Reporter: AIRAH M.

GUILING Date:
Subject: Art Appreciation

ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART

Elements of Art: Visual

1. Line – refers to a point moving at an identifiable path

Different images of lines:
a. Horizontal and Vertical Lines
b. Diagonal and Crooked Lines
c. Curved Lines

2-3. Shape and Form - they define the space occupied by the object of an art.
2 categories of Shapes:
a. Geometric
b. Organic

4. Space – is related to shape and form.

Categories of Space:
a. Positive and Negative Space
b. Three-dimensional Space

5. Color – enhances the appeal of an artwork. This element is a property of light, as it is reflected off the object.
Isaac Newton – colors begin in his experiment called color theory which is now known as Color Wheel.
Different kinds of color:
a. Hue
 Primary colors – red, yellow, and blue
 Secondary colors – green, orange, and violet
 Tertiary colors – the combinations of primary and secondary colors
b. Value
c. Intensity

 To better understand intensity of color, color harmonies are to be considered.

 Color harmony – refers to the property that certain aesthetically pleasing color combinations have.
Types of color harmony:
 Monochromatic harmonies  Analogous harmonies
 Complementary harmonies  Triadic harmonies

6. Texture – this can be either real or implied. This element in an artwork is experienced through the sense of touch.

Elements of Art: Auditory

1. Rhythm –the element of music that situates it in time.

 Largo – slowly and broadly  Accelerando – gradually speeding up
 Andante – walking pace  Rallentado – gradually slowing down
 Moderato – at moderate speed  Allargando – getting slower, broadening
 Allegro – fast  Rubato – literally “robbed time”, rhythm is
 Vivace – lively played freely for expressive effect

2. Dynamics – refers to loudness or quietness of music.

 Pianissimo [pp] –very quiet
 Piano [p] – quiet
 Mezzo-piano [mp] – moderately quiet
 Forte [f] – loud
 Fortissimo [ff] – very loud
3. Melody – refers to the linear presentation (horizontal) of pitch.
4. Harmony – it arises when pitches are combined to form chords.
5. Timbre – the quality that distinguishes a voice or an instrument from another.
6. Texture – is the number of melodies, the type of layers, and their relatedness in a composition.

Principles of Art

1. Balance – refers to the distribution of the visual elements in view of their placement in relation to each other.
3 forms of balance:
a. Symmetrical
b. Asymmetrical
 c. Radial
2. Scale and Proportion
 Scale – pertains to the size in relation to what is normal for the figure or object in question.
 Proportion – is the size of the components, or of objects in relation to one another when taken as a
composition or a unit. This can also refer to value such as amounts or number of elements or objects in the
composition.
Proportion can be:
a. Natural
b. Exaggerated
c. Idealized
3-4. Emphasis and Contrast
 Emphasis – allows the attention of the viewer to a focal point.
 Contrast – is the disparity between the elements that figure into the composition.

5-6. Unity and Variety

 Unity – compositions are intended to imbue a sense of accord or completeness from the artwork.
 Variety – is the principle that aims to retain the interest by allowing patches or areas that both excite and
allow the eye to rest.

7. Harmony – is the principle of art that is related to unity and variety, in which the elements or objects achieve a
sense of flow and interconnectedness.

8. Movement – refers to the direction of the viewing eye.

9. Rhythm – this is created when an element is repeated, creating implied movement.
10-11. Repetition and Pattern
 Repetition – lines, shapes, colors, and other elements may appear in an artwork in a recurring manner.
 Pattern – the image created out of repetition.

Combined or Hybrid Art

Combined art – is the combinations of elements visual and auditory arts as well as the principles of art.
Examples of combined arts:
Dance
Theater
Documentary
Photography
Puppetry

Hybrid art – is the use of science and technology

Examples of hybrid art:
Robot
Social media and online platforms