .
     
−1 2 7
     
1 6 4
b) Let u2 =  2  and v2 = 4 be two vectors over R3 . Show that w2 = −1 is not a L-C of u2 and
     
−1 2 8
v2 .

Exercice 8.
Let E be a finite dimensional vector-space of dimension n, and let F and G be two vector subspaces of E such
that dim F + dim G > n. Show that F ∩ G 6= {0}.

Exercice 9.
Let E be an R−vector space of dimension 4 and let F and G be two 3−dimensional vector subspaces of E
such that F 6= G. Find the dimension of F ∩ G.

Exercice 10.
Prove, by using counterexamples, that vector subtraction is not commutative nor associative.

Exercice 11.
Assume that v and w are linear independent vectors.
Prove that v and (v + w) are linear independent vectors.

Exercice 12.
Find the coordinates of the vector (3, 2, 1) relative to the basis {(1, 0, 2), (2, 1, 0), (0, 3, 5)} in R3 .

Exercice 13.
Let f be a linear application defined as follows:

f : R3 −→ R3
(x, y, z) → (x + y + z, y + z, 2y + z)
Determine the kernel of f (ker(f )) and determine whether f is an isomorphism for R3 → R3

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ENSSMAL (2023/2024)
Mathematics III-FPSM2 Dr. D.Mokhbi-Soukane

Exercice 14.
Let f be a linear application defined as follows:

f : R3 −→ R2
(x, y, z) → (x − z, x + y)

a) Show that f is a linear application.

b) Determine the kernel of f as well as its rank rg(f ).

Exercice 15.
Let E be a vector space : E1 = {(x, y, z, t) ∈ R4 |x + y + z + t = 0, x − z − 2t = 0}.

a) Give a basis for R4 .

b) Give a basis for E1 .

c) What is its dimension?

Exercice 16.
Let R3 [X] the space of polynomials with real coefficients of degrees ≤ 3.

a) Give the canonical basis of R3 as well as its dimension.

b) Let E2 = {P ∈ R3 [X]|P (0) = P (1)}.

– Determine a basis for E2 as well as its dimension.

Exercice 17. Let f be a linear application defined as follows:

f : R2 → R2
(x, y) → (3x − y, x + 2y)

a) Show that f is a linear application.

b) Determine the kernel of f (ker(f )).