DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF LAOAG

GRADUATE SCHOOL
Witness to the Word

Name: Floriane Angel B. Pedro Subject: ED202

Course: MaEd- GenEd Teacher: Dr. Eldefonso Natividad

TASK 1
1. Give the different approaches to research designs. Create a table to present the differences along Focus, Types, Sampling Technique,
Data, Data Analysis, Results/Finding
DESIGN FOCUS TYPES SAMPLING DATA DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS/FINDING
TECHNIQUE
Qualitative Qualitative  One on one  Purposive Sampling Qualitative data Manual analysis  Comprehensive
Research research is interview - In purposive collection is gathering through grouping of  Description
concerned with  Focus groups sampling, non-numerical common themes and detailed
participants' own  Ethnographic researchers information, such as other methods  Holistic
experiences of a Research intentionally select words, images, and - Summarizing
life event, and the  Case study participants with observations, to - Categorizing
aim is to interpret research specific understand individuals' - Interpreting
what participants  Record keeping characteristics or attitudes, behaviors, Non-statistical
have said in order  Qualitative unique experiences beliefs, and motivations
to explain why they observation related to the in a specific context.
have said it. research question.
 Convenience Sampling
- In this non-
probability
sampling
technique,
participants are
selected based on
their accessibility
and willingness to
participate rather
than their
suitability for the
research question.
  Snowball Sampling
-The technique
involves identifying a
few initial participants
who meet the eligibility
criteria and asking them
to refer others they
know who also fit the
requirements.
 Theoretical Sampling
- This approach
allows researchers
to refine their
research question
and theory based
on the data they
collect rather than
forcing their data to
fit a preconceived
idea.
Quantitative Quantitative  Experimental  Probability sampling To collect quantitative Statistical analysis Generalizable
Research research focuses on research design  Non-probability data, you will often through numbers, findings, can be
gathering  Quasi- sampling need to use operational charts, tables and applied to other
numerical data and experimental definitions that statistical programs. population
generalizing it research design translate abstract
across groups of  Comparative concepts (e.g., mood)
people or to explain  Correlational into observable and
a particular  Descriptive quantifiable measures
phenomenon. research (e.g., self-ratings of
feelings and energy
levels).
Mixed- Mixed method  Convergent The choice of sampling Both qualitative and Traditionally, as Indicate how the
Method approaches allow parallel technique in mixed-method quantitative approaches noted by Creswell qualitative and
Design researchers to use a  Embedded research depends on and Plano Clark quantitative results
diversity of  Explanatory various factors like research (2007), “Data were “mixed” or
methods, sequential aims, resources, the analysis in mixed integrated (e.g.,
combining  Exploratory sequential or concurrent methods research discussion; tables of
inductive and sequential nature of data collection, consists of analyzing joint displays; graphs;
deductive thinking, the research question, and the quantitative data data transformation in
and offsetting the level of integration using quantitative which one form of
limitations of between qualitative and methods and the data is transformed to
exclusively quantitative approaches. qualitative data using the other, such as
 quantitative and qualitative methods” qualitative text, codes,
qualitative research themes are
through a transformed into
complementary quantitative counts or
approach that variables.
maximizes
strengths of each
data type and
facilitates a more
comprehensive
understanding of
health issues and
potential
resolutions.

2. Make a comparative table for the different sampling techniques, both probability and nonprobability sampling. As to the basis of
comparison, you may conduct research.

MEANING
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
1. Simple Random Random selection of the units from a population.
2. Systematic Selection of units from a population at regular
intervals.
3. Stratified Random selection of the units from the sub-
population formulated based on the variability in
the characteristics of the population. This
selection from strata (groups) could be
proportional or non-proportional
4. Cluster Categorization of the very large population in
different clusters (groups) based on their
geographical area or any other feature
APPLICABLE
Suitable for a small population. Expensive and
time-consuming. Requires a sampling frame.
Variability in the characteristics is not
significant.
Suitable for a small population.
Applicable when the researcher has time and
money.
Requires a sampling frame.
Variability in the characteristics of units is not
very large.
Suitable for populations having variability in
characteristics.
Applicable when the researcher has limited time
and money.
A sampling frame is required.
Suitable for a large population.
Applicable when the researcher has limited time
and money.

TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
1. Convenience Selection of units which are convenient for the
researcher to approach.
2. Purposive Sample for the study is selected based on the
perception or knowledge or judgement of the
researcher about the required sample set. Thus,
sample units are handpicked from the
population.
3. Quota Selection of the sample units from the different
categories of people (male, female, youngsters,
teenagers, or adult) formulated in the
population-based on certain criteria (quota).
These categories are defined as per researcher
view on traits, features, or interest. Herein, the
sample is selected from each category.
4. Snowball Selection of the sample units based on the
network formulated by connecting with more
units form the population. Herein, approached
unit suggest researcher the other units which
could be included in the study.
Reference: What are quantitative research sampling methods? (projectguru.in)
Suitable when the entire population can be
divided into clusters based on some common
feature like geographical area.
Suitable for a large population.
Requires less time and money.
Don’t need to generalize the results.
Suitable for a large population who are difficult
to reach.
Preferred when the researcher has less time and
money.
Applicable when different characteristics are
present in population i.e. groups could be
formulated from the population.
Preferred when the researcher has less time and
money.
Applicable when targeted population is very less
Suitable when difficult to identify or locate a
targeted population.
Suitable in the case when targeted population are
not willing to disclose themselves.
Preferred when researcher has less time and
money.