CHM 432

EXPERIMENT 4 : KINETICS (ORDER OF REACTION)

NAME STUDENT NUMBER

AHMAD FAWWAZ AIMAN BIN AZIZ 2019406284

LECTURER’S NAME:

Dr. NORAINI BINTI HAMZAH

THE DATE OF THE EXPERIMENT: 14/4/2020

THE DATE THE LABORATORY REPORT WAS PREPARED: 15/4/2020

EXPERIMENT 4 : KINETICS (ORDER OF REACTION)

Objective : to determine the order of a reaction.

Procedure :

For experiment 1, three burettes was set up. 0.02 M KMnO 4 solution was filled into burette that
labeled as A. Next, burette that labeled as B was filled with 0.5 M H 2C2O4 (oxalic acid). The last
burette was filled with distilled water. The exact molarity for each solution was recorded. Them, 20.0
cm3 of H2C2O was placed into conical flask which had already cleaned and dried. 10.0 cm 3 of KMnO4
solution was poured into test tube. The test tube was labeled as KMnO 4. A few drops of
permanganate was added into the conical flask that contained the oxalic acid and start the stop
watch after the permanganate tube was emptied. The solution was mixed by swirling the conical
flask until the solution turn into light yellow or brown colour. After the solution has changed colour,
the time of the reaction was recorded. This process was repeated for another two times. The data
was recorded and labeled as Trial 2 and Trial 3.

For experiment 2 and 3, the procedure in the experiment 1 was repeated using the volume that
given in the Table 4.1 on the lab manual. The rate of the reaction for each experiment was
determined. The reaction in each of the experiment also was determined. Lastly, the full rate
equation for the reaction was identified.

Data and Calculation :

Experiment Solutions H2C2O4 KMnO4

Initial Molarity 0.5 M 0.02 M
1 Volume 20 mL 10 mL
Final Molarity M1V1=M2V2 M1V1=M2V2
0.50(20)=M2(20) 0.50(20)=M2(20)
M2= 0.50 M M2= 0.02 M
Initial Molarity 0.5 M 0.02 M
2 Volume 20 mL 5 mL
Final Molarity M1V1=M2V2 M1V1=M2V2
0.50(20)=M2(20) 0.02(5)=M2(10)
M2= 0.50 M M2= 0.01 M
Initial Molarity 0.5 M 0.02 M
3 Volume 10 mL 10 mL
Final Molarity M1V1=M2V2 M1V1=M2V2
0.50(20)=M2(10) 0.02(10)=M2(10)
M2= 0.25 M M2= 0.02 M

Experiment Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Time (min)

1 2.34 2.29 2.27 2.30
2 3.04 3.06 3.05 3.05
3 4.59 5.03 4.55 4.72
 2 KMnO4 + H2C2O4 → 2 CO2 + K2O + 2 MnO3 + H2O

The Initial Rate of Experiment:

EXPERIMENT 1

[ KMnO 4]
Initial rate =
∆T
[0.02]
Initial rate =
2.30
Initial rate = 8.70 × 10-3 Mmin-1

EXPERIMENT 2

[ KMnO 4]
Initial rate =
∆T
[0.02]
Initial rate =
3.05
Initial rate = 6.56 × 10-3 Mmin-1

EXPERIMENT 3

[ KMnO 4]
Initial rate =
∆T
[0.02]
Initial rate =
4.7 2
Initial rate = 4.24 × 10-3 Mmin-1

Experiment H2C2O4, M KMnO4, M Initial Rate, Mmin-1

1 0.50 0.02 8.70 × 10-3

2 0.50 0.01 6.56 × 10-3
3 0.25 0.02 4.24 × 10-3
rate = k[KMnO4]x[H2C2O4]y

Reaction order X :

exp 1 k [ KMnO 4 ]x [ H 2C 2 O 4 ] y
=
exp 2 k [ KMnO 4 ]x [ H 2C 2 O 4 ] y

rate 1 [ 0.02 ] x k [0.050] y

=
rate 2 [ 0.1 ] x k [0.050] y
8.70 ×10−3
= (2)X
6.56 ×10−3
X = 0.41 ≈ 0.50

The reaction order respect to X is 0.5

Reaction order Y :

exp 1 k [ KMnO 4 ]x [ H 2C 2 O 4 ] y
=
exp 3 k [ KMnO 4 ]x [ H 2C 2 O 4 ] y

rate 1 k x [ 0.02 ] x [0.50] y

=
rate 3 k x [ 0.02 ] x [0.25] y
8.70 ×10−3
= (2)y
4.24 × 10−3
Y=1

The Reaction order respect to Y is 1

rate = k[KMnO4]x[H2C2O4]y

rate = k[KMnO4][H2C2O4]0.5

The overall oder of the reaction is = X + Y

= 0.5 + 1

= 1.5

Rate Constant, k
rate = k[KMnO4]x[H2C2O4]y

rate = k[KMnO4][H2C2O4]0.5

8.70 × 10-3 Mmin-1 = k (0.020)0.5 (0.50)1

k = 0.113 M-0.5min-1

Discussion :

From this experiment, the order of the reaction was determined. The examined reaction was
between KMnO4 and with Oxalic acid where the dark colour purple of KMnO 4 changed to colorless
when the reaction completely occurred. As we mentioned before, each of the reagent used has the
same number of initial molarity. By knowing the initial molarity and volume used, we can
determined the final molarity by using the formula :

M1V1 = M2V2

So, the final molarity in each experiment are 0.5 M, 0.5 M, and 0.2 M for KMnO 4 respectively. For
the oxalic acid, the final molarity calculated are 0.02 M, 0.01 M, and 0.02 M for each experiment
respectively. After the final molarity was determined, the initial rate of each experiment can be
calculated by using the formula :

[ KMnO 4 ] i
Initial rate =
Taverage

Hence, the initial rate obtained are 8.70 × 10-3 Mmin-1, 6.56 × 10-3 Mmin-1 , 4.24 × 10-3 Mmin-1
respectively in each experiment. The reaction also can identified when the initial rate was
determined. The reaction order can be determined by comparing the initial rate in each experiment.

rate = k[KMnO4]x[H2C2O4]y

exp 1 k [ KMnO 4 ]x [ H 2C 2 O 4 ] y
=
exp 2 k [ KMnO 4 ]x [ H 2C 2 O 4 ] y
rate 1 k [ KMnO 4 ]x [ H 2C 2 O 4 ] y
rate 2 k [ KMnO 4 ]x [ H 2C 2 O 4 ] y

By using this formula, the reaction order calculated is 0,5 respect to KMnO 4 and 1 respect to the
H2C2O4. There are an error during handling this experiment which the volume of each solution are
overshoot. This error can bring a huge error in data and result. This experiment really dependent on
dispensing the exact quantity.

Conclusion :
 As a conclusion, the reaction order of this experiment was identified. The reaction order respect
to KMnO4 are approximately 0.5 while the reaction order respect to H 2C2O4 is 1. The rate constant of
this experiment was also determined. The value if the rate constant (k) is 0.113 M -0.5min-1.

References :

Beran, J.A. (2009). Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry, 8th Edition. NJ: John Wiley
& Sons.

Hein, M., Best, L. R., Miner, R. L. (2006). Foundations of Chemistry in the Laboratory, 12 th Edition.
John Wiley.

Nelson, J. H., Kemp, K. C. (2005). Chemistry the Central Science Laboratory Experiments, 10 th Edition.
Prentice Hall.

Jotter :