책1.indb 1 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:28

수능완성
영어영역
영어
책1.indb 1 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:28

이 책의 구성과 특징 STRUCTURE
유형편
약한 유형은 강화하고, 강한 유형은 놓치지 말자

최근 대학수학능력시험 및 모의평가 영어영역에 출제된 독해 문제 유형 전부를 수록하여 2023학년도 수능을
준비하는 수험생들이 각 유형을 점검하고 연습할 수 있도록 구성하였습니다.
Chapter
01 목적 · 심경
유형 소개
■ 글의 목적을 묻는 문제는 필자가 글을 쓴 의도를 파악하는 능력을 측정하는 유형으로 편지글이나 이메일이 주로 지문으로 사용된다.
■ 등장인물의 심경이나 심경의 변화를 묻는 문제는 등장인물이 어떤 사건을 겪으면서 느끼는 감정이나 감정의 변화가 드러나는 글이 주로
지문으로 사용된다.
Let’s Check It Out Let’s Check It Out 정답과 해설 2쪽
다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0001
2023학년도 대학수학능력시험 읽기 유형으로 출제 Dear Parents and Guardians,
될 가능성이 있는 각 유형의 대표 문항을 풀고 자신 I am writing to let you know about an incident that occurred at our school this
morning. At about 7:50 a.m., one of our fourth-grade students saw a raccoon in her
classroom. The student did not touch it, but instead alerted the teacher. The teacher
이 어떤 유형에 강하고 약한지 점검할 수 있다. immediately told the students to leave the classroom and alerted our administration.
One of our staff went to the room and caught the raccoon. It was sent to a wildlife
preservation center. No student appeared to show any signs of trauma from the event
and everyone returned to their classroom after the raccoon was removed. Instruction
continued normally for the rest of the day. If you have any questions or concerns, please
call the school.
Sincerely,
Jessica Brooks, Principal
✽trauma: 정신적 충격
① 학교 내 안전사고에 대한 보험 청구 방법을 안내하려고

② 자녀가 학교에 반려동물을 가져오지 않도록 당부하려고
③ 학교에 야생 동물이 출현한 사건에 관한 경과를 보고하려고
④ 안전 점검으로 인해 학교가 일시 폐쇄될 예정임을 공지하려고
⑤ 동물 장난감으로 친구를 놀린 학생에 대한 처벌 내용을 통지하려고
Vocabulary in Context
 incident 사건  raccoon 미국너구리

 alert 알리다, (~에게) 주의를 환기하다  immediately 즉시
 administration 행정팀, 행정 직원(들)  wildlife 야생 동물
 preservation 보호, 보존  instruction 수업, 교육
8 EBS 수능완성 영어
www.ebsi.co.kr
Let’s Solve It with Strategies Let’s Solve It with Strategies
Step 1 글의 도입부에서 글의 유형과 중심 소재를 파악한다.

학교장이 학부모와 보호자에게 보내는 글이며 아침에 일어난 사건을 설명하고 있다.
Let’s Check It Out에 소개된 대표 문제의 정답

Step 2 글의 전개 과정에 나타난 필자의 의도를 파악한다.
을 찾는 3단계 전략을 통해, 자신의 기존 문제풀이 4학년 학생 중 한 명이 교실에서 미국너구리를 보았으며 이를 선생님에게 알리자 선생님은 학생들을 교실에서 나
가게 한 다음 행정팀에 연락했고, 미국너구리는 잡혀서 야생 동물 보호 센터로 보내졌으며, 학생들은 다시 교실로
가서 정상 수업이 이루어졌다는 사건의 흐름을 시간의 순서대로 알리고 있다.
전략을 점검 및 보완하여 각 유형에 대한 문제 해결

력을 강화할 수 있다. Step 3 학교에서 발생한 미국너구리 출현 사건에 관해 학부모와 보호자에게 알리고, 질문이나 우려하는 점이 있으면 연락
바란다는 말로 글을 마무리하고 있으므로, 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은 ③ ‘학교에 야생 동물이 출현한 사건에
관한 경과를 보고하려고’이다.
Vocabulary Review Vocabulary Review
괄호 안의 영영 풀이를 참고하여 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 Vocabulary in Context에서 찾아 쓰시오.

Answer & Translation
1. I can’t remember the exact time the occurred. 1. incident | 나는 그 사건이 발생한 정
대표 문제의 지문에 등장한 중요 어휘를 영영 사전 (an event, especially one that is unusual or important) 확한 시간을 기억할 수 없다.
2. alert | 그 물체가 수상하다고 느끼면,
경찰에 알려야 한다.
2. If you feel suspicious about the object, you should the 3. preservation | 사람들은 그 역사적
뜻풀이를 이용해 문맥 속 의미를 재점검함으로써 police.

(to make someone aware of something)
인 건물들의 보존을 찬성했다.
수능 핵심 어휘를 복습할 수 있다. 3. People approved of the of the historical buildings.

(the act of keeping something safe from harm or loss)
Chapter 01 목적·심경 9
책1.indb 2 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:28

본 교재는 대학수학능력시험을 준비하는 데 도움을 주고자 제작되었으며, 교육 과정에 부합하는 내용으로 구성되었습니다. 특히 학생들
의 듣기 및 읽기 능력 신장을 목적으로 다양한 주제·소재·분야의 글과 정보를 제시하고 있으며, 교육 과정상의 어휘 범주를 고려하여
개발되었습니다. 교과서로 기본 개념을 익힌 후 본 교재를 활용하여 실제 응용력을 키우게 함으로써, 교육 과정 성취 목표 도달과 함께
대학수학능력시험 대비에 도움이 되도록 하였습니다.
Exercises E x e r c i s e s www.ebsi.co.kr
03
다음 글의
목적으로
가장
01 02
정답과 해설
적절한 것은 22053-00
04
2쪽
22053-0002 22053-0003 ? 04
다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에 드러난 ‘I’의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
앞 페이지에서 익힌 문제풀이 전략을 바탕으로 각

다음 글에
To our val 드러난 Jon
Dear Mr. Sanderson, As the sun began to set, I realized I wasn’t going ah의
ued M& 심경 변화로 가장 2205 3-0005
H Ltd. dea Jonah fel 적절한 것은
Thank you for your application for a position to make it to the Catskills as I hoped. I took out the Over the lers, t like he ?
past few rose on was bei
felt the months, the bac ng watch
working on the manufacturing line at Bulls map and decided to find a spot to camp. I found a k of his ed. The
유형의 연습문제들을 풀어 봄으로써 유형별 집중
value of we hav sharply. neck and hair
sig nifica the Canad e all There see he looked
Supplies. We have reviewed your résumé and have free camping ground on top of a mountain called ntl y aga ian dol the top med to
ins lar fal of be a sudden rou nd
determined that you have the proper credentials Mount Washington. I started to head toward the hav e abs t the US l the hill movem
orb ed do lla r. the tree but when ent at
up to thi the se cur We s were mo he stared
for the job. However, it is one of a relatively few mountain. The drive to the mountain was getting s point. ren cy shook his tionless. at the wo
cha ng es
훈련을 할 수 있다. tre nd in However head and Jonah too ods,
positions at the company that require certain tough. All the streets had no names. I was off exc han , this dow idiot. Wh told him k a deep
ge rat es nward sel breath,
re- eva has for at could pos f not to
levels of strength and coordination. Please visit the map in some tiny town just trying to find a lua te ou ced us down to sibly hur be such
eff ect ive r sit ua to roll up t him her an
our company’s website to check the schedule and nice piece of land to sleep on. There was a tall Ma rch tio n. Th the corner his soa e? He ben
9th , 201 ere for ked jea t
to apply 5, we wil e, of his eye ns and
location of a required physical ability test that will mountain in the distance; I figured that was Mount a net inc up in the , anothe saw, out
publish rease of l nee d trees to r flicker of
measure your ability to lift a reasonable amount of Washington, but every time I tried to get close ed prices 5% to and gaz his right. of movem
take suc . M&H all 201 ed at the Jonah stra ent
regrets 5 ridge abo
weight and operate certain physically demanding to it, the road seemed to take me in the opposite h action having two, not ightened
the Canad , but the to hing stir ve him. up
tools and machinery. The test will be administered direction of the mountain. Round and round I went current red. An For a mo
ian dollar state of slipping d then, ment or
makes versus oth through yes. Som
by a third-party assessment company; you should trying to find a way to get to it, but somehow I was it impos er curren then he the bee ething wa
absorb sible for cies saw a few ches. Jon s
plan on devoting about one hour for the test. Thank never able to make it across. I finally went back the these los us to con deer in ah stiffen
ses. Re tinue to with rel ed, and
continu st assure ief. He the woods
you again for your interest in employment with our way I came and ended up getting lost. A sigh came e to mo d, we wil there we remember . He sm
according nitor the l re deer ed his unc iled
company. out from me. I couldn’t find the entrance to the ly. Should situ ation, and come dow in the val le telling
about the you hav react n to fee ley. Per him
e any que d. hap s they wo
Sincerely, mountain. My head was hanging with failure. se price stions uld
not hes adjustme ✽flick
er: 순간적인
itate to nts, ple
Martha Flynn for yo ur contact ase do 어른거림
, 깜박거림
① jealous and angry un der sta us. We ✽✽ridg
✽credentials: 자격, 자격증 thank you e: 산등성이
continu nd ing ① furiou ✽✽✽
beech: 너도
② proud and hopeful ed suppor and val s → sym 밤나무
t. ue yo ur ② ash pathetic
① 신입 직원 환영회에 초대하려고 ③ indifferent and bored Sincerely amed →
, ③ ind proud
② 회사 내 변경된 담당 업무를 설명하려고 ④ delightful and grateful Peter Be ifferent
nnet ④ sca
→ confus
⑤ discouraged and disappointed Sales Ma red → reli ed
③ 입사 시험 최종 합격 결과를 통지하려고 nager eved
⑤ bor
④ 누락된 입사 구비 서류 제출을 요청하려고 ed → thr
illed
⑤ 직원 채용에 필요한 신체 능력 검사를 안내하려고 ① 신제품에
대한 소비
② 환율 자 반응
변동으로 조사를
인한 수출 요청하려
③ 환율 량 변화 고
변동에 를 문의
따른 제품 하려고
④ 배송 가격 인상
지연으로 을 통보
인한 상품 하려고
⑤ 매출 입고일
하락으로 변경을
인한 가맹 사과하려
점 손실 고
보전 방안
을 안내
하려고
Chapter
01 목적·
심경
11
실전편
한 회 한 회 풀면서 수능 영어를 완성하자

실전 모의고사 5회분을 수록하여 수험생들이 실전 감각을 익히고 자신의 강점과 약점을
파악할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였습니다.
정답과 해설 53쪽
실전 모의고사 1회 제한시간 70 분 ┃ 배점 100 점

06 22053-0101 09 22053-0104
대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점] Goodfriends Communications Center의 비디오 제작 강좌에
관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.
문항에 따라 배점이 다릅니다. 3점 문항에는 점수가 표시되어
있습니다. 점수 표시가 없는 문항은 모두 2점입니다.
04 22053-0099 ① $9
대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르 ② $10 ① 7월 1일부터 3주 동안 진행된다.
시오. ③ $11 ② 유명 온라인 비디오 크리에이터의 특별 강연이 있다.
④ $12 ③ 저소득 가정을 위한 수강료 할인이 있다.
1번부터 17번까지는 듣고 답하는 문제입니다. 1번부터 15번까지
는 한 번만 들려주고, 16번부터 17번까지는 두 번 들려줍니다. 방 ⑤ $13 ④ 최대 30명으로 인원이 제한된다.
송을 잘 듣고 답을 하시기 바랍니다. ⑤ 전화 통화와 문자 메시지로 등록을 확인해 준다.
①
N
SUNNY HILL TOW
01 22053-0096
②
③
⑤
다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르
시오.
① 손 씻기 교육 캠페인 우수 사례를 소개하려고 ④

② 학교 화장실을 청결하게 사용하도록 당부하려고
③ 전염병 예방 교육 비디오의 시청 감상문을 모집하려고
④ 손 씻는 방법에 관한 교내 캠페인이 진행됨을 알리려고
07 22053-0102
대화를 듣고, 남자가 여행용 가방 주문을 취소한 이유를 고르

⑤ 교내에 새로 설치된 손 씻는 시설의 활용을 권유하려고
시오.
① 여행이 취소되어서
② 색이 마음에 들지 않아서
③ 예상보다 크기가 너무 작아서
02 22053-0097 ④ 삼촌으로부터 여행용 가방을 얻어서
대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ⑤ 가격이 더 싼 다른 가방을 사게 되어서
① 식단을 짤 때는 맛보다 영양의 균형을 먼저 고려해야 한다.
② 공복 상태에서의 운동은 부정적인 효과를 낳을 수 있다.
③ 영양 보충제 구매 시 주요 성분을 꼼꼼히 살펴야 한다.
④ 운동 직후 단백질을 섭취하면 근육 발달이 촉진된다.
⑤ 단백질 섭취에서는 양보다 질이 더 중요하다.
10 22053-0105
다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 남자가 주문할 자전거용 신발을
08 22053-0103
고르시오.
03 22053-0098 05 22053-0100 대화를 듣고, Kingston Bookmark Design Competition에 Bicycle Shoes
대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오. 대화를 듣고, 남자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오. Number
Model Material Color Price
of Dials
① 코치 - 주장 선수 ① 조별 과제 정리하기 ① 주최 기관
① A Mesh Fabric Black 1 $ 65
② 상담사 - 내담자 ② 도서관 개관 시간 확인하기 ② 참가 대상 ② B Mesh Fabric White 2 $ 71
③ 헬스 트레이너 - 헬스장 회원 ③ 사회 시험 기출 문제 복사하기 ③ 주제 ③ C Mesh Fabric Light Grey 2 $ 85
④ 기자 - 스포츠 분석가 ④ 도서관 그룹 스터디룸 예약하기 ④ 심사 기준 ④ D Mesh Fabric Light Blue 1 $ 93
⑤ 경기 심판 - 팀 감독 ⑤ 친구에게 바뀐 공부 장소 알려 주기 ⑤ 수상 혜택 ⑤ E PVC Yellow 2 $ 108
82 EBS 수능완성 영어 실전 모의고사 1회 83
책1.indb 3 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:29

이 책의 차례 CONTENTS
유형편
Chapter 01 목적ㆍ심경 8
Chapter 02 필자의 주장ㆍ글의 요지 12
Chapter 03 글의 주제 16
Chapter 04 글의 제목 20
Chapter 05 도표 24
Chapter 06 세부 내용 파악 28
Chapter 07 실용문 32
Chapter 08 어법 36
Chapter 09 어휘 40
Chapter 10 빈칸 추론 ( 1 ) 44
Chapter 11 빈칸 추론 ( 2 ) 48
Chapter 12 함축 의미 추론 52
Chapter 13 무관한 문장 파악 56
Chapter 14 글의 순서 파악 60
Chapter 15 문장 삽입 64
Chapter 16 요약문 완성 68
Chapter 17 장문의 이해 ( 1 ) : 1지문 2문항 72
Chapter 18 장문의 이해 ( 2 ) : 1지문 3문항 76
책1.indb 4 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:29

실전편
실전 모의고사 1회 82
정답과 해설
학생 모르는 문제, 찍어서 해설 강의 수강 교사 교재 문항을 한글(HWP)문서로 저장

[ 22053-0001 ] [ 22053-0001 ]
1. 윗글에 대해 이해한 내용으로 가장 적절한 것은? 1. 윗글에 대해 이해한 내용으로 가장 적절한 것은? EBS 교재 문항을 한글(HWP)파일로
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책1.indb 6 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:29
영어영역 영어
Chapter 01 목적ㆍ심경 Chapter 10 빈칸 추론 ( 1 )
Chapter 02 필자의 주장ㆍ글의 요지 Chapter 11 빈칸 추론 ( 2 )
Chapter 03 글의 주제 Chapter 12 함축 의미 추론
Chapter 04 글의 제목 Chapter 13 무관한 문장 파악
Chapter 05 도표 Chapter 14 글의 순서 파악
Chapter 06 세부 내용 파악 Chapter 15 문장 삽입
Chapter 07 실용문 Chapter 16 요약문 완성
Chapter 08 어법 Chapter 17 장문의 이해 ( 1 ) : 1지문 2문항
Chapter 09 어휘 Chapter 18 장문의 이해 ( 2 ) : 1지문 3문항
유형편
책1.indb 7 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:29

Chapter
01 목적 · 심경
유형 소개
■ 글의‌
목적을 묻는 문제는 필자가 글을 쓴 의도를 파악하는 능력을 측정하는 유형으로 편지글이나 이메일이 주로 지문으로 사용된다.
■ 등장인물의 심경이나 심경의 변화를 묻는 문제는 등장인물이 어떤 사건을 겪으면서 느끼는 감정이나 감정의 변화가 드러나는 글이 주로
‌
지문으로 사용된다.
Let’s Check It Out 정답과 해설 2쪽
다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0001
Dear Parents and Guardians,

I am writing to let you know about an incident that occurred at our school this
morning. At about 7:50 a.m., one of our fourth-grade students saw a raccoon in her
classroom. The student did not touch it, but instead alerted the teacher. The teacher
immediately told the students to leave the classroom and alerted our administration.
One of our staff went to the room and caught the raccoon. It was sent to a wildlife
preservation center. No student appeared to show any signs of trauma from the event
and everyone returned to their classroom after the raccoon was removed. Instruction
continued normally for the rest of the day. If you have any questions or concerns, please
call the school.
Sincerely,
Jessica Brooks, Principal
✽trauma: 정신적 충격
① 학교 내 안전사고에 대한 보험 청구 방법을 안내하려고

‌
② 자녀가 학교에 반려동물을 가져오지 않도록 당부하려고
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③ 학교에 야생 동물이 출현한 사건에 관한 경과를 보고하려고
‌
④ 안전 점검으로 인해 학교가 일시 폐쇄될 예정임을 공지하려고
‌
⑤ 동물 장난감으로 친구를 놀린 학생에 대한 처벌 내용을 통지하려고
‌
 incident 사건  raccoon 미국너구리

 alert 알리다, (~에게) 주의를 환기하다  immediately 즉시
 administration 행정팀, 행정 직원(들)  wildlife 야생 동물
 preservation 보호, 보존  instruction 수업, 교육
책1.indb 8 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

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Let’s Solve It with Strategies
Step 1 글의 도입부에서 글의 유형과 중심 소재를 파악한다.

학교장이 학부모와 보호자에게 보내는 글이며 아침에 일어난 사건을 설명하고 있다.

Step 2 글의 전개 과정에 나타난 필자의 의도를 파악한다.
4학년 학생 중 한 명이 교실에서 미국너구리를 보았으며 이를 선생님에게 알리자 선생님은 학생들을 교실에서 나
가게 한 다음 행정팀에 연락했고, 미국너구리는 잡혀서 야생 동물 보호 센터로 보내졌으며, 학생들은 다시 교실로
가서 정상 수업이 이루어졌다는 사건의 흐름을 시간의 순서대로 알리고 있다.

Step 3 학교에서 발생한 미국너구리 출현 사건에 관해 학부모와 보호자에게 알리고, 질문이나 우려하는 점이 있으면 연락
바란다는 말로 글을 마무리하고 있으므로, 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은 ③ ‘학교에 야생 동물이 출현한 사건에
관한 경과를 보고하려고’이다.

Vocabulary Review

1. I can’t remember the exact time the occurred. 1. incident | 나는 그 사건이 발생한 정
확한 시간을 기억할 수 없다.
(an event, especially one that is unusual or important)
2. alert | 그 물체가 수상하다고 느끼면,
경찰에 알려야 한다.
2. If you feel suspicious about the object, you should the 3. preservation | 사람들은 그 역사적
인 건물들의 보존을 찬성했다.
police.
(to make someone aware of something)
3. People approved of the of the historical buildings.

(the act of keeping something safe from harm or loss)
책1.indb 9 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

E x e r c i s e s www.ebsi.co.kr
01 22053-0002 02 22053-0003
다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에 드러난 ‘I’의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Dear Mr. Sanderson, As the sun began to set, I realized I wasn’t going
Thank you for your application for a position to make it to the Catskills as I hoped. I took out the
working on the manufacturing line at Bulls map and decided to find a spot to camp. I found a
Supplies. We have reviewed your résumé and have free camping ground on top of a mountain called
determined that you have the proper credentials Mount Washington. I started to head toward the
for the job. However, it is one of a relatively few mountain. The drive to the mountain was getting
positions at the company that require certain tough. All the streets had no names. I was off
levels of strength and coordination. Please visit the map in some tiny town just trying to find a
our company’s website to check the schedule and nice piece of land to sleep on. There was a tall
location of a required physical ability test that will mountain in the distance; I figured that was Mount
measure your ability to lift a reasonable amount of Washington, but every time I tried to get close
weight and operate certain physically demanding to it, the road seemed to take me in the opposite
tools and machinery. The test will be administered direction of the mountain. Round and round I went
by a third-party assessment company; you should trying to find a way to get to it, but somehow I was
plan on devoting about one hour for the test. Thank never able to make it across. I finally went back the
you again for your interest in employment with our way I came and ended up getting lost. A sigh came
company. out from me. I couldn’t find the entrance to the
Sincerely, mountain. My head was hanging with failure.
Martha Flynn
① jealous and angry
✽credentials: 자격, 자격증
‌
② proud and hopeful
‌
① 신입 직원 환영회에 초대하려고 ③ indifferent and bored
‌
‌
② 회사 내 변경된 담당 업무를 설명하려고 ④ delightful and grateful
‌
‌
③ 입사 시험 최종 합격 결과를 통지하려고 ⑤ discouraged and disappointed
‌
‌
④ 누락된 입사 구비 서류 제출을 요청하려고
‌
⑤ 직원 채용에 필요한 신체 능력 검사를 안내하려고
‌
책1.indb 10 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

03 22053-0004 04 22053-0005
다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에 드러난 Jonah의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?
Jonah felt like he was being watched. The hair

rose on the back of his neck and he looked round
To our valued M&H Ltd. dealers, sharply. There seemed to be a sudden movement at
Over the past few months, we have all the top of the hill but when he stared at the woods,
felt the value of the Canadian dollar fall the trees were motionless. Jonah took a deep breath,
significantly against the US dollar. We shook his head and told himself not to be such an
have absorbed these currency changes idiot. What could possibly hurt him here? He bent
up to this point. However, this downward down to roll up his soaked jeans and saw, out of
trend in exchange rates has forced us to the corner of his eye, another flicker of movement
re-evaluate our situation. Therefore, up in the trees to his right. Jonah straightened up
effective March 9th, 2015, we will need and gazed at the ridge above him. For a moment or
to apply a net increase of 5% to all 2015 two, nothing stirred. And then, yes. Something was
published prices. M&H regrets having to slipping through the beeches. Jonah stiffened, and
take such action, but the current state of then he saw a few deer in the woods. He smiled
the Canadian dollar versus other currencies with relief. He remembered his uncle telling him
makes it impossible for us to continue to there were deer in the valley. Perhaps they would
absorb these losses. Rest assured, we will come down to feed.
✽flicker: ✽✽ridge:
continue to monitor the situation, and react 순간적인 어른거림, 깜박거림 산등성이
✽✽✽beech: 너도밤나무
accordingly. Should you have any questions
about these price adjustments, please do ① furious → sympathetic
‌
not hesitate to contact us. We thank you ② ashamed → proud
‌
for your understanding and value your ③ indifferent → confused
‌
continued support. ④ scared → relieved
‌
Sincerely, ⑤ bored → thrilled
‌
Peter Bennet
Sales Manager
① 신제품에 대한 소비자 반응 조사를 요청하려고

‌
② 환율 변동으로 인한 수출량 변화를 문의하려고
‌
③ 환율 변동에 따른 제품 가격 인상을 통보하려고
‌
④ 배송 지연으로 인한 상품 입고일 변경을 사과하려고
‌
⑤ 매출 하락으로 인한 가맹점 손실 보전 방안을 안내하려고
‌
책1.indb 11 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

Chapter
02 필자의 주장 · 글의 요지
유형 소개
■ 필자의
‌
핵심 의견이나 글의 중심 생각을 이해하는 능력을 측정하는 유형이다.
■ 주장은 필자가 글을 통해 전달하고자 하는 의견이고, 요지는 글 전반에 드러나는 중심 생각이다.
‌
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0006
Compassion and kindness so color the messages sent from others’ emotional brains to their
rational brains that few decisions about you will be untainted by their influence. Nice guys
don’t finish last. They’re forgiven their mistakes more frequently, trusted more quickly, believed
more readily, seen as more attractive, and consistently given the benefit of any doubt. Nothing
predisposes others to form a favorable opinion of you more quickly and enduringly than when
you show the people you work with that you’re a kind and compassionate person. As Albert
Schweitzer once said, “Constant kindness can accomplish much. As the sun makes ice melt,
kindness causes misunderstanding, mistrust, and hostility to disappear.” In your attempt to build
favorable impressions, never ignore the power your compassion and kindness toward others has
on their impression of you.
✽untainted: 오염되지 않은 ✽✽predispose: (생각에 영향을 주어) ~하게 만들다
① 상대방의 상황을 이해하려면 동정의 마음이 필요하다.

‌‌
② 서비스업 종사자는 친절하고 우호적인 성향을 보이곤 한다.
‌
③ 오해와 적개심은 사회관계 형성에 부정적인 영향을 끼친다.
‌
④ 오래 만난 사이일수록 동정과 친절의 감정을 더 크게 느낀다.
‌
⑤ 동정과 친절은 좋은 인상을 형성하는 데 결정적 역할을 한다.
‌
 compassion 동정, 연민  color 영향을 끼치다, 채색하다

 rational 이성적인, 합리적인  attractive 매력적인
 consistently 일관되게
 give ~ the benefit of the doubt (남에 대해) 미심쩍은 점을 선의로 해석하다
 enduringly 지속적으로  constant 변함없는, 거듭되는
 accomplish 성취하다  hostility 적개심
 attempt 시도; 시도하다
책1.indb 12 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 글의 도입부에서 중심 소재를 파악한다.

첫 번째 문장(Compassion and kindness ~.)을 통해 ‘동정과 친절이 대인 관계에 미치는 영향’을 중심 소재로 하
고 있음을 알 수 있다.

Step 2 글의 논리적 전개를 따라가며 필자가 어떻게 핵심 의견을 드러내는지 파악한다.
두 번째 문장(Nice guys ~.)부터 다섯 번째 문장(As Albert Schweitzer ~.)까지 필자는 친절하고 인정 많은 태
도를 가지는 것이 대인 관계에 상당히 긍정적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 자신의 생각을 드러내고 있다.

Step 3 글의 결론부에서 필자의 핵심 의견이나 중심 생각을 다시 확인한다.
마지막 문장(In your attempt ~)에서 필자는 상대방에게 좋은 인상을 구축하려 할 때, 동정과 친절의 태도를 가지
는 것이 중요하다는 생각을 한 번 더 강조하고 있다. 따라서 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은 ⑤이다.

Vocabulary Review

1. Don’t allow your friends’ opinions to your judgment. 1. color | 친구들의 의견이 여러분의 판
단에 영향을 미치도록 내버려 두지 말라.
(to affect someone’s decision or opinion about something)
2. rational | 우리가 합리적인 논의를 할
수 있을 때까지 기다립시다.
2. Let’s wait till we can have a(n) discussion. 3. attempt | 의사들은 그 소년의 생명을
구하려는 마지막 필사적인 시도를 했다.
(based on clear thought and reason)
3. The doctors made one last desperate to save the boy’s

life.
(the act or an instance of trying to do or accomplish something)
Chapter 02 필자의 주장·글의 요지 13
책1.indb 13 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

01 22053-0007 02 22053-0008
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Many people believe that they are very good at Recognize that you may very well have unhealthy
detecting deception. They may even cite examples habits when it comes to technology — most
where they were correct in spotting a lie when people do. In a British study, 60 percent of parents
others around them were not so sensitive. The worried that their kids engaged in too much
problem with such unproved evidence is that it’s screen time, while 70 percent of kids felt their
difficult to know when one is wrong in believing parents used technology too much. You have to
a lie. Unless there was independent evidence later model responsible use of digital devices. Talk to
that someone was lying, how would you discover your kids about the universal struggle to regulate
your incorrect judgment? By definition, successful technology use, including your own. Offer tips that
lies go undetected and there is no way of keeping have worked for you or other people you know.
track of them. In fact, across scores of experiments, Give your kids permission to call you out when
average detection accuracy is only slightly better you check your phone while they’re trying to talk
than chance. Specifically, with 50% as a baseline to you. Apologize. Show them you’re working on
for chance accuracy, the average detection accuracy it. When a friend of ours was on vacation with her
is approximately 55%. Furthermore, there is little family, she gave her smartphone to her husband to
or no relationship between confidence in judgments stash out of sight. She knew if she had access to it,
and accuracy. she’d be too inclined to check her e-mail, taking
✽deception: 속임수 her out of the moments she wanted to focus on her
family.
① 근거가 없는 주장은 힘을 발휘하지 못한다. ✽stash: 간수하다, 챙겨 두다
② 상황을 파악한 다음에 올바른 판단을 내릴 수 있다.
③ 거짓말을 제대로 간파했는지 여부는 확신하기 어렵다. ① 스마트폰 사용의 문제점을 자녀 스스로 깨닫게 하라.
‌
④ 자신의 생각을 솔직하게 밝히면 관계 형성에 도움이 된다. ② 자녀와의 소통을 위해 디지털 기기를 적극적으로 활용하라.
‌
⑤ 거짓말로 인해 무너진 신뢰감은 회복하는 데 오랜 시간이 걸 ③ 스마트폰 사용에 관한 가족 규칙을 정해 보이는 곳에 게시하라.
‌
‌
린다. ④ 부모 스스로 디지털 기기를 분별 있게 사용하는 모범을 보이라.
‌
⑤ 자녀의 스마트폰 중독이 의심될 때는 전문 기관에 도움을 요
‌
청하라.
책1.indb 14 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

03 22053-0009 04 22053-0010
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
A positive attitude does not mean that every Creating your personal brand is a way of
idea has to be treated as wonderful. It means a clarifying your values, aspirations, character,
positive exploration of an idea to discover and expertise, and how you add value. Your brand can
show up whatever good features it has. The next be an anchor in a sea of change and opportunity.
step might be to find the weaknesses in order to It helps you understand which jobs fit you best
avoid or strengthen them, rather than using them and which jobs are best filled by someone else, or
as a means for rejecting the idea. Finally, the fully what kind of projects bring out the best in you and
developed idea may not be used because there is a which leave you feeling just meh. It also helps you
better one or because — good though it may be — differentiate yourself from the crowd. Consider
it is not suitable. Too often we feel we have to start the hundreds of thousands of people worldwide
rejecting an idea at the beginning because we know who graduate with the same type of degree every
that at the end we are not going to be able to act year (e.g., business, education, engineering, law,
upon it. There is nothing wrong with being positive psychology, sociology, health sciences). It’s
about an idea and showing, honestly, at the end difficult to stand out if you expect your degree
why it is not possible to adopt it. alone to distinguish you from the rest. You don’t
want to be the best-kept secret in your organization
① 아이디어가 채택되지 않은 이유를 사후에라도 분석하여 개선 or field, nor do you want to make people guess
‌
할 필요가 있다.
what your interests and strengths are, because it’s
② 초반부터 실현 가능성을 염두에 두고 아이디어를 제안하는
your responsibility to let people know where and
‌‌
것이 바람직하다.
how you can make your best contributions.
③ 아이디어를 거부하기 전에 일단 긍정적 태도로 검토한 후 결
✽meh:
‌
시시한
정하는 것이 좋다.
④ 창의적 아이디어를 발굴하기 위해서는 긍정적이고 활발한 의 ① 다수의 의견에 편승하기보다는 자신의 개성과 소신을 지켜야
‌
‌
사소통이 효과적이다. 한다.
⑤ 제안된 아이디어에 대해 비판하기보다는 건설적인 대안을 제 ② 자신만의 특성과 강점을 명확하게 드러내 남들과 차별화해야
‌
‌
시하는 것이 중요하다. 한다.
③ 원활한 소통을 위해서 다른 사람들의 관심사를 잘 알아 두어야
‌
한다.
④ 직무를 선택하기 전에 직무에 필요한 역량을 정확하게 파악
‌
해야 한다.
⑤ 조직에 대한 충성보다는 개인의 행복과 균형 있는 삶을 중시
‌
해야 한다.
Chapter 02 필자의 주장·글의 요지 15
책1.indb 15 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:31

Chapter
03 글의 주제
유형 소개
■ ‘무엇에
‌
관한 글인가’를 파악하는 유형이다. 글의 중심 내용을 파악한 다음, 이것을 명사구로 정확하게 표현한 선택지를 고른다.
■ 글의 핵심 어구 및 중심 내용을 정확하게 파악하는 것이 필수적이다.
‌
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0011
Our reasoning has various biases and deficits. Numbers expose the most obvious deficits in
our reasoning skills, especially numbers involving probabilities. We have a hard time judging
probability without referring to past events. The best example of this is known as the gambler’s
fallacy. The gambler’s fallacy, also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy, is the mistaken belief
that, if something happens more frequently than normal during some period, it will happen less
frequently in the future, or that, if something happens less frequently than normal during some
period, it will happen more frequently in the future. Our brains are powerful engines of decision
making, but probabilities throw a wrench in our cognitive gears. The reason is simple — for
most of our evolutionary history, we didn’t have to think about probabilities. We existed in much
simpler times. We followed much simpler equations like this: BEAR = “run as fast as humanly
possible.”
① probabilities as a key cause of faulty reasoning

② evolutionary explanations of human social behavior
③ the mistaken view that humans are naturally reasonable
④ potential risks of simplifying cause-and-effect relationships
⑤ reasons why people’s biases are often unconscious or implicit
 bias 편견, 편향  deficit 결함, 부족, 결손

 probability 확률, 개연성  fallacy 오류, 틀린 생각
 throw a wrench in ~을 방해하다, ~에 훼방을 놓다  cognitive 인지적인, 인식의
 evolutionary 진화적인, 발전의  equation 방정식, 등식
 humanly 인간의 능력으로, 인간적으로
책1.indb 16 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:31

www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 글의 소재를 파악한다.

우리에게는 추론하는 데 있어서 편견과 결함이 있으며 특히 확률과 관련된 숫자에서 가장 명백한 결함이 드러난다
고 첫 두 문장에서 소개하고 있다.
Step 2 빠르게 읽으며 중심 내용을 파악한다.

우리는 과거의 사건을 참조하지 않고는 확률을 판단하기 어렵고, 어떤 일이 일정 기간 더 자주 일어나면 미래에는
덜 자주 일어날 것이고 일정 기간 덜 자주 일어나면 미래에는 더 자주 일어날 것으로 생각하는 오류를 범한다는 예
를 들며, 확률에 대한 고려가 인지적 판단을 망치는데, 그 이유는 진화의 역사에서 인간은 확률에 대해 생각할 필요
가 없었기 때문이라고 설명하고 있다. 따라서 인간은 확률을 잘 판단하지 못하며 확률로 인해 인지적 추론에 어려
움을 겪는다는 것이 글의 중심 내용임을 알 수 있다.
Step 3 주제를 가장 잘 표현한 선택지를 고른다.

확률을 포함하는 숫자는 인간의 추론 기술의 결함을 드러내고 확률은 인간의 인지적 장치를 망쳐 놓는다고 기술하
고 있다. 따라서 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은 ① ‘잘못된 추론의 주요 원인으로서의 확률’이다.
② 인간의 사회적 행동에 대한 진화론적인 설명
③ 인간이 선천적으로 합리적이라는 잘못된 견해
④ 인과 관계를 단순화하는 것의 잠재적 위험
⑤ 사람들의 편견이 자주 무의식적이거나 암시적인 이유
Vocabulary Review

1. It is important that employers consider all candidates impartially and 1. bias | 고용주들이 모든 후보자를 공
평하고 편견 없이 고려하는 것이 중요
without .
하다.
(a tendency to prefer one person or thing to another) 2. probability | 우리 팀이 이번 경기에
서 이길 확률은 거의 없다.
3. cognitive | 주의 집중, 기억, 추론과
2. There is very little that our team will win this match.
같은 다양한 인지적인 기술은 간단한 일
(how likely something is to happen) 상적인 과업을 수행하는 데 관련된다.
3. Multiple skills such as attention, memory, and reasoning

are involved in performing simple daily tasks.
(relating to conscious intellectual activity)
008~079 수능완성(영어)본문-유형편.indd 17 2022-05-11 오후 2:19:25

01 22053-0012 02 22053-0013
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
When a pesticide is applied to a population, it Social media have played a significant part in the
affects those individuals that are sensitive to its move from “We” to “I.” In the world they create, I
mode of action. But unless the target population is am on the stage, bidding for attention, while others
genetically uniform, individuals are likely to differ form my audience. This is not how character is
in their susceptibility to toxins. If a few individuals made, nor is it how we develop as moral agents.
have the ability to break down the pesticide, they Morality is born when I focus on you, not me;
will be at an enormous selective advantage. These when I discover that you, too, have emotions,
individuals will have a superior ability to survive desires, aspirations, and fears. I learn this by being
and reproduce after being exposed to the pesticide, present to you and allowing you to be present to
and they will therefore leave more offspring than me. It is this deeply subtle interaction that we learn
susceptible individuals will leave. In the next slowly and patiently through ongoing conversations
generation, a higher proportion of individuals will with family, friends, peers, teachers, mentors, and
be resistant to the pesticide. Thus, the application others. We develop empathy and sympathy. We
of a pesticide creates a strong selective pressure learn what it is to receive acts of kindness and then
for resistance to it. When the process is repeated to repay them. Morality is about engaging with the
over several generations, a population in which all raw human vulnerabilities of others that lie beneath
or most individuals are resistant to the pesticide the carefully burnished image, and about our ability
can be created. This typically leads to a search for to heal some of the pain. I learn to be moral when I
newer, even more toxic products. develop the capacity to put myself into your place,
✽pesticide: 살충제 ✽✽susceptibility: 민감성 and that is a skill I only learn by engaging with
you, face to face or side by side.
① growing dangers of pesticide poisoning in wild ✽vulnerability: 취약성 ✽✽burnished: 광을 낸, 닦은
‌
animals
② key factors affecting the resistance of plants to ① negative impacts of social media on building
‌
‌
insect pests self-esteem
③ ways to reduce potential health effects from ② the importance of accepting others as they are in
‌
‌
pesticide exposure relationships
④ evolutionary process in which pesticide ③ effective ways to carry on deep and meaningful
‌
‌
resistance develops conversations
⑤ difficulties of replacing chemical pesticides with ④ critical factors to consider in the determination
‌
‌
biological alternatives of moral values
⑤ the need for direct engagement with others to
‌
develop morality
책1.indb 18 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:31

03 22053-0014 04 22053-0015
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Natural selection has favored systems that allow When sporting events are experienced as
an animal to defend its rights without having to community events, the athletes are not seen
jeopardize its own life. In one system, animals as objects and the fans are not consumers of a
divvy up the available space in a habitat into good. Instead athletes and fans come together
territories. Each territory holder advertises its claim to experience a moment in time that connects
with visual displays, scent marks, or sound and them as part of a unique experience never to be
patrols the borders to guard against trespassers. duplicated. Experienced this way the emotions and
Neighboring claim holders may face off at the the mythology of athletes performing superhuman
“fence line” occasionally, but even then, they prefer feats are no less intense than if they were treated
to stay on their side. In areas where the habitat is in as entertainers and objects presented to fans for
good shape, the system works beautifully; almost consumption. But this way the bonds are tighter
every animal has the privacy and space it needs between athletes and fans, and the memories are
to find food and shelter, court a mate, and, most deeper. There is a reason the Brooklyn Dodgers
importantly, pass on its genes. The territory system are still cemented into the minds of Brooklynites
is also flexible; some animals defend an area even though the team left the borough fifty-two
only when breeding or when they want to keep years ago, and there is a reason Jerry West, Sam
an abundant source of food all to themselves. The Huff, Major Harris, Darryl Talley, and Pat White
same animals can turn off their security alarms to are legends in West Virginia. They are all part of a
join a herd at the water hole or when migrating in community, not a consumer, experience.
search of food. ✽feat: (눈부신) 기량 ✽✽borough: (New York 시의) 자치구
✽divvy: 나누다, 분배하다 ✽✽trespasser: 침입자

① effects of sports being perceived as a community
‌
① the ecological features of a sustainable habitat event
‌
② the way a food chain is constructed in a territory ② reasons why people prefer to go to live sporting
‌
‌
③ territorial behaviors of animals to avoid events
‌
predators ③ efforts of communities to attract professional
‌
④ territory system by which animals keep their sports clubs
‌
own rights ④ advantages of participating in a community
‌
⑤ aggressiveness of animals as a way of claiming sports league
‌
their territory ⑤ influences of the increase of fans on the
‌
performance of athletes
책1.indb 19 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:31

Chapter
04 글의 제목
유형 소개
■ 글의
‌
중심 내용을 가장 잘 표현하고 있는 제목을 찾는 유형이다.
■ 제목은 주제처럼 핵심어 위주로 그대로 제시하거나 말을 바꾸어 표현하기도 하지만, 은유적이거나 함축적인 말 혹은 의문문이나 명령문
‌
등의 형태로 다양하게 표현하기도 한다.
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0016
Loss of hearing means a previously well trained dog may seem to ignore you. She may also
get scared more easily, so you’ll need to explain to visitors and family members not to sneak
up on her, or she might snap out of fear without meaning to. Some dogs with bad hearing begin
barking a lot more — they can’t hear themselves, or you, and so use their “alarm cry” to get
attention. Giving her extra treats or petting simply rewards the behavior and can make barking
worse. Instead, a short “time out” in a small room usually calms the barking, after which the
quiet dog can rejoin the family. You’ll also learn to stamp a foot, wave your hand or use other
visual signals to gain her attention. Dogs readily learn hand signals instead of voice commands,
and adjust so quickly to dimming senses that you may not know anything is different at all.
✽sneak: 몰래 다가가다 ✽✽dim: 흐릿해지다
① Causes of Disability in Old Dogs

‌
② Sensory Edges Only Deaf Dogs Have
‌
③ Training Hearing Dogs for Deaf People
‌
④ How to Get Along with Your Dog Going Deaf
‌
⑤ Common Mistakes That Make Your Dogs Deaf
‌
 snap (동물이) 물려고 하다  bark 짖다

 pet 쓰다듬다  reward 보상하다
 rejoin 다시 합류하다  stamp (발을) 구르다
 adjust 적응하다, 조정하다  disability 장애
 sensory 감각의  edge 우위, 유리함
 hearing dog 청각 장애인 안내견
책1.indb 20 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:31

www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 글의 도입부에서 중심 소재를 파악한다.

첫 번째 문장(Loss of hearing means ~.)을 통해 ‘개의 청력 손실’을 소재로 하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

Step 2 글의 논리적 전개를 따라가며 글의 중심 생각이 어떻게 드러나는지 파악한다.
두 번째 문장(She may also get scared ~.)과 세 번째 문장(Some dogs with bad hearing ~.)을 통해 청력에
문제가 있는 개가 보일 수 있는 특성을 묘사하고 있고, 네 번째 문장(Giving her extra treats ~.)에서는 잘못된
대처법에 대해 언급하다가 다섯 번째 문장(Instead, a short “time out” ~.) 이후로는 바람직한 대처법에 대한 설
명을 제시하고 있다. 즉, 개괄적인 글의 요지는 청력을 잃어 가고 있는 개와 생활하는 방법에 대한 설명이라는 것을
알 수 있다.

Step 3 글 전체가 말하고자 하는 요지를 포괄할 수 있는 제목을 고른다.
청력을 상실한 개가 보일 수 있는 여러 가지 특성과 이에 대한 대처 방법을 서술하는 내용이므로, 글의 제목으로 가
장 적절한 것은 ④ ‘청력을 잃어 가는 개와 함께 잘 지내는 방법’이다.
① 늙은 개의 장애 원인
② 청각 장애견만이 가지고 있는 감각적 우위
③ 청각 장애인을 위한 청각 장애인 안내견 훈련
⑤ 여러분의 개를 청각 장애견으로 만드는 흔한 실수들
Vocabulary Review

1. The company has a plan to him for his years of service. 1. reward | 회사는 그의 수년간의 봉사
에 대해 보상할 계획을 갖고 있다.
(to make return for)
2. adjust | 그녀는 혼자 사는 것에 적응
하는 데 한참이 걸렸다.
2. It took her a while to to living alone. 3. edge | 훈련을 통해 여러분은 경쟁자
보다 우위를 점할 수 있다.
(to adapt oneself)
3. Training can give you the over your competitors.

(an improved position or advantage)
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01 22053-0017 02 22053-0018
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
In the UK, 40–50 percent of householders feed Museums have learned from the entertainment
birds in their gardens, dishing out an estimated industry that a “story” (narrative) can become a
50,000–60,000 tonnes of bird food each year. vehicle to enhance the didactic content. Museums
Providing food in winter, when natural foods might now create exhibition scripts that include a personal
be scarce, allows birds to survive food shortages, narrative that involves the visitor emotionally with
but it is not clear whether feeding year-round has the content. Prior to the 1980s and the opening
a positive or negative effect on birds. In the US, of Epcot Theme Park in Florida, many museums
species that use bird feeders most frequently tend thought only of a didactic scheme. With the
to be doing just as well as, or better than, species opening of Epcot, museums started to use narrative
that use them more sporadically. But some studies as a vehicle to convey educational content. It was
in the UK suggest that winter feeding can have a — and is — a dramatic shift. In 2013, the theme of
negative effect on following breeding performance, the American Alliance of Museum’s annual meeting
advancing laying date but decreasing clutch was “The Power of Story.” Lately, gamification,
size and breeding success. This may be because borrowed from the world of video games, has taken
additional food provides ‘incorrect’ cues to birds hold in some museums — transforming learning
for timing of breeding. Feeders also change the into a game, using in-gallery interactive exhibits
evolution of birds, selecting for longer bills that and smart phone apps to award badges to visitors
are better at reaching the food inside, and changing and create competition between participants.
migratory behaviour. Visitors are asked for feedback to show that they
✽sporadically: 이따금씩 ✽✽clutch size: (한 번에 낳은) 알의 수 have understood the content. They receive rewards
and can compare themselves with other visitors.
① Urban Birds Need More Food! ✽didactic: 가르치려는, 교훈적인
‌
② How to Feed Birds in Your Garden
‌
③ The Secrets of Urban Bird Breeding ① Museums Bring Entertainment into Education
‌
‌
④ Do Bird Feeders Help or Hurt Birds? ② Narrative Impact: How Stories Change Minds
‌
‌
⑤ How Birds Cope with Cold in Winter ③ Problems with Visitor Participation at Museums
‌
‌
④ Entertainment Industry Dominates Modern
‌
Museums
⑤ How Integral Roles of Museums Have Been
‌
Changing
책1.indb 22 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:31

03 22053-0019 04 22053-0020
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A cell contains millions of proteins. These Did you know that a plant knows when it is being
proteins are continuously built up and broken eaten? Well, as recent research reveals, it does,
down by the cell. They are continuously recycled, but it doesn’t just sit there and accept its fate. It
but this recycling process does not always run deploys troops to defend itself, in an effort to stop
smoothly. Every now and then, a protein escapes the predator. In this case, the research subject was
the process: It is not broken down but remains in a plant called thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana),
the cell. At first there are only a few proteins, but as a member of the cabbage family. Thale cress was
the decades pass, more and more proteins remain the first plant to have its genome sequenced, so
in the cell. They also tend to cluster together, so researchers have a better understanding of its inner
that unbreakable protein clumps eventually fill workings than of most other plants. To find out if
up the cell. As time goes by, our cells become so the plant was aware of being eaten, the scientists
filled with aggregated proteins that they no longer re-created the vibrations that a caterpillar makes
function well. That causes them to age: Heart cells as it eats the leaves. They also recorded other
no longer contract properly; nerve cells do not vibrations that the plant might experience, such
transmit signals efficiently; digestive cells do not as that of wind blowing. Sure enough, the cress
absorb food as well as they used to. Finally, many responded to the vibrations that mimic a munching
cells simply die, strangled in a web of proteins. caterpillar by upping its production of mildly toxic
✽clump: 덩어리 ✽✽aggregate: 결집시키다 ✽✽✽strangle: 질식시키다 mustard oils and delivering them to the leaves to
deter predators. The plant showed no response to
① Ways to Increase Your Protein Intake
wind or other vibrations.
‌
② Can the Aging Process Be Slowed Down? ✽sequence: (유전체의) 배열 순서를 밝히다
‌
③ Connections Between Activity and Longevity ✽✽munch: 우적우적 먹다
‌‌
④ How Proteins in Cells Contribute to Their Aging
‌
⑤ How Aging and Weakening Immunity Are Related ① How Plants Use Vibrations as Protection
‌
② What Effects Do Insects Have on Plants?
③ Plants Defend Themselves Against Predators
④ Can Plants Communicate with Other Plants?
⑤ Amazing Disease Resistance Mechanisms in
‌
Plants
책1.indb 23 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:31

Chapter
05 도표
유형 소개
■ 다양한
‌
형태의 표, 막대그래프, 원그래프, 선 그래프와 함께 이를 설명하는 글을 제시하고 세부 사항의 일치 여부를 확인하는 유형이다.
■ 도표나 표에 제시된 정보가 선택지 문장과 정확하게 일치하는지를 확인하는 것이 문제 해결에 필수적이다.
‌
다음 표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 22053-0021
Renewable Energy Generation Capacity and Global Share by Region (2020)
Change Growth Rate

World Region Capacity (GW) Global Share (%)
since 2019 (GW) since 2019 (%)
Asia 1,286 46 +167.6 +15.0
Europe 609 22 +34.3 +6.0
North America 422 15 +32.1 +8.2
South America 233 8 +9.2 +4.1
Eurasia 116 4 +6.2 +6.0
Africa 54 2 +2.6 +5.0
Oceania 44 2 +6.9 +18.5
Middle East 24 1 +1.2 +5.2
Central America & the Caribbean 16 1 +0.3 +2.1
(GW: gigawatt)
✽Percentages may add up to more than 100 due to rounding.
The table above shows the renewable energy generation capacity and its global share by region
in 2020, along with its change and growth rate between 2019 and 2020. ① Asia increased its
renewable energy generation capacity by 167.6 GW to reach 1,286 GW, which accounted for
46% of the total global renewable energy generation capacity. ② Capacity in Europe and Eurasia
expanded by 34.3 GW and 6.2 GW, respectively, while the growth rates of the two regions
were the same, at 6.0%. ③ South America ranked fourth in terms of capacity, global share, and
change, but its growth rate was lower than that of Africa. ④ Oceania was the fastest growing
region with a growth rate of 18.5%, although its global share was only 2%. ⑤ The Middle East
and Central America & the Caribbean each accounted for 1% of the total global renewable
energy generation capacity, and, among all the regions, the Middle East ranked the lowest in
terms of growth rate.
 renewable 재생 가능한  generation 발전, 발생, 세대

 capacity 용량, 수용력  account for (부분·비율을) 차지하다
 expand 늘다, 커지다  respectively 각각, 각자
책1.indb 24 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:32

www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 표의 제목과 글의 첫 번째 문장을 통해 소재와 중심 내용을 파악한다.

1. 표의 제목: Renewable Energy Generation Capacity and Global Share by Region (2020)
2. 첫 번째 문장: 위의 표는 2020년의 지역별 재생 에너지 발전 용량과 세계 점유율을, 2019년과 2020년 사이의
‌
변화량 및 성장률과 함께 보여 준다.
→ 2020년의 지역별 재생 에너지 발전 용량과 세계 점유율, 2019년과 2020년 사이의 변화량 및 성장률

Step 2 표의 이해를 위한 개요를 파악한다.
세로 항목: Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Eurasia, Africa, Oceania, Middle East,
‌
Central America & the Caribbean
→ 9개의 지역 제시

가로 항목: Capacity (GW), Global Share (%), Change since 2019 (GW), Growth Rate since 2019 (%)
‌
→ 용량, 세계 점유율, 변화량, 성장률을 제시

Step 3 표와 선택지 내용의 일치 여부를 확인한다.
① 아시아: 재생 에너지 발전 용량 167.6GW 증가해서 1,286GW에 도달, 46%의 점유율  일치
② 유럽과 유라시아: 각각 34.3GW와 6.2GW 증가, 성장률은 6.0%로 동일  일치
③ 남아메리카와 아프리카: 남아메리카는 용량, 세계 점유율, 변화량 면에서 4위, 성장률은 아프리카보다 낮은 순
‌
위  일치
④ 오세아니아: 2%의 점유율, 18.5%의 성장률로 가장 빠르게 증가  일치
⑤ 중동과 중앙아메리카 및 카리브해 지역: 각각 1%의 점유율  일치
‌
중동은 성장률에서 최하위  불일치
→ 성장률 면에서 최하위를 기록한 지역은 중앙아메리카 및 카리브해 지역이다. 따라서 표의 내용과 일치하지
‌
않는 것은 ⑤이다.

Vocabulary Review

1. This power plant is known to have the generating of 5,000 1. capacity | 이 발전소는 5,000㎿의
발전 용량을 가진 것으로 알려져 있다.
megawatts.
2. expand | 그 회사는 그 새로운 소프
(the maximum amount or number that can be contained or 트웨어에 대한 세계 시장이 2022년이면
accommodated) 5천 억 달러로 커질 것이라 예상한다.
3. respectively | 수출과 수입은 각각
28%와 34%가 증가했다.
2. The company estimates the global market for the new software will
to $500 billion by 2022.
(to become larger)
3. Exports and imports have grown by 28% and 34%, .

(in the same order as the items that have just been mentioned)

01 22053-0022 02 22053-0023
다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 다음 표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Time Spent Playing Digital Games Daily in Norway from Share of All Trips Taken by Car in 2015 and 2050,
Time spent playing digital games daily in Norway
from
20162016 to 2020
to 2020 by by gender
Gender by Region
50
44 Change
World Region 2015 (%) 2050 (%)✽
40 39 38 (in percentage points)
Time spent in minutes
37
34
North America 81.2 76.1 –5.1
30 28
Europe** 56.4 44.4 –12.0
20 19 19
16 Middle East 54.6 56.3 +1.7
14
10 Latin America 40.5 42.4 +1.9
Asia 28.3 40.3 +12.0
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Africa 20.2 27.4 +7.2
Men Women ✽projection, based on current policies
✽✽includes Turkey
The graph above shows the time spent playing The table above shows the percentage share of
digital games daily in Norway from 2016 to 2020 trips taken by car in 2015 and the projected share
by gender. ① Men spent more than 30 minutes per for 2050, by region, including information on the
day playing digital games throughout the five years, changes from 2015 to 2050. ① The percentage
with their daily playing time increasing from 34 of trips taken by car in North America was 81.2
minutes in 2017 to 44 minutes in 2020. ② Women percent in 2015, but its share is expected to
spent 28 minutes per day playing digital games in decrease to 76.1 percent in 2050. ② In Europe, the
2016, but their daily playing time dropped to just percentage of the car as a mode of transportation
half of that number the following year. ③ The time is projected to decline to 44.4 percent in 2050,
spent playing digital games per day by women was falling from 2015 by 12.0 percentage points.
the highest in 2016, and in both 2018 and 2019 ③ In the Middle East and Latin America, the
women spent 19 minutes playing digital games per percentage of trips by car is expected to increase
day, the second most time after 2016. ④ The gap by 1.7 percentage points and 1.9 percentage points,
between men’s and women’s daily digital game respectively, from 2015 to 2050. ④ The percentage
playing time was the smallest in 2016 and the of trips by car in Asia is projected to climb to more
largest in 2020. ⑤ Men spent more than twice as than 40 percent in 2050, 12.0 percentage points
much time playing digital games per day as women up from just 28.3 percent in 2015. ⑤ In 2015, the
over the given period with the exception of 2016. percentage of trips taken by car in Africa was less
than half that of Latin America, but the percentage
in Africa is expected to be more than that of Latin
America in 2050.
책1.indb 26 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:32

03 22053-0024 04 22053-0025
다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
How much do you trust in your health service provider Percentage of Korean Students Who Read or Used
How much do you trust in your health service providers
to keep your data safe? Traditional/OnlineofMedia
Percentage KoreanMore
Students
Than Who
OnceRead or Used(2018)
per Month
in keeping your data safe? Traditional/Online Media, in 2018
Not at all Not very much Some Very much
Comic books 46.1
3 10 52 36
Medical professionals 2017 Fiction 46.4
(e.g., my doctor(s) or 4 7 36 53 Traditional
2019 Media (%) Magazines 11.5
other healthcare
providers) (%) 2020 6 11 34 49
Newspapers 21.8
17 83
Do not trust Trust
Nonfiction 23.6
10 33 43 14
Tech companies 2017 E-mail 43.5
(e.g., for 22 29 36 12
wearables or 2019 Messaging services 93.8
25 30 32 13 Online
health apps
I use) (%) 2020 Media (%) Online news 80.4
55 45
Do not trust Trust
Online discussions or forums 23.7
N※Percentages may add up to less than or exceed 100 due to rounding.
Websites containing 84.0
practical information
The graph above shows how the degree to which
healthcare consumers trust in their health service The graph above shows the percentage of Korean
providers to keep their information secure changed students who read or used traditional/online
between 2017 and 2020 in the U.S. ① Over the media more than once per month in 2018. ① The
three years covered by the graph, more than 80% two most popular traditional media types among
of healthcare consumers trusted in their medical Korean students were comic books and fiction,
professionals. ② The percentage of consumers who but the percentages of students who read them did
said they trusted in their medical professionals in not exceed 50% in either case. ② As for the other
2019 differed by only 1 percentage point from that traditional media types, more Korean students
in 2017. ③ In 2020, the percentage of consumers read nonfiction than newspapers or magazines.
who did not trust in their medical professionals ③ For online media, the percentage of students
was bigger than that in 2019, but the percentage who used messaging services was 93.8%, which
of consumers who responded to the trust in their was more than twice that of students who used
medical professionals “very much” was more e-mail. ④ Online news was read or used by more
than double that in 2017. ④ Unlike the percentage Korean students than websites containing practical
of the trust in medical professionals, that in tech information. ⑤ In the case of online media, the
companies did not exceed 50 percent in 2019 and smallest percentage of Korean students said they
2020, respectively. ⑤ Moreover, it is worth noting read or used online discussions or forums more
that the percentage of consumers who said they did than once per month.
not trust in tech companies at all more than doubled
from 2017 to 2020.
책1.indb 27 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:32

Chapter
06 세부 내용 파악
유형 소개
■ 인물,
‌
동식물, 사물 등에 해당되는 소재를 사실적으로 설명한 글을 제시한 후, 세부 내용을 묻는 유형이다.
■ 글의 내용을 세부적으로 이해하여 주어진 선택지가 글의 내용과 일치하는지, 또는 일치하지 않는지를 판단해야 한다.
‌
Judith Sargent Murray에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 22053-0026
Judith Sargent Murray, one of the best-known eighteenth-century female essayists and letter
writers, was born on May 1, 1751, the oldest of eight children of the wealthy merchant family
of Winthrop Sargent and Judith Saunders Sargent. Murray is remembered as a pioneer in the
movement for women’s education and as an advocate of equal opportunity for women. She
was exceptionally well educated for a young woman of her day; her father insisted that she
be tutored in the classics along with her brother Winthrop as he was being prepared to enter
Harvard University. Judith began to write poetry as a teenager. She married merchant mariner
John Stevens in October of 1769. During her marriage to Stevens, Murray became involved in
the liberal religious currents of the day. She and Stevens converted from Congregationalism
to Universalism. John Stevens died in 1786, and two years later, she married John Murray, a
Universalist minister.
✽Congregationalism: 조합 교회주의 ✽✽Universalism: 보편 구제설
① 부유한 상인 가정의 여덟 자녀 중 맏이로 태어났다.

‌‌
② 여성 교육 운동의 선구자로 기억되는 인물이다.
‌
③ 남동생과 함께 가정 교습을 받는 것을 아버지가 반대했다.
‌
④ 1769년에 해상 무역상인 John Stevens와 결혼했다.
‌
⑤ John Stevens가 사망하고 2년 후 John Murray와 재혼했다.
‌
 merchant 상인  advocate 주창자, 옹호자

 exceptionally 이례적으로, 특별히  tutor 가정 교습을 하다, 개인 교습을 하다
 classics 서양고전학  merchant mariner 해상 무역상
 liberal 자유주의의, 진보적인  convert 개종하다, 전향하다
 minister 목사, 성직자
책1.indb 28 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:32

www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 글의 소재를 파악하고, 선택지의 정보를 통해 글을 읽을 때 중점을 두어야 할 부분을 예측한다.

소재: Judith Sargent Murray
① → 가정 환경과 가족 관계
② → 업적과 공로
③ → 교육 기회
④ → 결혼과 사회 활동
⑤ → 남편의 사망 및 재혼 여부

Step 2 글의 내용과 선택지의 정보를 상세하게 비교하여 일치 여부를 판단한다.
① the oldest of eight children of the wealthy merchant family (부유한 상인 가정의 여덟 자녀 중 맏이로
‌
태어났다.  일치)
② is remembered as a pioneer in the movement for women’s education (여성 교육 운동의 선구자로 기억
‌
되는 인물이다.  일치)
③ her father insisted that she be tutored in the classics along with her brother Winthrop (남동생과 함
‌
께 가정 교습을 받는 것을 아버지가 반대했다.  불일치)
④ She married merchant mariner John Stevens in October of 1769. (1769년에 해상 무역상인 John
‌
Stevens와 결혼했다.  일치)
⑤ John Stevens died in 1786, and two years later, she married John Murray, a Universalist minister.
‌
(John Stevens가 사망하고 2년 후 John Murray와 재혼했다.  일치)

Step 3 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 선택지의 내용을 확인한다.
Judith Sargent Murray의 남동생이 하버드 대학교에 입학할 준비를 하고 있을 때 아버지가 Judith Sargent
Murray에게 남동생과 함께 서양고전학 가정 교습을 받을 것을 고집했다고 언급되어 있으므로, 글의 내용과 일치
하지 않는 것은 ③이다.

Vocabulary Review

1. The sold everything he had to buy the jewels. 1. merchant | 그 상인은 그 보석들을
사기 위해 자신이 가진 모든 것을 팔
(a person who buys and sells goods especially in large amounts)
았다.
2. advocate | 그는 공교육의 열렬한 주
2. He is a passionate of public education. 창자이다.
3. tutor | 그 노인은 그녀에게 현악기를
(a person who publicly supports someone or something)
개인 교수하고 있었다.
3. The old man was ing her in the stringed instruments.

(to teach or guide usually individually in a special subject or for a
particular purpose)
책1.indb 29 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:33

01 22053-0027 02 22053-0028
spotted eagle ray에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? Marcus Vitruvius에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Spotted eagle rays are magnificent fish that can Marcus Vitruvius was a Roman architect and a
be found among coral reefs and shallow tropical military engineer under Julius Caesar. He is most
waters all over the planet. They are not round in famous as the author of De architectura, which
shape but extremely angular with a body shaped consisted of 10 books on architecture. Vitruvius
more like a diamond. Their width may be twice was an admirer of Greek architecture and wished
as wide as their length, and their tail can be very to preserve the classical tradition in the design
long if undamaged. They school in large groups of temples and public buildings. He saw that the
to cross open water, ‘flying’ through the water success of architecture was based on the deep
and sometimes leaping completely into the air to understanding of different sciences, arts, and nature.
escape pursuit. It is not considered a good food In De architectura, he included some practical
fish, and when caught, makes loud sounds and suggestions for finding groundwater. One of these
should be treated with extreme caution because examples required a person to lie on his stomach
of its poisonous tail spines. The white spots and before sunrise, placing his chin on the ground to
rings covering the upper surface help to identify look for rising vapors. Vitruvius also provided a
this species. The spot and ring patterns seem to be table of soil types, which included the amount and
different for each animal. Photographic analysis taste of groundwater that one could expect from
has shown that these patterns can be used much each soil type. In his final years, he was granted a
like fingerprints to identify different individuals. pension by the Roman emperor Augustus, to whom
✽ray: 가오리 ✽✽spine: (경골어류의) 지느러미 가시 De architectura was dedicated.
① 몸의 형태가 다이아몬드 모양에 가깝게 각이 져 있다. ① 로마 시대 건축가이자 군 공학자였다.

‌‌
② 몸의 길이가 너비의 두 배가 될 수도 있다. ② 10권으로 이루어진 De architectura의 저자로 유명하다.
‌
③ 추격을 피해 공중으로 뛰어오르기도 한다. ③ 공공건물 설계에 있어 고전적인 전통을 따르길 거부했다.
‌
④ 독이 있는 꼬리지느러미 가시 때문에 매우 주의해야 한다. ④ 지하수의 양과 맛을 포함하는 토양 유형 표를 제공했다.
‌
⑤ 반점과 고리의 패턴은 개체마다 달라 보인다. ⑤ 말년에 로마 황제 Augustus로부터 연금을 받았다.
‌
책1.indb 30 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:33

03 22053-0029 04 22053-0030
William Caxton에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? La Digue에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
William Caxton was born in Kent, though La Digue, with its dramatic, sculptured granite
probably not at Strood, which has been suggested as rocks and very beautiful beaches, is a laid-back,
his birthplace. After his apprenticeship as a mercer, inviting island in the sun. It lies 50 km northeast
Caxton moved to Bruges, the foremost center for of Mahé, 4 km east of Praslin and is the fourth
trade between the English and the Flemish, and largest of the granitic islands in Seychelles. The
built up a textile business there. Eventually he 10 km 2 island is almost completely encircled
was appointed Governor of the English Nation at by coral reef and has no natural harbour. A jetty
Bruges. As part of his official functions he took has been built at La Passe on the west coast and,
part in foreign trade negotiations for the English recently, a breakwater has been constructed to
government. In 1471, presumably after resigning provide more shelter, particularly during the
his office, Caxton went to Cologne. In the course northwest monsoons. The island is about 6 km
of a stay of some eighteen months in Cologne, long, a little over 3 km wide, and rises up to 333 m
he learned the technique of printing, possibly at Nid d’Aigles, ‘Eagles Nest’, the highest peak.
participating in the production of an edition of Marion Dufresne, in his ship La Digue, made the
Bartholomaeus Anglicus’s De proprietatibus rerum. first recorded discovery of this picturesque island
After returning to Bruges, Caxton established a in 1768, and the French took formal possession
press and produced the first printed English book, of it in 1771. Amid the green vegetation, streams
The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, his own and swamps, the worst thing the early settlers had
translation from the French, begun in 1469 and to contend with was the crocodiles, and they were
encouraged by Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. soon wiped out along with the tortoises.
✽apprenticeship: 도제 생활 ✽✽mercer: 포목상 ✽granite: 화강암 ✽✽jetty: 부두
① Bruges로 이사해, 그곳에 섬유 사업체를 세웠다. ① 아름다운 해변이 있는 매력적인 섬이다.

‌‌
② 영국 정부를 위해 대외 무역 협상에 참여했다. ② 크기가 10 km2이며 자연항이 없다.
‌
③ 1471년에 Cologne으로 떠났다. ③ 가장 높은 봉우리는 333미터까지 솟아 있다.
‌
‌
④ Cologne에서 약 18개월 동안 체류하며 인쇄 기술을 배웠다. ④ 프랑스인들이 1771년에 이 섬의 소유권을 포기했다.
‌
‌
⑤ Cologne에서 출판사를 설립한 뒤 Bruges로 돌아왔다. ⑤ 초기 정착민들이 싸워야 했던 최악의 것은 악어였다.
‌
‌
책1.indb 31 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:33

Chapter
07 실용문
유형 소개
■ 다양한
‌
소재의 실용문을 읽고 제시된 정보를 정확하게 이해하는 능력을 측정하는 유형이다.
■ 보통 지문 내용과 선택지의 일치 또는 불일치 여부를 묻는 문항이 각각 한 문항씩 출제된다.
‌
2022 Glendale Vegan Festival에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 22053-0031
2022 Glendale Vegan Festival

To support your health, the environment, and animal welfare, try an all plant-based diet.
We invite you to our annual vegan celebration. You’ll fall in love with vegetables you’ve
never met before!
• When: Saturday, October 15 (10 a.m. – 6 p.m.)
(If it rains, the alternative date is October 22.)
• Where: Glendale Center Square
• Fees: Free Entry / $5 Parking
• Programs
– Meat-free food sampling
– Cooking demonstrations by noted chefs
– Lectures on health and nutrition
– Vibrant and colorful costume parade
• Bring your children. We lend vegetable or fruit costumes to them.
For more information, visit www.glendalevegan.org.
안내문 프레임-01 안내문 프레임-01

안내문 프레임-01
① 해마다 열리는 안내문
행사이다. 프레임-01 안내문 프레임-01
안내문 프레임-01
‌
② 우천 시 10월 22일로 연기된다.
‌
③ 입장료를 내면 주차가 무료이다.
‌
④ 유명 요리사의 요리 시연 프로그램이 있다.
‌
⑤ 어린이에게 채소 의상이나 과일 의상을 대여해 준다.
‌
 welfare 복지  celebration 축전, 축하

 alternative 대체의, 대신의  sampling 시식[시음](회)
 demonstration 시연, 시범 설명  noted 유명한, 잘 알려져 있는
 vibrant 활기 넘치는, 강렬한  costume 의상, 복장
책1.indb 32 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:33

www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 실용문의 소재를 파악한다.

2022 Glendale 채식주의자 축제에 관한 안내문으로, 일시, 장소, 이용료, 프로그램, 의상 대여에 대한 정보가 제
시되어 있다.

Step 2 글의 내용과 선택지의 정보를 꼼꼼히 비교하여 일치 여부를 판단한다.
① We invite you to our annual vegan celebration.
(저희의 연례 채식주의자 축전에 여러분을 초대합니다.  일치)
② If it rains, the alternative date is October 22.
(비가 온다면 대체 날짜는 10월 22일입니다.  일치)
③ Fees: Free Entry / $5 Parking
(이용료: 무료입장 / 주차료 5달러  불일치)
④ Cooking demonstrations by noted chefs
(유명 요리사의 요리 시연  일치)
⑤ Bring your children. We lend vegetable or fruit costumes to them.
(여러분의 아이들을 데려오세요. 저희는 채소 의상이나 과일 의상을 그들에게 빌려줍니다.  일치)

Step 3 지문에 제시된 정보를 꼼꼼히 읽으면서 선택지와의 일치·불일치 여부를 파악한다.
이용료 중 입장은 무료이지만 주차는 5달러이므로, 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은 ③이다.

Vocabulary Review

1. The state is still the main provider of . 1. welfare | 국가는 여전히 복지의 주된
제공자이다.
(services or money that are provided to help with people’s living
2. alternative | 수영 강좌는 빈자리가
conditions and financial problems) 없으니, 대체 선택 사항은 요가와 복싱
강좌이다.
3. demonstration | 우리는 그 컴퓨터
2. As the swimming course has no vacancy, options are
의 기능에 대해 간단한 시연을 받았다.
yoga and boxing courses.
(different from something else and able to be used instead of it)
3. We were given a brief of the computer’s functions.

(an act of showing or explaining how something works or is done)
책1.indb 33 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:33

01 22053-0032 02 22053-0033
South Bellmore Literary Cake Decorating Contest에 관한 Yoyo Child’s Sewing Machine에 관한 다음 사용 설명서의 내
다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 용과 일치하는 것은?
South Bellmore Literary Cake Yoyo Child’s Sewing Machine

Decorating Contest – A Yoyo child’s sewing machine is the perfect
‌
Faculty, staff, students, and families are starting point for any child age 6 and up who
welcome to participate in our first “book-themed” is interested in learning to sew.
cake decorating contest. All you need to do is – The machine sews slower than regular machines,
‌
bake a cake and decorate it to represent a scene decreasing the chance of accidents.
from a favorite children’s book. How to Sew with the Machine
Date & Place 1. Turn on the machine (this machine is battery
‌
– Friday, November 11
‌ powered).
– South Bellmore School Library Main Hall (1st
‌ 2. Lift the presser foot lever. It is located just
‌
floor) behind the needle and holds the fabric on the

How to Participate machine.
– Register on the library website (www.SBSL.
‌ 3. Place the fabric under the needle and presser
‌
edu) by October 31. foot lever.

– Bring your cake to the library by 9:00 a.m. on
‌ 4. Turn the handwheel on the right side of the
‌
the day of the contest. machine in a counter-clockwise motion.

Rules 5. Press the foot pedal gently with your foot to
‌
– Participants may enter only one cake.

‌ begin sewing.
– Commercially decorated cakes are not
‌ Warning
allowed! – Kids will still need supervision with operating
‌
– Anyone coming through the library will judge

‌ the machine.
the cakes by putting a token in the container – Do not attempt to sew with thick fabric; light
‌
of the cake throughout the day. (Ties will be and medium-weight fabrics work best for the
broken by taste test by the official judges.) machine.
– The winners will be announced on the library
‌ For more information
website. – Visit our website (www.yoyofriendtoy.com)
‌
or call 012–3422–4453.
① 참가자는 어린이 책의 한 장면을 묘사하여 케이크를 장식한다.

‌
✽presser foot lever: (재봉틀의) 노루발

② 참가 등록은 11월 11일까지 가능하다.
③ 행사 당일 오전 9시까지 케이크를 가지고 와야 한다.
‌
① 일반 재봉틀과 동일한 속도로 작동한다.
‌
④ 참가자는 하나의 케이크로만 참여할 수 있다.

‌
② 콘센트에 연결하여 전원을 공급한다.
‌
⑤ 동점일 경우 공식 심사위원의 맛 평가로 우열이 가려진다. ③ 천을 고정하는 노루발이 바늘 바로 앞에 있다.

‌
④ 풋 페달을 밟으면 바느질이 멈춘다.

‌
⑤ 두꺼운 천의 바느질을 피해야 한다.

‌
책1.indb 34 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:33

03 22053-0034 04 22053-0035
Oak Town Resident Meeting에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일 ABC Doors Warranty에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지
치하는 것은? 않는 것은?
Oak Town Resident Meeting ABC Doors Warranty

Saturday, November 26, 2022 ABC Doors Inc. (“seller”) warrants the original
Oak Town Community Center commercial purchaser (“buyer”) a product that
Sign-in: 8:30 a.m. is free of defects in material and workmanship
Meeting: 9:00 a.m. for the time period set forth below.
ABC Doors Warranty includes:
Coffee and light refreshments will be provided. • Mechanical components for the period of
‌
No childcare will be available. three years from the date of installation.

• Electrical components for the period of two
‌
We will be electing 3 new resident board years from the date of installation.
members. The profiles of nominated candidates • Labor is limited to one year from the date of
‌
can be found on our community website. installation.

• All wear and tear items are excluded from the
‌
We will need at least 90 votes for the election limited warranty.

to be valid. If you are unable to attend, please
Claims: Claims under this limited warranty
give signed authorization to someone you
shall be made within 10 days of the discovery
trust to vote on your behalf. You can download
of a defect.
the authorization form from our community
website. Tr a n s f e r a b i l i t y : T h i s w a r r a n t y i s n o t
transferable from the original buyer.
For additional information, please refer to our Not warranted: Seller does not warrant against;
community website, www.oaktown.com. (i) misuse of the product, (ii) failure to provide
preventive maintenance, (iii) natural disasters
① 회의 시작 1시간 전부터 등록이 시작된다.
‌
(including flood, fire, and earthquake) or civil
② 커피와 다과를 제공하지 않는다.
‌
disorder.
③ 회의가 진행되는 동안 아이 돌봄 서비스를 제공한다.
‌
④ 주민회 위원 3명을 투표로 새로 뽑는다.

‌
① 기계 부품은 설치일로부터 3년간 보증한다.

‌
⑤ 직접 투표만 인정되며, 대리 투표가 불가하다.

‌
② 전기 부품은 설치일로부터 2년간 보증한다.

③ 보증 기간 중 보상 청구는 결함이 발견된 날로부터 10일 이
‌
내에 해야 한다.
④ 제품의 소유주가 바뀌면 보증서는 바뀐 소유주에게 양도된다.
‌
⑤ 홍수, 화재, 지진 등의 자연재해로 인한 파손은 보증하지 않

‌
는다.
책1.indb 35 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:34

Chapter
08 어법
유형 소개
■ 밑줄
‌
친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 찾는 유형과 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법상 맞는 표현을 선택하는 유형이 있다.
■ 문맥과 문장 구조에 비추어 어법상의 적절성을 판단하는 것이 문제 해결에 필수적이다.
‌
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 22053-0036
We are well aware that food contains energy. Yet how is the energy stored and how does it get
released into our bodies? ① Even more perplexing, how on earth is this linked to the energy in
steam locomotives and electricity supplies? Unrelated though these questions may sound, the
answers reveal a surprising unity. Ultimately the energy expressed in each of these contexts has
② its origin in a similar place: the arrangement of atoms within molecules. Foods, plants, coal,
oil — all these substances are composed of molecules made up of atoms. These molecules have
been formed in chemical reactions during which the atoms of the combining molecules ③ were
rearranged and locked together — rather as the character in a jack-in-the-box is pushed into the
box and the lid latched. In other words, energy gets stored up when things are pushed together
against a resistance and then firmly locked together. The energy in food and fuels is associated
with the way ④ which atoms hold together within molecules. This is similar to how the energy
of a jack-in-the-box is associated with the compressed spring ⑤ kept in place by the latched lid.
✽perplexing: 이해하기 어려운 ✽✽locomotive: 기관차 ✽✽✽latch: 걸쇠로 잠그다
 aware 알고 있는  contain ~이 들어[함유되어] 있다

 release 방출하다  linked 연관된
 unrelated 무관한, 관계없는  unity 일관성, 통일성
 arrangement 배열, 배치  atom 원자
 molecule 분자  substance 물질
 be composed of ~로 구성되다  chemical 화학의, 화학상의
 reaction 반응  combine 결합하다, 합체하다
 jack-in-the-box 깜짝 장난감 상자(뚜껑을 열면 용수철에  lid 뚜껑
달린 인형 등이 튀어나오게 되어 있음)  fuel 연료
 associated 관련된  compressed 압축된
 in place 제자리에 있는
책1.indb 36 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:34

www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 글의 중심 내용을 파악하면서 읽는다.

음식이나 연료에 함유된 에너지는 화학 반응을 통해 결합하는 분자를 이루는 원자의 배열이 바뀌고 고정되는 것과
관련이 있다.

Step 2 문장 구조에 비추어 밑줄 친 부분이 문장에서 하는 역할을 파악한다.
① 비교급을 강조하는 부사
② 대명사의 소유격
③ 술어동사
④ 관계사
⑤ 명사구를 수식하는 분사구

Step 3 문맥과 문장 구조에 비추어 어법상 틀린 것을 판단한다.
① 비교급 more perplexing을 강조하는 부사 Even은 어법상 적절하다.
② 문맥상 its는 the energy를 가리키므로, 단수형의 소유격 its는 어법상 적절하다.
③ 원자가 재배열되고 함께 고정되는 화학 반응을 기술하는 관계절의 내용은 현재의 분자 구조가 만들어지기 위해
‌
거쳤던 이전 과정이므로 과거시제를 나타내는 were는 어법상 적절하다.
④ the way를 수식하는 관계절에서 which 다음에 이어지는 절이 주어와 자동사(목적어가 필요 없음)로 이루어진
‌
완전한 구조이므로 관계부사나 「전치사+관계대명사」가 올 수 있는데, 관계부사 how는 선행사 the way와 함께
사용되지 않으므로 「전치사+관계대명사」 구조인 in which가 와야 한다.
→ 따라서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은 ④이다.
⑤ 분사구의 수식을 받는 명사구(the compressed spring)가 keep의 대상으로 해석되므로, 수동의 의미를 나타
‌
내는 과거분사 kept는 어법상 적절하다.

Vocabulary Review

1. Try to avoid foods which a lot of fat. 1. contain | 지방이 많이 함유된 음식은
피하려고 노력하라.
(to have something inside or include something as a part)
2. unrelated | 그의 최근 여행은 그의
일과 관련이 없다.
2. His recent travel is to his job. 3. arrangement | 원한다면 가구 배치
를 바꿀 수 있다.
(having no connection)
3. You can change the of the furniture if you want.

(something made by putting things together and organizing them)
책1.indb 37 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:34

01 22053-0037 02 22053-0038
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

것은?
Despite our fingers ① being at the ends of our
Understanding why you do something and how hands, few scientists have thought much about their
it fits into the big picture of (A) what / which design and why we have soft finger pads. Physics
you are trying to accomplish makes it seem more textbooks tell us that harder, rougher surfaces
worthwhile. You won’t want to quit an endeavor should provide the best grip because the projections
if you think that it is getting you somewhere. You interlock with ② those on the substrate. However,
don’t even have to see instant gratification and this is plainly untrue if the substrate you are trying
goal completion to know that you are on the right to grip is smooth; think how ③ easily hobnailed
track. Assigning value and remembering how boots slip across smooth rocks. Counterintuitively,
each thing you do (B) tie / ties into your main the key to getting a better grip on a smooth surface
goal is very important because it helps you feel is not ④ used a hard material such as a claw, but
that you are doing well just by working. There a soft one, such as skin. This increases friction
is a point to everything you do, so every action because a soft material deforms to the shape of
you take is valuable. An example of this concept ⑤ the other surface, so a large area is in contact,
at work would be when you feel that the classes maximizing the interatomic forces between the two
you are taking for your degree are pointless. surfaces. The softer the material, the more it can
( C ) Remember / Remembering t h a t t h e y a r e deform and the larger the contact area.
not pointless, because they are leading to your ✽substrate: 접착면 ✽✽hobnailed: 징을 박은 ✽✽✽deform: 변형되다
graduation, which in turn will lead to your dream

job in the field of your interest.
✽gratification: 만족감
(A) (B) (C)

① what …… tie …… Remember
② what …… ties …… Remember
③ what …… ties …… Remembering
④ which …… tie …… Remembering
⑤ which …… ties …… Remembering
책1.indb 38 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:34

03 22053-0039 04 22053-0040
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

것은?
Some crises are not acted upon because the
Horizontal spread, in the form of independent stakeholders involved cannot attract attention to
homes on stretches of land, at low densities, means their difficult situation. They fail to frame the
high costs for development. It also means higher issue of their concern in ① such terms that others
energy consumption for transportation and the understand and share the nature of the threat, sense
distribution of electricity and water. (A) It / What the urgency, and act accordingly. In October 2003,
is in this context that patterns of group housing the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
have validity as a system for housing provision. warned ② that abnormal rains had created ideal
Such patterns (B) make / are made possible a more breeding grounds for locusts in the Atlas mountain
intensive utilization of land by building dwelling ridge of Northern Africa. Nothing happened and
units as joined structures, both horizontally and the crisis unfolded as ③ predicted. In the summer
vertically, which share land and common services of 2004, the locust swarms invaded the African
and amenities. By far the most significant reason north-west, destroying the livelihood of small
to expect a growing acceptance of group housing farmers. ④ Though clearly communicated and
is the increasing difficulty for low-to-middle-class accurate warnings, a preventable crisis was allowed
people (C) build / to build homes individually. to wreak havoc in the region. Similarly, it wasn’t
This is true for concentrations of better job-seeking until the December 2004 tsunami had triggered the
ambitious groups in an urban area. That is an greatest natural disaster in recorded history that
important determinant which is given special policy makers in the Indian Ocean region decided
consideration but affected by urban situations, to set up an early-warning system similar to the
marginalized income levels, and expenditure one already operating in the Pacific, ⑤ which
patterns of these groups. presumably would have saved many thousands of
✽amenity: 생활 편의 시설
lives.
✽stakeholder: 이해 당사자 ✽✽locust: 메뚜기
(A) (B) (C) ✽✽✽wreak havoc: 막대한 손해를 끼치다

① It …… make …… build
② It …… are made …… build
③ It …… make …… to build
④ What …… are made …… to build
‌
⑤ What …… make …… to build
‌
책1.indb 39 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:34

Chapter
09 어휘
유형 소개
■ 문맥상
‌
적절한 낱말을 파악하는 유형으로, 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것을 고르는 유형과 세 개의 네모 안에
각각 두 개씩 주어진 낱말 중에서 문맥에 맞는 것을 고르는 유형이 있다.
■ 밑줄이나 네모 안에 제시된 낱말의 의미가 글의 전체 흐름 속에서 자연스러운지 파악하는 것이 중요하다.
‌
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 22053-0041
While hunting is an important activity in hunter-gatherer subsistence, successful hunters, who

may naturally be pleased with themselves, are expected to show humility and gentleness. To the
Ju/wasi, for example, announcing a kill is a sign of arrogance and is strongly ① discouraged.
Many good hunters also do no hunting at all for weeks or months at a time. After a run
of successful hunts a hunter will ② stop hunting in order to give other men the chance to
reciprocate. A hunter’s success might be ③ appreciated up to a point, but too much success
might draw the envy and bitterness of others. One of the contradictions in the communal life of
hunter-gatherers is the pressure on the one hand to prove oneself by hunting and to be generous,
and the counterpressure on the other against being too ④ unsuccessful. To solve this problem,
bursts of active hunting are ⑤ alternated by periods of inactivity “to cool their hearts and make
them gentle.”
✽subsistence: 생계 ✽✽reciprocate: (비슷한 행동으로) 호응하다, 대응하다
 humility 겸손  gentleness 관대함, 온화함

 arrogance 오만함  discourage 만류하다, 말리다
 appreciate 높이 평가하다  envy 질투
 contradiction 모순, 반대되는 말  communal 공동의
 counterpressure 반대 압력, 역압  burst 한바탕(~을 하는 것)
 alternate 번갈아 나오게 하다, 번갈아 하다
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Step 1 글의 도입부에서 중심 소재와 글의 주제를 파악한다.

중심 소재: 수렵 채집 사회 사냥꾼의 겸손과 관대함
주제: 사냥에서 거둔 성공에 대한 겸손과 관대함의 강조

Step 2 밑줄 친 낱말이 들어 있는 문장 앞뒤에서 단서를 찾아 의미의 적절성을 파악한다.
① discouraged: 성공을 거둔 사냥꾼은 겸손과 관대함을 보여야 한다는 맥락이므로 오만함은 만류되어야 한다.
‌
그러므로 discouraged는 적절하다.
② stop: 다른 사람에게도 사냥에 성공할 기회를 주려 한다는 맥락일 것이므로, ‘멈추다’라는 의미인 stop은 적절
‌
하다.
③ appreciated: 사냥꾼의 성공은 당연히 기쁨과 자랑스러움을 느끼게 하는 것이지만 너무 큰 성공을 거두면 역효
‌
과가 날 수 있다는 맥락이므로, ‘높이 평가되는’의 뜻인 appreciated는 적절하다.
④ unsuccessful: 수렵 채집인의 공동생활에서 사냥을 잘하고 사냥에 성공하여 얻은 고기를 관대하게 나누라는
‌
압력이 있을 것이고, 한편으로는 너무 큰 성공을 거두어 질투심을 유발하지 말라는 압력이 있을 것이므로, ‘성공
하지 못하는’이라는 의미의 unsuccessful은 적절하지 않다.
⑤ alternated: 사냥에 성공한 다음에는 잠시 사냥을 멈추고 다른 사람에게도 사냥할 기회를 준다는 맥락이다. 활
‌
동적인 사냥은 비활동의 시기로 이어질 것이므로, ‘번갈아 나오게 된다’라는 의미를 가진 alternated는 적절
하다.

Step 3 문맥상 적절하지 않은 낱말에 대해 그것을 대체할 수 있는 낱말이 무엇인지 생각해 본다.
수렵 채집인의 공동생활에는 한편으로 사냥을 통해 자신을 입증하고 관대하라는 압력과 다른 한편으로 너무 크게
사냥에 성공하는 것을 막는 반대 압력이 있는 모순이 있다는 내용이 전개되어야 전체적인 글의 흐름과 일치하므로,
④의 unsuccessful을 ‘성공하는’이라는 의미의 successful과 같은 낱말로 바꿔야 한다.

Vocabulary Review

1. The of the great singer made her more attractive. 1. humility | 그 위대한 가수의 겸손은
그녀를 더 매력적으로 만들었다.
(the quality or state of being humble)
2. contradiction | 모순은 망치가 무겁
게 만들어져야 하지만, 그것을 더 쉽게
2. The is that the hammer should be made heavy, but to 다룰 수 있게 하려면 가볍게 만들어져야
한다는 것이다.
improve its handling it should be made light.
3. alternate | 물자가 충분하지 않으므
(a situation in which inherent factors are contrary to one another) 로 우리는 번갈아 가면서 해야 한다.
3. There aren’t enough supplies, so we have to .

(to take turns)
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다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한
것은? 것은?
Whenever there is an area of the brain with L e t ’s b e c l e a r a b o u t o n e t h i n g : i t ’s

underactivation, there is usually overactivation in (A) convenient / inconvenient to keep north
other regions. The term for this is compensation. consistently at the top of a map: you don’t have
For example, when a ① blind individual does to check the compass symbol printed on the map
something that should involve sight, there is every time. But north doesn’t have to be given
underactivation in regions of the brain involved in pride of place. In some earlier centuries east got
vision and overactivation in the areas governing the top billing, and our continuing use of terms like
other senses. This same process of compensation “let’s get oriented” (B) reflects / violates that
is present with the ② poor reader: the reduction in practice. (“Orient” refers to east; get east right
the parietal and occipital lobes (two regions which and everything else falls into place.) One of
play a significant role in the reading process) is Mercator’s own maps — of the British Isles — has
accompanied by increased activation in the left west uppermost. South has often been set at the
prefrontal area. Compensation related to reading top; that practice is sometimes still followed by
can be harmful because it ③ maintains the natural organizations that cater to motorists, including the
reading progression that has evolved since the American and Canadian Automobile Associations.
beginning of reading. ④ Established pathways are So even for drivers heading to Florida, south may
usually the most efficient in accomplishing a task. be “on top.” Some software allows you to print
Consider someone who suffers a stroke and loses strip maps either “up” or “down” — whatever
specific physical movements. If the regions of “feels” right, based on the direction you are going
the brain responsible for those actions cannot be in. All of this points to a fundamental fact: what
repaired, the brain will seek alternative pathways goes “up” owes (C) more / less to convention and
to restore the physical motion. However, even if personal convenience than to any requirements of
restored, it is ⑤ unlikely that the process will be cartographic science.
as efficient as the procedure that has evolved over ✽billing: 자리, 위치 ✽✽strip map: 주요 도로 지도
✽✽✽cartographic: 지도 제작(상)의
millions of years of brain evolution.
✽parietal lobe: 두정엽 ✽✽occipital lobe: 후두엽
✽✽✽prefrontal: 전전두엽의 (A) (B) (C)

① convenient …… reflects …… more
② convenient …… violates …… less
③ convenient …… reflects …… less
④ inconvenient …… violates …… less
⑤ inconvenient …… reflects …… more
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다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한
것은? 것은?
Individuals’ beliefs about themselves are not People obviously prefer to enter into relationships
set in concrete — but neither are they easily a n d a l l i a n c e s w i t h p e o p l e w h o b e h ave i n
changed. People are strongly ① motivated to cooperative, reciprocating, and mutually beneficial
maintain a consistent view of the self across ways and to avoid relationships with those who
time and situations. Thus, once the self-concept exploit or disadvantage them. Thus, people are
is established, the individual has a tendency to highly (A) sensitive / insensitive to the degree
preserve and defend it. In the context of this to which others violate basic norms regarding
② instability, however, self-beliefs do have a certain social exchange and exclude those who do so. For
dynamic quality. For example, when coupled example, we tend to avoid, if not reject, people who
with ③ educational strategies, “academic possible (B) violate / follow norms of reciprocity, fairness,
selves” led to positive changes in planning, test in-group loyalty, sharing, and trustworthiness.
scores, grades, and attendance in a sample of Such actions on the part of other people harm one’s
low-income minority youth. Individuals with fitness greatly and would have presumably done so
academic or career-oriented possible selves are throughout evolutionary history. As a result, people
also ④ more persistent when it comes to scholastic may possess adaptations that help them to monitor
achievement than those with different self-goals. and respond to others’ unfair, selfish, dishonest, and
Self-concepts seem to be most susceptible to otherwise disadvantageous actions. The fact that no
change when people shift from an important and otherwise normal adult is (C) indifferent / opposed
familiar social setting to an unfamiliar one, such to being taken advantage of, betrayed, or treated
as when they go off to college or to a new city unfairly or selfishly suggests that such concerns are
for their first “real” job. ⑤ Uncertainty can be a part of human nature.
motivating, leading to productive behavior if people ✽reciprocate: 주고받다, 보답하다
believe they have the skills necessary to tackle

(A) (B) (C)
desired goals.

✽susceptible: 민감한
① sensitive …… follow …… indifferent
② sensitive …… violate …… indifferent
③ sensitive …… violate …… opposed
④ insensitive …… follow …… opposed
⑤ insensitive …… violate …… opposed
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Chapter
10 빈칸 추론 (1)
유형 소개
■ 필자가
‌
말하고자 하는 핵심 내용이나 그와 관련된 내용을 나타내는 압축된 단어 또는 짧은 어구가 빈칸으로 제시되는 유형이다.
■ 글의 주제 및 중심 생각을 정확히 파악하여 빈칸에 들어갈 말과 연결시켜야 한다.
‌
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0046
A threat to existence can make some genetic mutations in the long term. This
can be true even for simple animal or plant life. Imagine, for example, that a huge population
of algae has been living for many generations in a freshwater pool. Then some natural disaster
happens that turns the fresh water salty. The vast majority of algae die out because their genes
had evolved to keep them alive in fresh water. But a few lucky algae had randomly inherited
mutant DNA that allowed them to adapt to a new life in salty water. The surviving algae then
produce offspring that are better suited to the challenging new environment. Their numbers
grow, and over time the population stabilizes. Eventually, a new saltwater species of algae
evolves. The same challenge would confront the fish, frogs, water snakes, insects, and all other
life forms that inhabited that freshwater pool. Nature “selects” those individual organisms that
are best equipped to survive. An adaptation is any inherited characteristic that helps an organism
survive and reproduce in its environment.
✽alga: 조류(藻類) ( pl. algae)
① advantageous
‌
② cooperative
③ avoidable
‌
④ inactive
‌
⑤ scarce
‌
 genetic mutation 유전적 돌연변이  population 개체군

 freshwater 민물의  die out 멸종되다
 randomly 무작위로, 임의로  inherit (신체적 특성 등을 유전적으로) 물려받다
 mutant 돌연변이의  offspring 자손, 후예, (동물의) 새끼
 stabilize 안정되다  confront (문제나 힘든 상황이) 닥치다
 inhabit 서식하다, 살다  organism 유기체
 adaptation 적응성, 적응 과정  reproduce 번식하다
책1.indb 44 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:35

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Step 1 글 전체를 훑어 읽으면서 글의 소재와 중심 생각을 파악한다.

글의 소재: 유전적 돌연변이
글의 중심 생각: 새로운 환경에 적응하게 돕는 유전적 돌연변이는 유기체의 생존과 번식에 도움이 된다.

Step 2 빈칸에 들어갈 말을 파악하는 데 도움이 되는 단서를 찾는다.
1. 민물의 웅덩이에 여러 세대 동안 살아온 조류에게 민물을 짜게 만드는 자연재해 발생 → 대부분의 조류는 멸종
‌
하게 됨.
2. 염수에서 적응할 수 있도록 해 주는 돌연변이 DNA를 무작위로 물려받은 몇몇 조류 → 살아남아서 새로운 환경
‌
에 더 적합한 자손을 번식하고, 시간이 지나면서 개체군은 안정됨.
3. 결국 새로운 염수 조류 종이 진화하게 됨.
‌

Step 3 찾은 단서를 종합하여 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 선택지를 고른다.
민물을 짜게 만드는 자연재해가 발생한 경우, 대부분의 조류는 멸종하지만 염수에 적응할 수 있도록 해 주는 돌연
변이를 갖고 있던 몇몇 조류는 살아남아 새로운 환경에 적합한 자손을 만들게 된다는 내용이다. 따라서 빈칸에 들
어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은 ① ‘유리한’이다.
② 협력하는
③ 피할 수 있는
④ 비활성의
⑤ 드문

Vocabulary Review

1. The cat seemed alarmed when people came too close to her 1. offspring | 그 고양이는 사람들이 자
신의 새끼에게 너무 가까이 왔을 때 불
.
안해 보였다.
(the immediate descendant or descendants of a person, animal, etc.) 2. organism | 세균은 질병을 일으키는
매우 작은 살아 있는 유기체이다.
3. reproduce | 대부분의 식물은 자신의
2. A germ is a very small living that causes disease.
종자를 퍼뜨려서 번식한다.
(an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form)
3. Most plants by spreading their seeds.

(to have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant)
Chapter 10 빈칸 추론 (1) 45

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01 22053-0047 02 22053-0048
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
When we’re able to rest and be lazy, we can All design involves choice, and the choices often
learn new things about ourselves, or have fantastic have to be made to satisfy competing constraints.
insights that would never have occurred to us when Building a two-car attached garage beside a house
we were focused on work. Psychologists who study that is only a single car width from the property
creativity are often very interested in these big “aha” line presents a design problem with seemingly
moments and have put a lot of effort into studying incompatible constraints. There are solutions,
what a person can do to promote them. It turns out but all involve , which leads to
that laziness is one of the most effective steps to a less than ideal solution. One would be to build
getting there. Moments of insight and creativity the garage well behind the house, connected to it
don’t come by trying to force them — they require by a breezeway, but this would necessitate using
a period of mental . Good ideas considerable space in the backyard, where the
often come to us when we’ve stopped trying to driveway would have to be doubled in width,
come up with them, such as when we’re in the something that might be undesirable. Another
shower or on a leisurely walk. While it seems like solution would be to build a garage one car width
these ideas have come out of nowhere, the truth is wide but two car lengths deep. This two-car garage
that our minds have been quietly and unconsciously need not encroach upon the backyard at all, but
developing them during our downtime. it would necessitate moving one car whenever it
blocked the exit of the other. The designer must
① practice always make choices within constraints, hard and
‌‌
② analysis soft.
‌
③ inactivity ✽breezeway: 옥외 통로 ✽✽encroach: 침범하다
‌
④ breakdown
⑤ concentration ① confusion
‌
‌
② expansion
③ objectivity
④ disturbance
⑤ compromise
‌
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There was considerable to Some biologists have argued that the native/
the introduction of Hindu-Arabic numerals in nonnative distinction is already no longer
Europe in the Middle Ages. The ease with which practically useful, and that adherence to it fosters
arithmetic could be carried out with the new presumptions about ecological risk that lead to
number system made it attractive. As Hindu-Arabic poor management decisions, such as using scarce
numbers threatened to democratize numeracy they resources in unlikely-to-succeed attempts to try
were demonized by those who had an interest in to control or eliminate nonnative species that are
restricting numeracy and retaining it as a special not really ecologically problematic. Advocates
tool of the elite. If mathematics were opened up of this view propose that instead of evaluating
to everyone, a source of power would be lost. species on the basis of their ,
The Catholic Church wanted to keep control of ecosystem managers should focus on the actual
education by maintaining its hold on numbers, and impacts that they are having on the system, as
in addition opposed the system from the Islamic well as on whether they have traits that make
world on religious grounds. Mathematicians who them likely to diffuse rapidly through disturbed or
practiced the mysterious systems of mathematics highly dynamic ecological systems. Moreover, they
using an abacus were protected by the Church. So emphasize that the organism and group traits that
strong was the opposition to the popularization of foster rapid diffusion of a species population under
Hindu-Arabic numerals that, it is said, some poor those conditions, and therefore are indicators of a
souls were even burned at the stake as heretics for population’s likelihood of becoming ecologically
using them. problematic, are the same for native and nonnative
✽demonize: 악마화하다 ✽✽abacus: 주판 ✽✽✽heretic: 이교도, 이단자 species. Therefore, they conclude, knowing whether
a species is native or nonnative does not provide
① urgency
much, if any, pertinent information about its likely
‌‌
② mystery
future ecological impacts.
‌
③ variation ✽diffuse: 확산되다, 퍼지다 ✽✽pertinent: 관련된, 적절한
‌
④ resistance
‌
⑤ assistance ① life cycles
‌
‌
② eating habits
‌
③ place of origin
‌
④ ways of hunting
‌
⑤ physical appearance
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책1.indb 47 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:35
Chapter
11 빈칸 추론 (2)
유형 소개
■ 글의‌
논리적 흐름을 파악하여 빈칸에 들어가기에 적절한 긴 어구나 문장을 추론하는 능력을 측정하는 유형이다.
■ 글의 중심 내용과 관련된 부분이 주로 빈칸으로 제시되기 때문에, 글의 주제와 요지를 정확하게 파악하는 것이 문제 해결에 필수적이다.
‌
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0051
Many of us use a calendar to keep track of appointments, deadlines, tasks, and other things
we need to remember and make time for. Whether you’re the only one in charge of what gets
put on that calendar or there are others booking time on your behalf, isn’t it amazing how easy
it is to give an entire day to other people, only to wind up feeling like you have no time for
yourself? Occasionally, of course, losing control of your own schedule is unavoidable. But when
it becomes the norm, . When we don’t get
any time to recharge, we can begin to feel overwhelmed, stressed out, and anxious about how
and when (and whether) everything will fit into place. It can also make us physically exhausted,
which can lead to even more bad news for our mental health and impair our cognitive function
and immune system.
① you won’t have a healthy relationship with others

‌‌
② it doesn’t help reduce boredom and stress in your life
‌
③ it can take a serious toll on your health and well-being
‌
④ it will finally make your financial situation much worse
‌
⑤ you are less likely to feel motivated to achieve something
‌
 calendar 달력, 일정표  keep track of ~을 놓치지 않다[추적하다]

 deadline 마감일  in charge of ~을 담당하고 있는[맡고 있는]
 on one’s behalf ~ 대신에  wind up 결국 ~하게 되다
 unavoidable 피할 수 없는  norm 일반적인 것, 규범, 기준
 overwhelmed 압도당하는  fit into place 딱 들어맞다
 exhausted 지친, 탈진한  impair 손상시키다
 cognitive 인지의  immune 면역의
책1.indb 48 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:35

www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 글 초반부에서 글의 소재를 파악한 후, 중심 내용이 흘러가는 방향을 잘 따라간다.

글의 소재: 일정 관리를 위한 달력 사용
주요 흐름: 달력을 이용한 일정 관리 → 자신을 위한 시간 부족 → 일정 통제 못하는 경우의 반복 → 빈칸 → 재충
‌
전 시간 부족으로 인한 정신적, 신체적 피로 → 인지 기능과 면역 체계 손상

Step 2 빈칸 전후에서 결정적 단서가 될 수 있는 내용을 찾는다.
빈칸 바로 앞의 But when it becomes the norm에서 it은 앞 문장의 losing control of your own schedule을
지칭한다. 이는 곧 자신을 재충전할 시간을 갖지 못하는 것을 의미한다.

Step 3 정답의 단서를 염두에 두고 선택지를 살펴본 후 정답을 결정한다.
빈칸 이후에 전개되는 내용이 재충전 시간의 부족으로 인한 정신 건강과 신체 건강의 손상을 담고 있으므로, 빈칸
에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은 ③ ‘그것은 여러분의 건강과 행복에 심각한 타격을 입힐 수 있다’이다. 오답 선택
지의 내용들은 빈칸 이후에 전개되는 내용과 관련이 없다.
① 여러분은 다른 사람들과 건전한 관계를 갖지 못할 것이다
② 그것은 여러분의 삶에서 지루함과 스트레스를 줄이는 데 도움이 되지 않는다
④ 그것은 마침내 여러분의 재정 상황을 훨씬 더 악화시킬 것이다
⑤ 여러분은 무언가를 성취하고자 하는 의욕을 느낄 가능성이 더 적다

Vocabulary Review

1. Natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes are . 1. unavoidable | 지진이나 허리케인
같은 자연재해는 피할 수 없다.
(impossible to avoid or prevent)
2. cognitive | 일상의 경험은 아이의 인
지 발달에 영향을 미칠 수 있다.
2. Everyday experiences can impact a child’s development. 3. immune | 이 혈액 검사는 당신이
그 병에 면역이 되었는지를 보여 줄 것
(relating to or involving conscious mental activities)
이다.
3. This blood test will show whether you’re to the disease.

(not capable of being affected by a disease)

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We believe that modern sport psychologists — Why is it better to let a human have the last
given that they have the professional background say? Nobody now decides whether a human can
— should not be exclusively focused on just obtain a driver’s license based on his or her set of
one approach, but that they should be flexible in ethics, let alone the human’s ability to make ethical
applying the approach that best fits the problem decisions quickly and wisely. Moreover, when an
and the individual. Even though an athlete might accident requires a split-second decision, no human
expect to be taught specific psychological skills, has the capacity to call up judgment, mercy, or
no basis for a trustful relationship can be created compassion from within the recesses of his or her
if the athlete does not feel understood and is not brain, analyze the situation, and have the reaction
taken seriously, but merely provided with standard time necessary to aim the car in the direction called
solutions. A modern sport psychologist needs to for by that analysis. In fact, studies of humans
. In some faced with an unavoidable fatal accident involving
cases, an expert for mental skills is needed and a choice of victims repeatedly show that humans
in other cases, a process-oriented companion is react slowly, irrationally, and inconsistently when
called for. Depending on the existing motives, faced with this ethical dilemma. Why then would
potentials and deficits, sport psychologists society take the decision away from an autonomous
contribute to the development of alternatives in an vehicle on the grounds that a vehicle cannot make
appreciative manner. As Monika Liesenfeld states, an ethical decision, and give it to a human who
“Sport psychologists provide as much security as is at least as ill-equipped to do so? Thus, it is
necessary and as few prefabricated solutions as irrational to suggest that autonomous vehicles must
possible. Sport psychologists are custom tailors if a
with partial standardisations.” life-or-death decision has to be made.
✽prefabricated: 사전에 만들어진 ✽recess: 깊은 곳
① emphasize his or her unique qualifications ① simultaneously process all activities on the road
‌‌
‌‌
② adapt his or her role to the specific situation ② exclude irrelevant agents from the evaluation
‌
‌
③ give his or her clients permission to talk freely process
‌
④ collect a variety of data for his or her research ③ estimate the potential damage of the ongoing
‌
‌
⑤ keep secret any information about his or her accident
‌
clients ④ be equipped to make the same ethical decisions
‌
as humans
⑤ automatically turn over driving to humans
‌
immediately
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At one time, , Art (and music) has shown itself to be incapable

with or without supporting evidence. Thus it of providing sufficient protection against
was that at the annual meeting of the American barbarianism, and maybe it is true that culture is
Association for the Advancement of Science merely nail polish on the claws of the barbarians. A
(AAAS) in 1974, a panel of scientists took aim well-known objection in discussions concerning the
at the ‘organic food myth’, calling it ‘scientific claim that
nonsense’ and the domain of ‘food faddists and involves the numerous examples of evil among
eccentrics’, and blaming ‘pseudoscientists’ for “cultivated” people. The ultimate argument is
confusing the public and thus scaring them into made through stories about how “prominent Nazi
paying more for food. They also said that the leaders managed concentration camps with one
‘organic myth was counterproductive to human hand and read Goethe with the other; shut one
welfare, because the myth leads to a rejection ear to the sound of the captive’s cries in pain and
of procedures that are needed for the production despair and listened to Bach and Beethoven with
of nutritious food at maximum efficiency’ the other.” Ultimately, it may be argued that how
and was ‘eroding gains of decades of farming we read and listen is also crucial, not just what we
advancements’. Yet, 7 years later, the journal of read and listen to. It is only when we let art and
this same AAAS published a major research paper music shake, disquiet, and challenge us in relation
that found organic farms to be highly efficient to conventional “truths” and values that they can
and economically competitive while using less unfold their transformative potential. Only then
fossil energy and suffering less soil erosion than can they “cultivate capacities of judgement and
neighbouring conventional farms. sensitivity that can and should be expressed in the
✽faddist: 일시적인 유행을 따르는 사람 ✽✽eccentric: 괴짜 choices a citizen makes.”
✽barbarianism: 야만, 미개
① organic farming was fair game for attacks ✽✽concentration camp: 강제 수용소
‌‌
② people doubted the significance of farming
‌
③ conventional farming seemed to be suspended ① works of art cannot be morally evaluated
‌
‌
④ experts advocated organic methods in agriculture ② experiencing art is a highly personal matter
‌
‌
⑤ organic products were regarded as fully ③ there is no distinctive hierarchy among cultures
‌
‌
developed ④ art education can improve children’s social skills
‌
⑤ art and literature contribute to our moral
‌
development

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Chapter
12 함축 의미 추론
유형 소개
■ 뜻을‌
함축하고 있는 밑줄 친 부분의 의미를 글의 문맥을 통해 추론하는 유형이다.
■ 밑줄 친 부분을 직역한 후, 그것이 글 전체의 문맥 속에서 어떤 의미로 사용되었는지를 파악해야 한다.
‌
밑줄 친 Meaning is made, not found.가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0056
The language of ‘pets’ uses the obvious similarities between humans and other animals to
provide a foundation for kinship. ‘Pets’ may enjoy the same ethical consideration as family
members: to be fed when hungry, protected from cold, treated when ill. In many ways, they
are guest members of human culture. However, this is a human choice. If we wish to eat the
animal or wear its skin, it would not be desirable to speak of ‘it’ as gendered or as a member
of the family. So we usually use a language which tacitly emphasises human uniqueness rather
than the features we share with other animals. The potential ethical difficulty of eating a family
member is thereby avoided. Within each discourse, our ethical choices are coded within the tacit
meanings of the language itself, so that they appear to be natural rather than chosen. But there is
no ‘natural’ or neutral way to talk ethically about animals. Meaning is made, not found.
✽tacitly: 암묵적으로
① For animals, we are only animals of another species.

‌
② Too many opinions are being raised about animal ethics.
③ The argument for perceiving animals as resources is gaining ground.
④ Having animals as family members makes our lives more meaningful.
⑤ We give animals different values of existence depending on the situation.
 foundation 토대  kinship 연대감, 친족

 ethical 윤리적인  consideration 배려, 숙고
 desirable 바람직한  gendered 성별을 반영한
 emphasise 강조하다  uniqueness 유일함, 개성
 code 암호화하다  resource 자원
 ground 근거, 이유
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Step 1 글의 중심 소재를 파악한다.

글의 도입부에서 ‘반려동물’이라는 단어가 내포하는 의미를 설명하면서 인간과 동물과의 유사성을 거론하는 것으로
보아 중심 소재는 인간과 동물에 대한 정의라는 것을 알 수 있다.

Step 2 글의 논리적 전개를 따라가며 글의 중심 생각과 밑줄 친 부분의 함축 의미를 파악한다.
도입부 이후, 네 번째 문장(However, this is ~.)에서 글의 흐름은 전환되며, 인간의 동물에 대한 정의는 상황과
조건에 따라서 달라지는 인간의 선택에 의한 것이라는 글의 중심 생각이 드러난다. 이런 내용을 고려하면 밑줄 친
부분은 인간이 상황에 따라 동물에게 다른 의미를 부여하고 있음을 의미한다는 것을 알 수 있다.

Step 3 파악한 함축 의미를 가장 잘 표현하는 선택지를 찾는다.
인간은 ‘반려동물’이라는 단어를 사용하면서 동물을 인간 문화의 손님처럼 정의하기도 하지만, 동물을 자원으로 이
용할 때에는 인간의 유일함을 강조하는 경향이 있다고 했으므로, 밑줄 친 부분이 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은
⑤ ‘우리는 동물에게 상황에 따라 다른 존재 가치를 부여한다.’이다.
① 동물들에게, 우리는 다른 종의 동물일 뿐이다.
② 동물 윤리에 대한 너무 많은 의견이 제기되고 있다.
③ 동물을 자원으로 인식하자는 주장이 근거를 얻고 있다.
④ 동물을 가족 구성원으로 대하는 것은 우리 삶을 더욱 의미 있게 한다.
Vocabulary Review

1. For this issue, using the traditional approach would be a more 1. desirable | 이 문제에 있어서, 전통적
인 접근 방식을 사용하는 것이 더 바람
choice.
직한 선택일 것이다.
(worth having or wanting) 2. emphasise | 당신은 글에서 어떤 단
어를 강조하기 위해 이탤릭체나 대문자
를 사용할 수 있다.
2. You can use italics or capitals to a word in a piece of
3. resource | 지역 공공 도서관은 아이
writing. 들에게 유용한 자원이다.
(to show that something is very important or worth giving attention to)
3. The local public library is a valuable for children.

(a useful or valuable possession)
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밑줄 친 ‘less is more’ gave way to ‘more and more’가 다음 밑줄 친 meet those writers more than halfway가 다음 글에
글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? 서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
There was, perhaps, no better indicator of the To understand difficult passages, you need to
change in consumption culture than the shift in translate them into your own words — to build a
the meaning of the word ‘consumption’ itself. bridge, in effect, between the passage’s unfamiliar
After centuries in which the body politic had been terms and ones more familiar to you. Building
modelled on the human body, the consumption such a bridge should help you connect what
of goods began to be distinguished from its you already know to what the author is saying
epistemological cousin, consumption as a wasting — and will then help you move from reading to
disease. Personal excess, of course, continued writing, providing you with some of the language
to attract moral critics, but it was no longer a you will need to summarize the text. One major
dangerous social disease. Instead, a chorus of challenge in translating the author’s words into
new voices defended man’s appetite for more as your own, however, is to stay true to what the
the impetus of human advancement. Here was a author is actually saying, avoiding what we call “the
fundamental transformation, overturning centuries closest cliché syndrome,” in which one mistakes a
of received wisdom: ‘less is more’ gave way to commonplace idea for an author’s more complex
‘more and more’. Once regarded as a drain, to one. The work of complex writers, who frequently
be checked and kept under control, consumption challenge conventional thinking, cannot always
was now defended as a source of wealth. In 1776 be collapsed into the types of ideas most of us
Adam Smith pronounced it the ‘sole end of all are already familiar with. Therefore, when you
production’. translate, do not try to fit the ideas of such writers
✽epistemological: 인식론상의 into your preexisting beliefs, but instead allow your
✽✽impetus: (일의 추진에 필요한) 자극(제)
own views to be challenged. In building a bridge to
the writers you read, it is often necessary to meet
① Consumption and production are no longer
‌
interrelated. those writers more than halfway.
② Small businesses have merged into large
① investigate the writers’ other works extensively
‌
corporations.
② look for common things between the writers and
③ The virtue of saving was replaced by that of
‌
you
‌
consumption.
③ interpret the writers’ words based on your own
④ Individual consumption was influenced by
‌
beliefs
‌
national policy.
④ paraphrase the writers’ ideas as simply as
⑤ Domestic consumption led to a reduction in
‌
possible
‌
international trade.
⑤ focus more on the writers’ intended meaning
‌
than on your assumption
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밑줄 친 uses his superior “interactive knowledge”가 다음 밑줄 친 Obstacles to flow can be functional, and add
글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? value가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
The rivalry between Sherlock Holmes and the It’s not enough to design for pure movement: The
evil genius Professor Moriarty illustrates how designer has to build in spaces, activities, and
indeterminacy can arise as a natural by-product of intersections where people will leave the flow. Pure
rational agents second-guessing each other. When movement can be bad for business. Jan Benthem,
the two first met, Moriarty was eager, too eager, who with his partner Mels Crouwel is the master
to display his capacity for interactive thinking by architect of Schiphol, told me with glee about
announcing: “All I have to say has already crossed the time when the commercial people insisted
your mind.” Holmes replied: “Then possibly my an area of seating be removed to make way for a
answer has crossed yours.” As the plot unfolds, row of shops. The result was the opposite of that
Holmes uses his superior “interactive knowledge” intended: Revenues per square meter in the new
to outmaneuver Moriarty by unexpectedly getting shops, and in existing ones next to them, actually
off the train at Canterbury, thwarting Moriarty, who decreased after the redesign, which, as it happened,
had calculated that Paris was Holmes’s rational had created a kind of canyon through which
destination. Complicated though it is, Moriarty passengers rushed like white water in the Rocky
failed to recognize that Holmes had already Mountains — too fast to stop and shop. The seats
recognized that Moriarty would deduce what a were put back. Flow designers like Jan Benthem
rational Holmes would do under the circumstances, and UN (United Net) Studio have learned from
and the odds now favored Holmes getting off the such experiences to pay attention to what they call
train earlier than once planned. “kaleidoscope moments” — the turns in flows
✽indeterminacy: 불확정성 ✽✽thwart: 좌절시키다 where movement is tighter or more compact, or
✽✽✽deduce: 추론하다
where they cross over other flows. “Obstacles to
flow can be functional, and add value,” says Ben
① infers Moriarty’s true intentions without meeting
‌
him van Berkel, a UN Studio architect.
✽kaleidoscope: 만화경
② anticipates Moriarty’s actions and devises ways
‌
to counter them
① Welcoming and relaxing spaces are valuable
③ delivers his message to Moriarty only using
‌
settings for social interactions.
‌
contextual hints
② Interior designers need to figure out how to grab
④ o u tperforms Moriarty’s expe c ta tions in
‌
people’s attention in a busy place.
‌
conversation skills
③ The intensified competition between the existing
⑤ promptly sets up a situation from which
‌
and new shops can help them all prosper.
‌
Moriarty can’t escape
④ Interrupting the flow of customers with objects
‌
such as seats is financially beneficial to retailers.
⑤ Minimizing users’ unnecessary movement is
‌
advisable for designing multi-functional spaces.
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Chapter
13 무관한 문장 파악
유형 소개
■ 주제나
‌
요지와 무관한 문장을 찾는 능력을 평가하는 유형이다.
■ 글의 논리적인 전개를 파악하여 흐름에서 벗어난 문장을 찾는다.
‌
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? 22053-0061
Due to society’s emphasis on ability as a mainstay of self-worth, diminished feelings of

self-worth and shame are brought about following failure which might suggest low ability.
① This is particularly the case when considerable effort has been expended and there are no
circumstances one can point to (headache, emotional upset, noisy study environment, etc.) which
account for poor performance. ② Where it is possible to point to some mitigating circumstance
which might explain poor performance, the link between poor performance and low ability
is blurred. ③ Where there is no such ready-made alibi, the possibility of poor performance
becomes all the more threatening. ④ We know that it leads to a lot of problems, so it may not
be surprising that having a low self-worth is the highest predictor of developing anxiety or
depression. ⑤ This conclusion of low ability therefore becomes all the more likely as failures
accumulate.
✽mitigating: 정상 참작을 할 만한
 mainstay 주축, 중심, 기둥  self-worth 자아 존중감, 자부심

 diminished 감소된, 줄어든  shame 수치심, 부끄러움
 considerable 상당한, 많은  expend (많은 돈·시간·에너지를) 들이다, 쏟다
 upset 혼란, 전복  blur 모호하게 하다, 흐리게 하다
 ready-made 이미 만들어져 있는, 이미 주어진  alibi 변명, 구실, 알리바이
 all the (비교급 앞에 쓰여) 그만큼 훨씬 더 ~한[하게]  threatening 위협적인, 협박하는
 predictor 전조(가 되는 것), 예측 변수  anxiety 불안, 염려
 depression 우울증, 의기소침  accumulate 누적되다, 모이다, 축적되다
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Step 1 글의 주제와 요지를 파악한다.

글의 주제는 실패로 인한 부족한 능력의 인식과 자아 존중감 저하이며, 요지는 실패로 인해 부족한 능력을 인식하
게 되면 자아 존중감 역시 감소한다는 것이다.

Step 2 글의 요지에 부합하지 않는 문장을 찾는다.
상당한 노력을 들였는데도 부진한 학업 성과를 보이게 되었고, 그 원인으로 돌릴 만한 상황을 찾을 수 없는 경우,
실패가 누적되면 부진한 학업 성과가 부족한 능력에 기인한다고 보게 되고, 이로 인해 자아 존중감이 감소한다는
것이 글의 주된 내용이므로, 낮은 자아 존중감이 불안이나 우울증이 생길지에 대한 강한 전조라는 문장 ④는 글의 요
지에 부합하지 않는다.

Step 3 정답 문장을 제외한 다음, 글의 흐름이 자연스러운지 확인한다.
낮은 자아 존중감과 불안 및 우울증의 연관성을 언급한 문장 ④를 제외하면 문장 ③에서 언급한 이미 만들어진 변
명거리가 없는 상황에서는 부진한 학업 성과의 가능성이 더 위협적이라는 내용이 문장 ⑤에서 언급한 부족한 능력
이라는 결론을 내릴 가능성이 더 크다는 내용으로 이어지면서 글의 흐름이 자연스럽다.

Vocabulary Review

1. The problems have caused disappointment and a(n) 1. diminished | 그 문제들은 과학에 대
한 실망과 신뢰의 저하를 초래했다.
confidence in science.
2. predictor | 여론 조사가 반드시 선
(reduced or lessened) 거 결과의 신뢰할 만한 예측 변수는 아
니다.
3. accumulate | 어떤 화학 물질은 독
2. Opinion polls are not necessarily a reliable of election
성 수준에 도달할 때까지 체내에 축적될
outcomes. 수 있다.
(something that helps you predict something that will happen in the
future)
3. Some chemicals can in the body until toxic levels are

reached.
(to increase gradually in quantity or number)
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다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Whether a parent or thresholder, we share It is very common for parents to streamline their
cultural norms about what feelings and behaviors children into a particular sport or competition.
are expected and therefore what feelings and Johnny wants to play in the NHL, or Mary wants
behaviors are acceptable. We share assumptions to be a professional soccer player and bring home
about when adolescence ends and what we an Olympic gold medal. ① In both cases, parents
should become when it ends. ① Repeatedly can misinterpret a child’s early love for a sport
parents describe children of nineteen, twenty, and as an opportunity to focus programs, coaching,
twenty-one as “all grown up” — a term that is and skill development on one particular sport.
accompanied by a flicker of the hand, indicating ② We have witnessed children as young as six
how the grown-up child has gone away. ② If being years of age whose entire physical development
twenty-one means being an adult, and if being is geared around the particular movements of a
an adult means not needing one’s parents, then it sport. ③ However, specialization is necessary
is humiliating to admit this need. ③ Thus, their for achieving high performance in any sport
self-esteem comes from learning to accept who they because it leads to physical, technical, tactical,
are by seeing their insufficiencies and still choosing and psychological adaptation. ④ In reality,
to like themselves. ④ A young adult continues children should be encouraged to play games,
to be dependent on his parents’ love, admiration, activities, and multiple sports in order to optimize
and approval to define and stabilize his sense of athletic development, muscle strength, and neural
self. ⑤ When this dependence seems “wrong,” he programming. ⑤ Children are not just little
suffers a new version of separation anxiety. adults: they have complex, distinct physiological
✽thresholder: 성인의 문턱에 있는 청소년 ✽✽flicker: 휙 움직이는 동작 characteristics that must be taken into account.
✽NHL: (북미) 프로 아이스하키 리그(National Hockey League)
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03 22053-0064 04 22053-0065
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
The primary difference between greenwashing Until relatively recently, it had been widely
and symbolic corporate environmentalism assumed that human language was unique: while
is the way in which symbol and substance some animals may have rudimentary forms of
are connected. In conventional definitions of communication, these are limited, and relatively
greenwashing, a firm’s communications can be uninteresting. ① Moreover, so the myth goes,
separated from actual environmental impacts. human language is unrelated to animal forms
‘Greenwashing’ is the label given when deliberate of communication. ② Even if it did derive
positive disclosure exists in parallel with poor from an evolutionarily earlier form of human
substantive environmental performance. ① Thus, proto-language, this bore no relation to the
by definition, a firm’s communications are communication systems found, today, amongst
disconnected from environmental impact. ② There other primates, mammals and countless other
is only a symbolic link between the signal — types of species in the animal kingdom. ③ But the
such as adopting an empty eco-label — and the accumulation of research on the way other species
abstract concept it is intended to signify (e.g., communicate, from apes to whales, from vervets to
corporate environmental concern). ③ Eco-labelled starlings, increasingly suggests this may overstate
products are environmental due to the effect of the divide between human language and non-human
reducing pollutant emissions throughout the communicative systems. ④ Research suggests that
manufacturing process, and are economical due the human brain exhibits a language readiness not
to the effect of reducing energy consumption and found in the brains of other species. ⑤ Many of the
pollutant treatment costs. ④ In greenwashing, characteristics exhibited by language are found, to
there is no necessary link between the symbol and varying degrees, across a broad spectrum of animal
materially improved environmental performance. communication systems.
⑤ Greenwashing is a special case within symbolic ✽rudimentary: 기본적인, 미발달의
✽✽vervet: (남아프리카산) 긴꼬리원숭이 ✽✽✽starling: 찌르레기
corporate environmentalism in which firms
deliberately manipulate symbols so as to open
up a gap between their symbolic and substantive
performance.
✽greenwashing: 위장환경주의
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Chapter
14 글의 순서 파악
유형 소개
■ 주어진 ‌
글 다음에 이어지는 세 개의 글의 순서를 파악하는 유형이다.
■ 글의 논리적 흐름과 문장 간의 전후 관계를 파악하여 적절한 글의 순서를 찾는다.
‌
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0066
A destination that has a good location relative to large tourist markets has a distinct
advantage over one that is much farther away. However, accessibility can help equalize this
factor.
(A) Of course, that doesn’t mean these locations cannot develop tourism, just that they are likely
‌
to develop in a different way than one that is more accessible. Such destinations may receive
smaller numbers of tourists who stay at the destination for longer periods of time and spend
more money.
(B) Accessibility is the relative ease with which one location may be reached from another. For
‌
example, a direct flight or a high-speed train increases the accessibility of a place.
(C) Yet, it is often the case that remote locations are harder to get to and from because of fewer
‌
transportation connections, longer travel times, and frequently higher transportation costs. As
such, remote places are less likely to develop into large destinations in terms of the quantity
of tourists received.
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

‌

‌

‌
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
‌

‌
 destination (여행 등의) 목적지, 도착지  relative to ~과 관련하여

 distinct 뚜렷한  accessibility 접근성, 접근하기 쉬움
 equalize 동등하게 하다  remote 외진, 외딴
 transportation 교통, 수송  as such 따라서
 quantity 수량, 다수
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www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 주어진 글을 읽고 글의 소재를 파악하고 중심 내용을 추론한다.

주어진 글을 통해 여행 목적지를 다루는 글임을 알 수 있다. 주어진 글의 내용은 관광 시장에서 여행 목적지의 위치
는 중요하지만, 그 차이는 접근성에 의해 줄어들 수 있다는 것이다.

Step 2 (A)~(C)의 앞부분을 신속하게 읽고, 주어진 글과 가장 먼저 이어질 내용을 찾는다.
(A) 물론, 그것이 이러한 장소가 관광업을 발전시킬 수 없다는 것을 의미하는 것은 아니고, ~ → (×)
‌
(B) 접근성은 다른 장소로부터 한 장소에 도달할 수 있는 상대적인 용이성이다. → 주어진 글의 후반에 언급한 접
‌
근성에 관한 설명과 이어짐. ()
(C) 그러나, 외진 곳은 왕래하기가 더 어려운 경우가 흔한데, ~ → (×)
‌

Step 3 글의 흐름과 단서를 종합하여 글이 통일성, 일관성과 응집성이 있도록 순서를 정한다.
접근성의 개념과 그 사례를 설명한 (B)에 이어, 그러한 접근성에는 한계가 있어서 지리적으로 외진 곳은 대규모 여
행 목적지로 발전할 가능성이 낮다는 내용의 (C)가 이어지는 것이 자연스럽고, 마지막으로 (C)의 내용이 의미하는
바를 구체적으로 설명한 후, 외진 곳에 맞는 여행 유형이 있음을 제시한 (A)가 오는 것이 논리적으로 자연스럽다.

Vocabulary Review

1. This island is a popular tourist . 1. destination | 이 섬은 인기 있는 관

광 목적지이다.
(the place that someone or something is going to)
2. accessibility | 이렇게 하면 여러분
의 웹 사이트의 접근성이 크게 향상될
2. This will improve the of your website dramatically. 것이다.
3. transportation | 서울은 매우 체계
(how easy something is to reach, enter, use, see, etc.)
적인 대중교통 시스템을 가지고 있다.
3. Seoul has a very organized public system.

(a way of traveling from one place to another place)
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01 22053-0067 02 22053-0068
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Fashion shows generally accommodate a One method of measuring energy is the joule.
minimum of 100 guests and as many as 1,000, The watt (a unit of power) is equal to using 1
with the average seating around 300. The size joule of energy in 1 second. So, a 100-watt light
of a show is much less significant than the bulb uses 100 joules of energy every second. If
importance of the people who attend. the same amount of energy is expended in 10
seconds, the power is only 10 watts.
(A) The list is a good place to start when deciding
‌
whom to invite, but you need to edit it (A) In each case, the total amount of energy is
‌
carefully. Many of the writers and editors on the same, but the power output varies widely,
this list are not appropriate for all collections depending on how quickly the energy is used.
and don’t need to be at your show. For example, exploding a stick of dynamite
(B) It’s better to show your collection to 5 of the releases about as much total energy as burning
‌
right people than 50 people who really can’t a pound of coal.
affect your business. If you show in the tents at (B) The reason that a stick of dynamite has so
‌
New York Fashion Week, you’ll be provided a much more power is that all of that energy is
press list of people who register to attend the released in an instant, instead of over a few
shows. hours. Believe it or not, a candy bar contains
(C) If you use this list, you also need to add writers more energy, pound for pound, than dynamite.
‌
and editors from alternative publications who However, this energy is released much more
don’t register. Many designers build their own slowly as it is digested.
list from scratch, carefully researching the (C) On the other hand, if that same 100 joules of
‌
appropriate editors and buyers whom they want energy is expended in 1/10 second, the power is
to attend. 1,000 watts, and if the energy is crammed into
a ten-thousandth of a second, the power output
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) for that short period of time is a million watts.
‌
‌
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
‌
‌
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) ① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
‌
‌
‌
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
‌
‌
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
‌
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주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
The crust of the Earth is slowly but constantly Nonrenewable resources (copper, coal, tin,
shifting; the continents act much like great rafts and oil, among many others) have built up or
of rock, floating on the viscous interior of the evolved in a geological timespan. They can’t
Earth and reshaped by plate tectonics. be replaced at will — only over a similar
time-scale.
(A) For example, a number of embayments on
‌
the Alaska coast that were used as harbors a (A) This erroneous view neglects the facts of
‌
century ago are now too shallow to be navigable energy resource depletion and increasing
because that part of the continent has risen. pollution with lower-grade burdens. In short, to
Seventy million years ago England’s famous find, to extract, and to process the remaining 20
White Cliffs of Dover were a shallow seafloor. percent generally costs more than the result is
Many types of forces are at work — everything worth.
changes. (B) In this age of advanced technology, we often
‌
(B) Consequently, if a load is added to the top of hear that (for example) when high-grade tin ore
‌
the raft — by a huge volcanic outpouring of runs out (when 80 percent of its total estimated
lava or the accumulation of a great mass of ice, supply has been removed and used), low-grade
for example — the raft will sink a little and the tin ore (the other 20 percent) will become
sea level will appear to rise. economically workable.
(C) By the same reasoning, as erosion removes (C) Even with unlimited supplies of energy, what if
‌
‌
land mass and large ice sheets melt, the load we could extract that last 20 percent? When it
is lightened and the land rises. This rising of is gone, nothing is going to bring it back except
the land as ice sheets melt is referred to as time measured in centuries and millennia,
post-glacial rebound. paired with the elements that produce the
✽viscous: 점성이 있는 ✽✽plate tectonics: 판구조론 resource.
✽✽✽embayment: 만 ✽tin: 주석 ✽✽depletion: 고갈 ✽✽✽ore: 광석
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)

‌
‌
‌
‌
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
‌
‌
‌
‌
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
‌
‌
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Chapter
15 문장 삽입
유형 소개
■ 글의
‌
논리적 흐름을 바탕으로 주어진 문장이 들어갈 적절한 위치를 파악하는 유형이다.
■ 글의 중심 내용과 이에 어울리는 문장 간의 논리적 연결성을 파악해야 한다.
‌
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은? 22053-0071
These types of sleep are important in reordering and fixing memories, which can in turn
help improve cognitive ability.
Monkeys sleep on branches high in the forest canopy. ( ① ) This certainly keeps them safe
from ground predators such as leopards and jaguars, but it must be unstable and uncomfortable.
( ② ) The monkeys sit on as thick a branch as they can find, resting their weight on pads of skin
that develop on their buttocks, but even so they repeatedly wake up throughout the night. ( ③ )
An ape, sleeping within a broad, cup-shaped nest, is far safer and can sleep for longer periods
and more deeply. ( ④ ) Studies by David Samson, now at the University of Toronto, and his
coworkers, comparing neural activity in sleeping monkeys and sleeping apes, have shown that
the apes have more frequent periods of both NREM (non-rapid eye movement) and REM (rapid
eye movement) sleep. ( ⑤ ) Building nests could have helped apes get even cleverer.
✽canopy: (숲을 이루는 나무의 윗부분 가지들이) 지붕 모양으로 우거진 층
 reorder 재정리하다, 다시 배열하다  fix (마음·기억에) ~을 새겨 두다, 심어 두다

 in turn 결과적으로, 결국  cognitive 인지[인식]의
 predator 포식자  unstable 불안정한
 rest 받치다, 기대다  buttocks 엉덩이
 neural 신경의
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www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 글의 중심 내용을 파악한다.

원숭이가 높은 나뭇가지 위에서 잠을 자는 것은 불안정하고 불편할 것이 틀림없기 때문에 밤새 반복해서 깨는 반
면, 넓고 컵 모양을 띤 둥지 안에서 잠을 자는 유인원은 더 오랜 기간 더 깊이 잠을 잘 수 있는데, 그러한 유인원의
수면이 인지 능력을 향상하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있으므로 둥지를 짓는 것이 유인원으로 하여금 훨씬 더 영리해지도
록 도울 수 있었을 것이라는 내용의 글이다.

Step 2 주어진 문장의 내용과 글 전체의 논리적 흐름을 파악한다.
주어진 문장이 These types of sleep으로 시작하므로, 앞 문장에 수면의 유형을 묘사하는 내용이 나와야 함을 알
수 있다. ⑤ 앞 문장의 유인원이 NREM(비급속 안구 운동)과 REM(급속 안구 운동) 수면의 주기를 더 자주 갖
는다는 것을 보여 주었다는 내용과 ⑤ 뒤 문장의 둥지를 짓는 것은 유인원이 훨씬 더 영리해지도록 도울 수 있었을
것이라는 내용이 자연스럽게 연결되지 않으므로, 이 두 문장의 내용을 이어 줄 수 있는 내용이 들어가야 함을 알 수
있다.
Step 3 주어진 문장을 넣고 글의 흐름을 확인한다.

주어진 문장의 These types of sleep이 ⑤ 앞 문장의 NREM(비급속 안구 운동)과 REM(급속 안구 운동) 수면
의 주기를 더 자주 갖는 유인원의 수면 유형을 가리키고, 주어진 문장의 인지 능력을 향상하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있
다는 내용이 ⑤ 뒤 문장의 유인원이 훨씬 더 영리해지도록 도울 수 있었을 것이라는 것과 맥락상 자연스럽게 연결
되므로, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은 ⑤이다.
Vocabulary Review
괄호 안의 영영 풀이를 참고하여 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 Vocabulary in Context에서 찾아 쓰시오. Answer & Translation
1. in turn | 생산 증가는 결국 수익 증가
로 이어질 것이다.
1. Increased production will, , lead to increased profits.
2. predator | 물고기는 포식자를 피하기
(as a result of something in a series of events) 위해 다양한 기술을 사용한다.
3. unstable | 그녀는 그 소식을 듣고 정
서적으로 불안정하다.
2. Fish use various techniques to escape a .
(an animal that lives by killing and eating other animals)
3. She is emotionally to hear the news.

(likely to change suddenly)
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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은? 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
In fact, the concept of privacy carries heavily However, it does not follow from this that good
negative connotations in many collectivistic soils are of less importance than in the past.
cultures.
Soil texture is thought to be a major determinant
On the psychological level, privacy regulation of crop yields in England because it influences
refers to the selective monitoring of closedness the amount of moisture available in the soil, yet
and openness or access to the self or to one’s this is clearly ultimately a function of rainfall and
group. Intrapersonal space refers to the need for evaporation, not simply texture. ( ① ) The soil is
information privacy or psychological quietness more easily modified than climate or slope. ( ② )
between the self and others. ( ① ) While privacy Modern farming methods make it possible to
regulation is a major concern in many Western supply plant nutrients to an inherently infertile soil,
social environments, the issue may not be seen acid soils can be treated with lime, and waterlogged
as very critical in many collectivistic cultures. soils can be improved by underdraining. ( ③ )
( ② ) For example, the Chinese words that closely Inputs of fertilizer obtain a better yield response
correspond to the concept “privacy” are “secretive” on good soils than upon poor soils. ( ④ ) Thus,
and “selfishness,” both of which have heavy in the USA corn production has been slowly
pejorative meanings. ( ③ ) This is not to say that concentrating in the regions with optimum soil
Chinese do not need personal privacy or space. and climate, and declining elsewhere. ( ⑤ ) This
( ④ ) It just implies that many Chinese believe requires not only fertilizers but good conditions
that relational interconnection should override that allow such regional specialization.
the importance of personal privacy in everyday ✽lime: 석회 ✽✽waterlogged: 물을 잔뜩 머금은
interactions. ( ⑤ ) Moreover, population density

and crowded environmental conditions make it
virtually impossible for people in many Asian
countries (e.g., China, India, Indonesia, and Japan)
to maintain personal privacy or interpersonal space.
✽connotation: 함의, 함축된 의미 ✽✽pejorative: 경멸적인
✽✽✽override: ~보다 우위에 있다
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03 22053-0074 04 22053-0075
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은? 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
It also favored narrower hips, which made But theaters are interested in increasing
childbearing more difficult and dangerous profits from concession purchases, so they
and probably means that many hominins, like want to make the more expensive option more
modern humans, gave birth to infants that were appealing.
not yet capable of surviving on their own.
A simple example of the decoy effect is a study
In bipedal species, the big toe is no longer used run by the magazine National Geographic. One
for gripping, so it aligns more closely with the group of consumers was asked to choose between
other toes, while the spine enters the skull from a small bucket of popcorn for $3 or a large one for
below, not from the back (get down on four legs $7. ( ① ) The majority of consumers in this group
and you’ll understand why). ( ① ) Walking on two chose the small bucket. ( ② ) The decoy effect is
legs required rearrangements of the back, the hips, one way to make this happen. ( ③ ) In the study,
even the braincase. ( ② ) That would have meant this was done by employing a second group that
that their babies needed more parenting, which may was offered the same choices plus one more: a
have encouraged sociability and gotten hominin medium bucket for $6.50. ( ④ ) The majority of
fathers more involved in child-rearing. ( ③ ) consumers in this group opted for the large bucket
There were many indirect effects of bipedalism, but because it seemed like a rational choice: You get
we’re not yet sure exactly why hominins became a lot more popcorn for only 50 cents more. ( ⑤ )
bipedal. ( ④ ) Perhaps bipedalism let our ancestors So even though the decoy (medium bucket) wasn’t
walk or run farther in the grassy savanna lands preferred, it lured people into choosing the most
that had spread around a cooling world in the past expensive option over the less expensive option
thirty million years. ( ⑤ ) It also freed human they would have chosen had the decoy not been
hands to specialize in manipulative tasks including, there.
eventually, the making of tools. ✽concession: 구내매점 ✽✽decoy: 미끼 ✽✽✽lure: 유혹하다
✽hominin: 호미닌(인간의 조상으로 분류되는 종족)

✽✽bipedal: 두 발로 걷는 ✽✽✽braincase: 두개, 머리
책1.indb 67 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:37

Chapter
16 요약문 완성
유형 소개
■ 글의‌
내용을 요약한 문장의 빈칸을 완성하는 유형이다.
■ 글의 요지와 핵심 어구를 정확히 파악한 후, 이를 바탕으로 요약문의 빈칸에 들어갈 단어나 어구를 추론한다.
‌
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0076
Many understandably stay away from writing. Critical of their ability to devote words to
page, they are writing avoidant. Can’t spell, can’t construct a sentence, no ideas worth writing
are among their reasons. Scarred by the red pen of school which taught a type of writing that
excluded somatic awareness, students were often guided to fit their personal expression into
book reports and essays, ready-made structures that neglected individual and unique verbal
paths. Many schools omitted expressive creative writing as unnecessary, except as an elective
at best. With writing commonly taught to conform to objective standards, it neglected its power
to foster growth, empathy, creative expression, healing, imagination, and integration. The
unfortunate result from relying on a singular approach to writing is that many of us too often
assess our skills as inferior. Our enthusiasm never developed. Why write? Why pursue a difficult
activity that reaps meaningless rewards? Why not find a more worthwhile and satisfying pursuit
like hiking or playing soccer? ✽somatic: 몸의, 육체의 ✽✽elective: 선택 과목
In teaching writing, many schools stick to an approach that disregards (A) , which
often leads students to (B) writing later in life.
(A) (B) (A) (B)

① individuality …… avoid ② objectivity …… enjoy
‌

‌
③ accuracy …… avoid ④ accuracy …… improve
‌

‌
⑤ individuality …… enjoy
‌
 understandably 당연히  stay away from ~을 가까이하지 않다

 critical of ~에 비판적인  devote ~ to page ~을 글로 옮기다
 avoidant 회피성의  scar 상처를 남기다
 exclude 배제하다  awareness 의식
 ready-made 이미 만들어진  neglect 무시하다, 경시하다
 omit 빼다, 생략하다  conform to ~에 순응하다
 objective 객관적인  foster 촉진하다, 기르다
 empathy 공감  integration 통합
 assess 평가하다  inferior 열등한
 enthusiasm 열정, 의욕  reap (보답 따위를) 받다
 disregard 무시하다
책1.indb 68 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:37

www.ebsi.co.kr
Step 1 요약문의 정보를 통해 글의 중심 내용을 예측한다.

요약문: 글쓰기를 가르칠 때 많은 학교가 (A) 를 무시하는 방식을 고수하는데, 이것은 자주 학생들이 이
후 생에서 글쓰기를 (B) 만든다.
→ 학교에서의 글쓰기 교육 방식과 그것이 학생들의 글쓰기를 대하는 태도에 미치는 영향에 대한 글임을 알 수 있다.

Step 2 글의 전개 과정에서 제시된 주요 내용이 무엇인지 알아낸다.
대부분의 학교에서 개인적이고 창의적인 글쓰기를 생략하고 객관적 기준에 따른 정해진 구조에 따라 쓰는 글쓰기
만을 가르치다 보니 많은 이들이 자신의 글쓰기 능력에 대한 자신감을 잃고 글쓰기를 꺼리게 된다는 내용이다.

Step 3 선택지의 단어나 어구를 요약문의 빈칸에 넣어 요약문으로 적절한지 확인한다.
글의 주요 내용을 고려할 때, 학교에서 가르치는 글쓰기는 개성을 무시하고 이로 인해 학생들은 글쓰기를 피하게
된다는 내용의 요약문이 되어야 한다. 따라서 (A)에는 individuality가, (B)에는 avoid가 들어가는 것이 가장 적
절하다.
② 객관성 - 즐기게
③ 정확성 - 피하게
④ 정확성 - 개선하게
⑤ 개성 – 즐기게

Vocabulary Review

1. A more method of description must be adopted. 1. objective | 더 객관적인 서술 방법이

채택되어야 한다.
(based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings)
2. foster | 인터넷의 성장은 전 세계적으
로 경제 발달을 촉진할 수 있었다.
2. The growth of the Internet could economic development 3. integration | 그의 음악은 전통과 새
로운 기술의 통합이다.
worldwide.
(to encourage a particular feeling, situation, or idea to develop)
3. His music is a(n) of tradition and new technology.

(the action or process of combining two or more things in an effective
way)
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01 22053-0077 02 22053-0078
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
As to learning how to evade a predator, there is It is not aging so much as the recognition of
one interesting experiment on guppies that is worth less time left to live that triggers the shift in what
reporting. In the laboratory of Robin Liley at the people want out of their interactions. Young adults,
University of British Columbia, Wayne Goodey when placed either under artificial time constraints
reared guppies under two different conditions: one through experimental manipulations or under real
group was in contact with adult guppies that often time constraints, show similar preferences toward
chased them, whereas the other group could see the emotional functions of social interactions as do
or smell adults but could not be chased by them. older adults. Endings of any kind bring out strong
Later in life, when put in the presence of predatory emotions and cause you to want to spend time with
fish, the first group — experienced in being chased, the people who have been closest to you. Think of
if only by the same species — escaped from the times when significant life events have come to an
predatory fish more often than did the others. It end, such as when you graduated from high school
seems that the experience gained in fleeing from or said goodbye to a friend who moved across the
the same species could be transferred to another country. Knowing that you did not have much time
context and used in predator evasion. Even a fry’s left to spend with these people, you wanted to make
experience of being chased by a parent and taken the most out of the time you did have before it
into its mouth for safe carrying back to the nest came to an end. The desire to maximize emotional
may help the fry to avoid predators later in life, as rewards leads adults increasingly to prefer spending
reported for some populations of sticklebacks. time with people who are familiar to them rather
✽evade: 회피하다 ✽✽fry: 치어(아주 어린 물고기) than seeking out new friends and acquaintances.
✽✽✽sticklebacks: 큰가시고기
✽acquaintance: 지인
 
T h e ex p e r i e n c e o f a y o u n g fi s h b e i n g When they realize that the (A) of

(A) by adult fish of its own species was a close relationship is approaching, people
found to be (B) to its ability to escape tend to spend more time with the people in
from predators later in life. these existing relationships to receive more
(B) rewards.
(A) (B)

① excluded …… related (A) (B)

② pursued …… dissimilar ① peak …… intrinsic
③ excluded …… damaging ② parting …… material
‌
④ pursued …… related ③ conclusion …… psychological
⑤ protected …… dissimilar ④ crisis …… physical
⑤ breakup …… exclusive
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03 22053-0079 04 22053-0080
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
What the earliest humans found at hand was It used to be the dream of computer scientists to
stone. Later they discovered clay and how to fire be able to develop a machine that could recognize
it, which was hugely important to the growth and distinct patterns, such as faces, everyday objects,
viability of large cities. This innovation (leading to or animals, and then categorize them into groups
the production of ceramic pots in large quantities), much the way babies and children do. In the past
which occurred in the area of Anatolia, in few years, developers have managed to accomplish
modern-day Turkey, eight thousand years ago, some of these goals previously thought to be
made possible the easy cooking and storage of impossible. The problem was counterintuitive: what
liquids and grains, as well as their transport. Since comes naturally to a baby, was considered
the earliest known examples of writing appear on incredibly difficult or impossible for a computer to
clay tablets unearthed in Mesopotamia, we know do. Though, the reverse is also true: the collection,
that clay was as important for storing information sorting, and computing of vast amounts of data,
as it was for storing food. Because of the durability as the result of the recent data explosion of the
of these tablets, archaeologists have been able to past two decades, would be impossible for any
recover remarkably detailed records going back individual human or even millions of humans to do.
five thousand years. In fact, clay tablets had a far Our collective human brain computational power
greater chance of surviving over the millennia than could never match that of computers, which has
papyrus, so we have more “hard” facts about life in exponentially grown nearly beyond imagining.
ancient Mesopotamia than we do about events that The sheer amount of data produced in recent years
occurred in Palestine a thousand years later. is not manageable or useful unless employing
✽viability: 존립 가능성 supercomputer computational capacities.
 ✽exponentially: 기하급수적으로

The discovery of clay and how to fire it played
an important role in the (A) of large Computer scientists have made some progress
cities and the durability of clay allowed humans in their attempts to build a machine capable
to (B) information as well as food for of (A) patterns as babies and children
long periods of time. do, but the computer’s real strength lies in the
(B) of data that it is able to process.
(A) (B)

① development …… analyze (A) (B)

② development …… preserve ① discerning …… applicability
‌
③ overpopulation …… process ② discerning …… quantity
‌
④ transformation …… produce ③ recalling …… variety
‌
⑤ transformation …… share ④ recalling …… quality
⑤ analyzing …… availability
‌
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Chapter
17 장문의 이해 (1): 1지문 2문항

유형 소개
■한
‌‌
문단 혹은 두 문단 이상의 비교적 긴 지문이 제시된다.
■긴 지문을 읽고 제목을 찾는 문항과 낱말의 적절성을 파악하는 문항이 제시된다.
‌
다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
Early trade may have started as mutual gift-giving, as still occurs in a modern society when
we celebrate each other’s birthdays, or bring wine when invited for dinner. Over time, this
gift-giving might have become more systematic. Both parties would have realised that they
(a) gain from the process. In the case of the apples/eggs swap, each gets a more varied diet. Over
time, this leads to (b) specialisation. For some goods, this happens very quickly. Every medieval
village had a blacksmith and a cobbler.
The same process leads to markets. These have existed at least since the time of the
Phoenicians in the second millennium BCE, and have been found all over the world, particularly
in small towns. Much of the trade will come from farmers bringing their surplus goods or
livestock for sale. For specialists — those who sell wine, for example — markets will be a vital
way of selling their goods. And once you have a market, buyers will (c) compare prices. The
cheapest producer will win. Over time, that will (d) eliminate the pressure for traders to become
more “efficient” — producing more goods for a lower cost. Buyers and sellers must agree not
just on the price of a good, but its quality, the place and time of exchange, and the nature and
timing of payment. Innovations like markets, exchanges and financial instruments make this
process (e) easier.
✽cobbler: 구두 수선공
01 22053-0081

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① The Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Trade

‌
② The History of International Trade and Commerce
‌
③ Why Do Financial Markets Go Up and Down?
‌
④ Traditions of Gift-Giving Around the World
‌
⑤ How Did Markets Start and Develop?
‌
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02 22053-0082

밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
Step 1 글의 소재와 주제를 파악한다.

글의 소재는 초기 거래와 시장의 형성이고 첫 번째 문단의 주제는 시장이 있기 전 선물 주기에서 비롯된 물물 교환
과 전문화, 두 번째 문단의 주제는 시장이 생겨나게 된 배경과 그 발전이다.

Step 2 글의 제목으로 적절한 것을 찾는다.
상호 간에 선물을 주고받던 것이 체계적으로 되어 물건을 서로 교환하고 전문화가 이루어져서 결국 시장이 생기게
되었고 구매자와 판매자는 가격뿐만 아니라 그 이외의 것에 대해서도 합의를 하게 되었다는 내용에 가장 잘 부합하
는 제목을 찾는다.
⑤ 시장은 어떻게 생겨났고 발전했는가? → 적절한 제목
① 직거래의 장단점 → 언급되지 않음
② 국제 무역과 상업의 역사 → ‘국제 무역과 상업의 역사’가 글의 주안점이 아님
③ 왜 금융 시장은 오르락내리락하는가? → 언급되지 않음
④ 전 세계의 선물 주기 전통 → ‘선물 주기’가 글의 주안점이 아님

Step 3 밑줄로 제시된 낱말이 문맥에 맞게 적절하게 쓰였는지 확인한다.
시장에서는 가장 싸게 파는 자가 승리하게 되므로, 더 적은 비용으로 더 많은 상품을 생산해야 하는 상인들에게 압
박을 가할 것이다. 그러므로 (d)의 eliminate와 같은 부정적인 낱말은 문맥상 적절하지 않다. 따라서 eliminate를
create와 같은 낱말로 고쳐야 한다.

 mutual 상호 간의, 서로의  celebrate 축하하다, 기념하다

 swap 교환, 바꾸기  specialisation 전문화, 특수화
 medieval 중세의  blacksmith 대장장이
 Phoenician 페니키아인  surplus 잉여의, 잔여의
 livestock 가축
Chapter 17 장문의 이해 (1): 1지문 2문항 73

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[01~02] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

01 22053-0083
Some people believe that freedom of speech is 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
a luxury. In their view, poor nations, or nations
① H ow E c o n o m i c D eve l o p m e n t E n h a n c e s
struggling with social and economic problems,
‌
Democracy
should be trying not to (a) promote democracy but ② Why Good Intentions Sometimes Fail in the
‌
instead to ensure material well-being — economic Real World
growth, and a chance for everyone to have ③ Social Unrest: A Common Symptom of
‌
food, clothing, and shelter. This view is badly Authoritarian Regimes
misconceived. If we understand what is wrong with ④ Famine: No Excuse for the Abandonment of
‌
it, we will have a much better sense of the social Democracy
role of communications. ⑤ Economic Crises Make People Turn a Blind Eye
‌
For many countries, the most devastating problem to Injustice
of all consists of famines, defined as the widespread
denial of access to food and, as a result, mass
starvation. In China’s famine of the late 1950s, for
example, about thirty million people died. Is free
speech a luxury for nations concerned about famine
prevention? Would it be better for such nations
to give a (b) high priority not to democracy and
free speech but instead to economic development?
Actually these are (c) foolish questions. Consider
the remarkable finding by the economist Amartya
Sen that in the history of the world, there has never
been a famine in a system with a democratic press
and free elections. Sen’s starting point, which he
02 22053-0084
밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은

also demonstrates empirically, is that famines are
것은?
a (d) natural product, not an inevitable product of
scarcity of food. Whether there will be a famine as ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
opposed to a mere (e) shortage depends on people’s
“entitlements” — that is, what they are able to get.
Even when food is limited, entitlements can be
allocated in such a way as to ensure that no one
will starve.
✽entitlement: (사회 보장·실직 수당 따위의) 수급권, 수혜권
책1.indb 74 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:38

[03~04] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

03 22053-0085
Ecophysiology has revealed a number of specific 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

adaptations for different environments. For
① Impacts of Climate Change on Animals
example, animals that live in colder regions tend
‌
② Vital Resources Animals Share for Survival
to have larger bodies and smaller legs, ears, and
③ Safety Benefits of Relationships Between Animals
tails than related species living in warmer climes.
‌
④ Species That Migrate to Find Safer Temperatures
A larger body has a smaller surface-area-to-mass
‌
⑤ Physical Adaptations That Regulate Animals’
ratio, and therefore loses heat more (a) slowly,
‌
Body Temperature
while smaller appendages reduce exposure to
frostbite.
I n t h e m o s t ex t r e m e c o l d , t h e f e e t o f a
warm-blooded animal are at risk of becoming
frozen to the ground. Mammals in Arctic regions
such as musk oxen and polar bears are adapted for
life in these conditions by having (b) thick hairs to
protect their feet from the cold.
In the Antarctic, the undersides of penguins’
feet are protected by a thick layer of fat. Penguins
also have a heat-exchange (or counter-current)
mechanism in their legs. The warm blood arriving
from the body is cooled to near 32°F (0°C) by
the chilled blood arriving from the feet, which
(c) warms to the body temperature in the process. 04 22053-0086
Gazelles in Africa use a similar counter-current 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은
것은?
system to cool their body temperature. They are
able to chill the blood entering their head, giving ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
them an advantage over their predators, who often
overheat. Camels have a heat-exchange system in
their nasal cavity, which (d) reduces the amount of
water lost in their breath. Hot, dry air is inhaled
and mixes with moisture inside the nose before
traveling to the lungs. The exhaled air is much
cooler than the air outside, so most of the moisture
it carries (e) disappears in the nose. This creates
the cool, damp conditions needed to chill the next
in-breath.
✽ecophysiology: 환경[생태] 생리학
✽✽appendage: 부속지(동물의 몸통에 붙어 있는 다리, 꼬리, 지느러미 등의 부위)
✽✽✽frostbite: 동상

책1.indb 75 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:38
Chapter
18 장문의 이해 (2): 1지문 3문항

유형 소개
■ (A),‌
(B), (C), (D)로 구성된 장문을 읽고, 글의 순서 배열, 지칭 대상 파악, 세부 내용 파악 등 세 가지 유형의 문항을 해결해야 한다.
■글 전체를 훑어 읽으면서 사건의 줄거리와 시간의 흐름을 파악하며, 세 개의 문항에 종합적으로 접근하는 것이 문제 해결에 필수적이다.
‌
다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
(A)
All through the years, Claire’s bond with animals has remained strong, and has remained a
major factor in her life. Once, Claire and her husband, Tony, were walking along the beach in
Great Yarmouth, in Norfolk, when they noticed some sort of fuss going on a little way ahead
of them. As they reached the spot they saw that (a) several young lads were standing in a circle,
looking at something on the ground. ✽fuss: 소동

(B)
Claire asked why (b) they hadn’t taken it to a rescue centre, because apart from anything else
it would soon give way to hypothermia with the oil all over it. The boys replied that they didn’t
want to try and pick it up in case the bird bit them. It was a fearsome-looking bird, it’s true,
about the size of a goose with a large, curved beak, and Claire didn’t blame (c) them for being
wary, but the bird cried out to her for help. ✽hypothermia: 저체온증 ✽✽wary: 경계하는

(C)
Claire looked at Tony, and with a ‘here we go again’ expression on his face he watched her
walk up to the bird, pick it up and tuck it under her arm. She wasn’t being brave. She knew
it wouldn’t bite because it had told her so, just as it had told her it wouldn’t run or struggle.
(d) They took it to the coast guard station, and one of the officers phoned for a rescue centre to
come and get it. At least the boys had cared, even if they hadn’t really known the best thing to do!
(D)
Being curious, they stopped to see what was going on. A big bird was standing on the sand.
The boys were throwing it bits of bacon, which it was gobbling down greedily. That was nice of
(e) them. The awful thing was that the bird was covered in oil. In that state it could neither swim,
fly nor preen its feathers, and it certainly couldn’t get any more food or, more importantly, water
for itself. The boys told Claire and Tony they’d been keeping it alive for two days by feeding it
scraps. ✽gobble: 게걸스럽게 먹다 ✽✽preen: (부리로) 다듬다 ✽✽✽scraps: 남은 음식

01 22053-0087

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D) ③ (C)-(D)-(B) ④ (D)-(B)-(C) ⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)

www.ebsi.co.kr
02 22053-0088

밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
03 22053-0089

윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
① Claire는 해변을 걷다 앞에서 소동이 벌어지는 것을 알아차렸다.

‌
② 소년들은 자신들이 새에게 물렸다고 말했다.
‌
③ Claire는 새를 들어 올려 겨드랑이에 꼈다.
‌
④ 새는 기름에 뒤덮여 있었다.
‌
⑤ 소년들은 자신들이 이틀간 새에게 먹이를 줬다고 말했다.
‌
Step 1 글 전체를 훑어 읽으면서 중심 내용을 파악한다.

Claire가 남편과 산책을 하다가 기름에 뒤덮여 있는 새를 구조하는 일화이다.

Step 2 각 단락의 중심 내용과 단서를 찾아 글의 순서를 파악한다.
1. Claire와 그녀의 남편 Tony가 해변을 걷다 소년들이 둥그렇게 모여 서 있고 소동이 벌어지고 있는 것을 알아차
‌
렸다는 내용의 주어진 글 (A)에 이어, 기름에 뒤덮여 있는 새에게 소년들이 남은 음식을 이틀간 먹여 왔다고 말
하는 내용의 (D)가 이어져야 한다. 이어서 소년들은 새가 자신들을 물까 봐 구조 센터로 데리고 가지 못했다는
내용의 (B)가 오고, 마지막으로 Claire가 새를 구조하는 내용인 (C)가 오는 것이 자연스러운 글의 흐름이다.
→ 따라서 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은 ④이다.
Step 3 선택지에 제시된 지칭 대상과 세부 내용을 확인한다.
2. (a), (b), (c), (e)는 모두 새에게 먹이를 주던 소년들(several young lads)을 가리키고, (d)는 Claire와 그녀
‌
의 남편 Tony를 가리킨다.
→ 따라서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은 ④이다.
3. (B)에서 그 소년들은 그 새가 자신들을 물까 봐 그것을 들어 올리고 싶지 않았다고 대답했다.
‌
→ 따라서 글의 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은 ②이다.

 bond 유대(감), 인연  spot 지점

 lad 사내아이, 소년  rescue 구조
 give way to ~을 이기지 못하다  reply 대답하다
 in case ~할까 봐, ~할 경우에 대비해서  bite 물다 (-bit-bitten)
 fearsome 무시무시한  goose 거위
 curved 구부러진  beak 부리
 cry out for ~을 간절히 바라다  tuck 집어넣다
 struggle 몸부림치다  coast guard station 해안 경비대 초소
 greedily 욕심껏, 욕심부려  awful 끔찍한
 feather 깃털  alive 살아 있는

책1.indb 77 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:38
[01~03] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. one of them and once he had collected a huge
(A) amount, he would dig a pit, and place them there.
Once there was an aged vegetable vendor who
(D)
began each day by arranging vegetables of the
Soon the vegetable vendor grew very old. Death
choicest quality on the racks. By evening, he would
seemed to loom large on the horizon. As (e) he lay
sell all the vegetables. As the vegetable vendor got
in bed, the young grandson took good care of him,
on in years, his little grandson grew up too. The
and was always by his side. He often heard the
boy now wished to accompany his grandfather to
grandfather praying to God: “My gracious Father,
work. So the vegetable vendor took (a) him along
kindly accept me as one more counterfeit coin
every day to sell vegetables. The grandchild was a
amongst the many others.” From his grandfather’s
sharp boy, quick in calculating and collecting the
prayers, the grandson realised that everyone’s life
correct amount of money. But the grandchild soon
was just like a counterfeit coin, which would some
noticed something very strange happening — some
day cease to be in circulation and be buried and
of the customers would pay them with counterfeit
forgotten.
coins instead of genuine ones. The child brought ✽loom: 다가오다, 나타나다
this to his grandfather’s notice.
✽vendor: 행상인 ✽✽counterfeit: 가짜의
(B) 01 22053-0090
Unable to contain his curiosity any more, the 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장
grandson asked the reason behind this strange act. 적절한 것은?
After much persuasion, the grandfather finally ① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D)

‌
‌
explained the reason behind his actions. “I have ③ (C)-(D)-(B) ④ (D)-(B)-(C)
‌
‌
been collecting these coins so that the number of ⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)
‌
counterfeit coins in circulation will reduce and
then deceitful customers will have less scope to
cheat innocent people. Perhaps one day, all the 02 22053-0091
counterfeit coins will disappear from the market.” 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른
The young boy was satisfied with this answer 것은?
and respected him for his reasoning. He did not ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
question (b) his practice again.
(C) 03 22053-0092
But his grandfather still continued to readily 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
accept the coins instead of refusing them. The
① 손자는 정확한 액수의 돈을 계산해 받는 데 빨랐다.
young child always wondered why (c) he did not
‌
② 할아버지는 가짜 돈의 유통을 줄이기 위해 그것을 모아 왔다
take any action against the particular customers
‌
고 말했다.
who gave him counterfeit coins. What was even
③ 손자는 할아버지의 대답에 만족했다.
more surprising was that (d) he would not pass on
‌
④ 손자는 할아버지 몰래 가짜 돈을 구덩이에 묻었다.
any of the counterfeit coins. Instead, he kept each
‌
⑤ 손자는 할아버지가 신에게 기도하는 것을 자주 들었다.
‌
책1.indb 78 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:38

[04~06] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. pages was damaged: the cat that was chasing the
(A) little mouse across the page had been torn from
When Sarah was six years old, just before the book — all that remained was some ragged
Christmas time, she was at the grocery store with paper and glue where the cat once sat. Sarah was
her mother. At the checkout she saw the perfect gift devastated, and with tears she told her mother the
for her little sister: a Mercer Meyer pop-up book. state of the book, knowing that there’d be no way
Sarah thought Amy, her little sister, would love it. to get a new book from the store before Christmas.
So Sarah asked her mother to add the book to the Mother dried Sarah’s tears and encouraged (e) her
groceries she was purchasing. On Christmas Eve, to wrap the gift anyway.
✽ragged: 너덜너덜한
Sarah went to wrap up the book. But before (a) she
did, she decided to look through the book and read
the story.
(B)
04 22053-0093
주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장

On Christmas morning, Amy opened the gift 적절한 것은?
from (b) her elder sister. As Amy did so, Sarah
① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D)
apologized in advance for the condition of the gift.
‌
‌
③ (C)-(D)-(B) ④ (D)-(B)-(C)
Once it was fully opened, Sarah went to show Amy
‌
‌
⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)
the page that was damaged. But to her shock, the
‌
cat was right there on the page! And Sarah could
pull the lever and the cat would scurry across the
page. It was a Christmas miracle! She was confused
but very happy that (c) her gift for Amy was perfect.
✽scurry: 종종걸음을 치다
05 22053-0094
(C) 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른

A few years later, Sarah was examining the 것은?
pop-up book when she noticed that the cat wasn’t ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
quite the same style as the rest of the book — it
was drawn on slightly glossier paper than the rest
of the book and the lines were a lot darker, almost
as if they were drawn with a felt pen. Her mother,
a gifted artist, had unwrapped the Christmas gift,
hand-drawn and colored a replacement cat, and 06 22053-0095
glued the newly-created cat into the book. Then, 윗글의 Sarah에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
(d) she wrapped the gift up again and returned ① 식료품을 살 때 책도 같이 사 달라고 어머니에게 부탁했다.
‌
it to the Christmas tree without ever letting her ② 선물의 상태에 대해 Amy에게 미리 사과했다.
‌
heartbroken daughter know. ③ 고양이가 그려진 종이가 책의 나머지와 다른 것을 몇 년 후
‌
✽glossy: 광택 나는 ✽✽felt pen: 사인펜 에 알게 되었다.
(D) ④ 구입한 책의 한 페이지가 손상된 것을 발견했다.

‌
That’s when Sarah discovered that one of the ⑤ 성탄절 전에 책을 새것으로 교환할 수 있다는 것을 알았다.
‌

책1.indb 79 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:38
MEMO
080~168_수능완성(영어)본문실전-8.indd 80 2022-05-10 오후 7:20:33

영어영역 영어
실전 모의고사 1회
실전편


04 22053-0099
대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르

시오.

는 한 번만 들려주고, 16번부터 17번까지는 두 번 들려줍니다. 방
송을 잘 듣고 답을 하시기 바랍니다.
①
WN
SUNNY HILL TO
01 22053-0096
②
③
⑤
시오.
① 손 씻기 교육 캠페인 우수 사례를 소개하려고 ④

② 학교 화장실을 청결하게 사용하도록 당부하려고
③ 전염병 예방 교육 비디오의 시청 감상문을 모집하려고
④ 손 씻는 방법에 관한 교내 캠페인이 진행됨을 알리려고
⑤ 교내에 새로 설치된 손 씻는 시설의 활용을 권유하려고
02 22053-0097
대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① 식단을 짤 때는 맛보다 영양의 균형을 먼저 고려해야 한다.

② 공복 상태에서의 운동은 부정적인 효과를 낳을 수 있다.
‌
③ 영양 보충제 구매 시 주요 성분을 꼼꼼히 살펴야 한다.
‌
④ 운동 직후 단백질을 섭취하면 근육 발달이 촉진된다.
⑤ 단백질 섭취에서는 양보다 질이 더 중요하다.
03 22053-0098 05 22053-0100
대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오. 대화를 듣고, 남자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① 코치 - 주장 선수 ① 조별 과제 정리하기
② 상담사 - 내담자 ② 도서관 개관 시간 확인하기
③ 헬스 트레이너 - 헬스장 회원 ③ 사회 시험 기출 문제 복사하기
④ 기자 - 스포츠 분석가 ④ 도서관 그룹 스터디룸 예약하기
⑤ 경기 심판 - 팀 감독 ⑤ 친구에게 바뀐 공부 장소 알려 주기

06 22053-0101 09 22053-0104
대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점] Goodfriends Communications Center의 비디오 제작 강좌에
관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.
① $9
② $10 ① 7월 1일부터 3주 동안 진행된다.
③ $11 ② 유명 온라인 비디오 크리에이터의 특별 강연이 있다.
④ $12 ③ 저소득 가정을 위한 수강료 할인이 있다.
⑤ $13 ④ 최대 30명으로 인원이 제한된다.
⑤ 전화 통화와 문자 메시지로 등록을 확인해 준다.
07 22053-0102
대화를 듣고, 남자가 여행용 가방 주문을 취소한 이유를 고르

시오.
① 여행이 취소되어서
② 색이 마음에 들지 않아서
③ 예상보다 크기가 너무 작아서
④ 삼촌으로부터 여행용 가방을 얻어서
⑤ 가격이 더 싼 다른 가방을 사게 되어서
10 22053-0105
다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 남자가 주문할 자전거용 신발을
08 22053-0103
고르시오.
대화를 듣고, Kingston Bookmark Design Competition에 Bicycle Shoes

관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오. Number
Model Material Color Price
of Dials
① 주최 기관
① A Mesh Fabric Black 1 $ 65
② 참가 대상 ② B Mesh Fabric White 2 $ 71
③ 주제 ③ C Mesh Fabric Light Grey 2 $ 85
④ 심사 기준 ④ D Mesh Fabric Light Blue 1 $ 93
⑤ 수상 혜택 ⑤ E PVC Yellow 2 $ 108

www.ebsi.co.kr
11 22053-0106 14 22053-0109
대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장
적절한 것을 고르시오. 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① Right. I got it from the used bookstore. Man:

② Okay. I’ll bring it back to you tomorrow.
① I agree. You can borrow my skateboard.
③ Yeah. He’s writing another book about it.
② Don’t worry. You’re never too old to learn.
④ Perfect. I can go to the library this evening.
③ Absolutely. We can go to the dance class
⑤ Sorry. I don’t want to share my book with him.
‌
together.
④ Good idea. I can teach you how to bake this
‌
weekend.
⑤ I feel sorry for you. You could improve your
12
‌
22053-0107
social skills.
대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장
적절한 것을 고르시오.
① No, you don’t have to. Let me drive for you

‌
tonight.
② I agree. We should make a spare set of keys just
‌
in case.
③ I’m so forgetful! I need to put things back after
‌
using them.
④ I should’ve told you. Maybe they slipped out of
‌
your pocket.
⑤ Okay. I’ll bring your coat to the cleaner’s after I
‌
get the keys.
13 22053-0108

적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]
Woman:
15 22053-0110
다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Henry가 Jenny에게 할 말로 가장 적절한

① Well, I don’t start my presentation with 것을 고르시오. [3점]
‌
questions. Henry:
② Right. Your voice will get higher when giving a
‌
presentation. ① I can teach you effective note-taking skills.
③ Exactly. I think your presentation slides have too ② It’s very important to study with short breaks.
‌
much information. ③ How about setting more achievable study goals?
④ No. Just memorize the key points and practice ④ I strongly believe you’ll do well on the final
‌
‌
delivering them naturally. exams.
⑤ I agree. You can think more critically by ⑤ Why don’t you find a friend to study with in
‌
‌
memorizing essential facts. your class?

[16 ~ 17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오. 18 22053-0113
다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

16 22053-0111
남자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Dear Parents,
① foods that can be used as cleaning supplies As you know, our school name and logo
② proper ways to wash vegetables and fruits will officially change this upcoming semester.
③ how to choose fresh fruits and vegetables However, students will be permitted to wear
④ best ways to store food in your fridge their current school uniforms — they don’t
⑤ superfoods that help you detox need to purchase new ones with the new
school name and logo. We will provide new
school logo patches to cover the existing logos
on school jackets and shirts. These patches
need to be ironed on and left to cool to ensure
all edges and corners are firmly attached. We
will distribute the patches on Tuesday and
Wednesday of next week. If you have any
questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to contact
the school office.
Yours sincerely,
17 22053-0112 Paul Woods
언급된 식품이 아닌 것은? Principal
① lemon
② vinegar ① 다음 학기부터 바뀔 학교명과 교표를 공지하려고
③ onion ② 새 교표 패치 배부와 부착법에 대해 안내하려고
④ ketchup ③ 올바른 교복 세탁 및 관리 방법을 소개하려고
⑤ cucumber ④ 교복 구매 비용 인상 이유에 대해 해명하려고
⑤ 교복 디자인 변경에 대한 의견을 요청하려고
이제 듣기 문제가 끝났습니다. 18번부터는 문제지의 지시에 따

라 답을 하시기 바랍니다.

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19 22053-0114 20 22053-0115
다음 글에 드러난 Micol의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Micol’s family arrived in Clove by boat, in the Many students hear stories of what college is like
middle of the night. Micol was stunned by the from friends and family, but some of these tales
lights on the water and the web of canals they had contain misinformation that can actually hurt their
to negotiate to get to the host family’s house. The college performance. For example, Andrew, one of
whole of Clove looked like a beautiful museum. our students, recently missed class because he was
She was speechless with the beauty of the city. It running late and heard from his brother that you
was as if she was in a palace built with precious shouldn’t bother to even go to class if you will be
gemstones. But then dawn rose, and she could more than ten minutes late. He told Andrew that
see the decaying buildings, smell the foulness of professors don’t let anyone in when they are so
the water, and feel in her bones how everything late. Although this may be true for some classes,
was rotting. Clove had awfully betrayed her it was not for ours, and Andrew missed some very
expectations. “Welcome to the most beautiful important information (and was not able to turn in
place in the world,” her family’s host said around an assignment due that day, so he also lost some
the breakfast table, and her brothers agreed. Micol points). The moral of this story is to find out your
guessed they were just being polite, but she didn’t professors’ rules for attendance and follow them —
want to hide her feelings. She frowned and stared don’t take it for granted that the rules are the same
at her plate. in all cases, and don’t rely on another student’s
✽foulness: 불결함 “expertise.” Go to the source of the information
you want.
① fascinated → disappointed
② grateful → sympathetic ① 대학 선배들의 경험담을 통해 정보를 최대한 수집하라.
③ desperate → jealous ② 모르는 것이 있으면 주저하지 말고 동료에게 도움을 청하라.
④ curious → relieved ③ 학점에 연연하지 말고 자신의 진로와 관련된 강좌를 수강
‌
⑤ shocked → guilty 하라.
④ 대학에서 나태한 생활에 빠지지 말고 스스로 규칙을 세워 지
‌
키라.
⑤ 대학 생활에 관한 충고를 그대로 따르기보다 직접 정보를 확
‌
인하라.

21 22053-0116 22 22053-0117
밑줄 친 Fishiness really is an attitude as well as a smell.이 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
The accessibility of your information’s designated
In English, we say that something suspicious home can determine how well you maintain the
smells ‘fishy’ or we ‘smell a rat’. Researchers at data in that location. Your data and information
the University of Michigan have investigated the must be easy to access and retrieve; otherwise, you
suspicious nature of fishy smells, and they have are unlikely to put information in its designated
found that the connection between smell and home. Maybe you want to put a paper document
emotion works both ways. Fishy smells make in its proper file but aren’t willing to leave your
us suspicious; and being suspicious makes us desk, walk three steps to the right, lift up your arm,
more sensitive to fishy smells. So they tested the pull open a drawer that is difficult to open, find the
ability of subjects to spot misleading information file, and then put the information inside the file
and to distrust it. A slight whiff of fish oil in (which is too full to hold anything more, anyway).
the air, they found, made it more likely that Or, maybe you don’t want to take the time to click
people would scrutinise unreliable information through five or six icons and files in a directory
with suspicion, and less likely that they would to access a file for updating electronic data. So,
accept it unthinkingly. They also created the instead of going through all that effort, you’ll
opposite scenario — by getting a researcher to act decide to put that information right there on your
suspiciously during a smell test, they found that desk, where it stays and becomes slowly buried
people whose suspicion was aroused were more under lots of other inaccessible information.
likely to discern fishy smells, and better able to
label them correctly. An atmosphere of suspicion ① 저장된 자료는 시간이 지남에 따라 그 유용성이 줄어든다.
sharpened their response only to fishy smells, not ② 긴급히 필요한 자료일수록 눈에 잘 띄는 곳에 두는 것이
‌
좋다.
to other smells. Fishiness really is an attitude as
well as a smell. ③ 자료를 먼저 훑어본 다음 저장하면 더욱 자주 활용할 수
‌
✽whiff: ✽✽scrutinise:
있다.
확 풍기는 냄새 면밀히 조사하다
✽✽✽arouse: 자극하다 ④ 저장하려는 자료를 주제에 따라 목록화하면 필요할 때 찾기
‌
쉽다.
① Being suspicious and the smell of fish are ⑤ 자료를 보관할 때는 저장과 접근의 용이성을 고려하는 것이
‌
‌
closely interrelated. 중요하다.
② Suspicion comes from either intuition or others’
‌
responses.
③ The sense of smell is the most direct among all
‌
senses.
④ Fishy smells make people insensitive to other
‌
odors.
⑤ Unpleasant smells can make people more critical.

www.ebsi.co.kr
23 22053-0118 24 22053-0119
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Starting in the 1980s, in the hierarchy of joggers Once at the ancient Olympic Games, the visitors
it felt natural to aim to complete a city marathon. It endured exceptionally harsh living conditions.
was not only a test of manhood; it was also a proud, Even though Olympia was a stunning place and
if breathless, symbol of mankind’s need to take on very quiet, its location was very isolated: an ancient
physical challenges in the company of others. The Bridge to Nowhere. There was just a lone inn,
lives of most joggers did not involve hard physical which only the more fortunate people occupied.
teamwork in agriculture or industry and by running The remainder of the travelers either pitched a tent
in a crowd they experienced companionship and a or resided on a choice spot in the open countryside,
sense of belonging at the same time as satisfying exposed to the elements. Since the games were
their competitive instincts. They felt inner joy and held during the summertime, when the weather was
intense pain on a number of levels, at the same time incredibly hot and dry, nobody could wash or drink
as feeling pride and exclusiveness in that they were water from the two nearby rivers, which had dried
sharing a starting line with the international elite. up. People routinely collapsed from heatstroke,
The city marathon was a journey into a fascinating and the place stunk to high heaven from body odor
urban jungle, a voyage into the unexplored and complete lack of sanitation. While observing
areas of the soul and an expansion of one’s own the Games, there were no seats, only grassy banks
physical horizons. Races like this, even those over where most people would stand and watch. The
shorter distances, among tourist attractions and origin of the word stadium is derived from the
skyscrapers, would become a memory for life. Greek word stadion, which means a place to stand.
✽sanitation: 위생 시설
① reasons city marathons were popular among
‌
joggers ① Crowds: An Ever-Existing Feature of Spectator
‌
② differences between elite runners and amateur Sports
‌
joggers ② Endurance: A Virtue Praised by the Ancient
‌
③ competitive instincts displayed in city marathons Greeks
④ physical abilities required to run a city marathon ③ Attending the Ancient Olympics: Far from
‌
⑤ positive impacts of city marathons on host cities Comfortable
‌
④ The Ancient Olympics: Citizen-Only
‌
Entertainment
⑤ Gaps Between Assumptions for and Realities of
‌
the Ancient Olympics

25 22053-0120 26 22053-0121
다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? Jane Addams에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Australian Global Sheep Meat Exports Jane Addams was born in Cedarville, Illinois
Quarter1 Quarter2 Quarter3 Quarter4
in 1860. Addams was among the first American
160,000
women to graduate from college. Frustrated by the
140,000
lack of opportunities available to intelligent and
120,000 ambitious young women, she traveled to Europe
Tonnes
100,000 with a college friend, Ellen Gates Starr. While in

80,000 London, they were inspired by Toynbee Hall, a
60,000 house where college-educated people volunteered
0 to help poor local residents. On returning to
2016 2017 2018 2019
Chicago, Addams and Starr founded a similar
The above graph shows Australian global sheep type of settlement house for poor people. Later,
meat exports by quarter from 2016 to 2019. she became motivated to physically improve her
① Global sheep meat exports in the first and second neighborhood. When the city ignored her reports
quarters decreased from 2016 to 2017, but they on the garbage administration conditions, she
increased from 2017 to 2019. ② The global sheep tried to get a job as a garbage collector. The city
meat exports in the third quarter increased from of Chicago did not give her that job, but in 1895,
2016 to 2018, but dropped to under 100,000 tonnes appointed her the inspector of garbage. Throughout
in 2019. ③ The fourth quarter saw a steady increase her life, Addams was an advocate for the underclass
in global sheep meat exports from 2016 to 2019, and also a leader of progressive movement. In
recording more than 140,000 tonnes of exports in 1931, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
2019. ④ From 2017 to 2019, the fourth quarters Addams published eleven books, including her
showed the largest amount of global sheep meat autobiography, which is still read widely.
exports among the four quarters. ⑤ In each of the ✽settlement house: 사회 복지관
four years covered in the graph, the third quarter
had the smallest amount of global sheep meat ① 대학 친구와 함께 유럽으로 여행을 떠났다.
exports among the four quarters, except in 2018, ② London에서 Toynbee Hall에 의해 영감을 받았다.
when the exports of the third quarter were under ③ 쓰레기 관리 상태에 관한 보고서가 시로부터 주목받았다.
100,000 tonnes. ④ Chicago 시의 쓰레기 감시관으로 임명되었다.

⑤ 11권의 책을 출간했고, 자서전이 여전히 널리 읽힌다.

www.ebsi.co.kr
27 22053-0122 28 22053-0123
Paint Recycling Drop-Off Event에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 Heritage Soul Food Cook-Off에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일
일치하지 않는 것은? 치하는 것은?
Paint Recycling Drop-Off Event Heritage Soul Food Cook-Off

F r e e a n d o p e n t o L aw r e n c e C o u n t y CALLING ALL COOKS!
residents only Come and showcase
Date and time: Saturday, September 24th, 8:00 your soul food cooking talents!
AM – 12:00 PM Free to enter!
Location: Madera District Fairgrounds —
Saturday, October 22nd, 11 AM – 5 PM
Parking Lot B
Harrison Community Center
WE ACCEPT: Food drop-off until 1 PM
– House paint
Categories: Entrées, Side Dishes, Desserts
– Deck and concrete sealers
The Finer Details:
– Glues
– There will be prizes for the first-place winners
* Note: Paint must be sealed, in the original
‌
‌
in each category.
container with the original manufacturer label.
– Cooks do not need to be present at the time of
‌
WE DO NOT ACCEPT: judging.

– Spray paint – Winners will be announced at 3:30 PM.
‌
– Containers larger than 5 gallons – Entries will be judged on a scale of 1 – 10 on

‌
Prior to drop-off, please: the following:

– Register online or call (855) 234 – 8909. Creativity / Taste / Soul Food Authenticity
‌
– Load the paint materials in your vehicle’s

‌
– Entrants must bring prepared food. (Heating
‌
trunk. devices will be provided.)
When you drop off, please: After judging, the remaining food will be served
– Unlock your vehicle’s trunk. to eat.
– A llow event staff to remove the paint
‌ Register by email: harrisoncenter@goodmail.
containers from your vehicle. org
For questions, visit http://www.harrisoncenter.
To learn more, visit www.recyclepaint.org.
org and click the related link.
✽entrée: 앙트레(주요리, 또는 주요리 앞에 나오는 요리)

① Lawrence County의 주민만 참여할 수 있다.
② 9월 24일 오전에 4시간 동안 개최된다. ① 경연에 참가할 음식은 오후 2시까지 제출해야 한다.
③ 페인트는 상표가 붙은 원래 용기에 밀봉되어 있어야 한다. ② 세 부문을 통틀어 종합 우승자 한 명에게 상이 주어진다.
④ 기부하는 페인트 용기의 크기에는 제한이 없다. ③ 요리한 사람은 심사 시간에 참석해야 한다.
⑤ 행사 요원이 차량에서 페인트 용기를 꺼내게 해야 한다. ④ 참가작은 세 가지 영역에서 1부터 10까지의 척도로 평가된다.
⑤ 데우는 도구는 제공되지 않으므로 가져와야 한다.

29 22053-0124 30 22053-0125
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점] 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은

것은?
It wasn’t long before the consequences of
completely getting rid of wolves in Yellowstone Imagine a population that consists of solid
became clear. No sooner was the pressure from citizens and shirkers. The solid citizens produce
predators ① lifted than elk populations began to a public good that is ① available to everybody,
increase steadily, and large areas of the park were including themselves. For purposes of the example,
stripped bare by the greedy animals. Riverbanks let’s say that the public good can be produced at
were particularly hard hit. The juicy grass by no cost to the solid citizens. Not only do they share
the river disappeared, along with all the saplings the richness, but they lose nothing by ② creating
② growing there. Now this barren landscape it. Even so, the solid citizens will not be favored
didn’t provide enough food even for birds, and the by natural selection in this example because the
number of species declined drastically. Beavers solid citizens and shirkers do not differ in their
were among the losers, because they depend not survival or reproduction. Natural selection requires
only on water but also on the trees ③ that grow by ③ differences in fitness so raising or lowering the
the river — willows and poplars are some of their fitness of everyone in the population has no effect.
favourite foods. They cut them down so they can If, as seems likely, the public good is costly to
get at the trees’ nutrient-rich new growth, ④ which produce, the solid citizens will go extinct, even
they devour with satisfaction. Because all the young if they share the benefits, because their private
deciduous trees alongside the water ⑤ was ending cost ④ enhances their fitness relative to the
up in the stomachs of hungry elk, the beavers had shirkers. Behaviors that are “for the good of the
nothing to gnaw on, and they disappeared. group” are at best ⑤ neutral (if the public good is
✽sapling: 묘목 ✽✽deciduous: 낙엽성의 ✽✽✽gnaw: 갉다
cost-free) and at worst maladaptive (if there is any
cost associated with producing the public good).
✽shirker: 게으름뱅이 ✽✽maladaptive: 비적응적인

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[31 ~ 34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

32 22053-0127
Language plays an important role in how we

31 22053-0126
think about people. Many philosophers in the
Basketball’s comparative lack of reliance upon Western tradition consider human language to
technology allows it to make better use of space be unique, and some even believe that language
than a game such as hockey. Hockey players — is fundamental to what makes us human. For
using fiberglass sticks, skating on a low-friction Aristotle, command of language was necessary
surface, and wearing extensive protective gear to make a distinction between good and bad, and
— move at a speed that reduces their freedom to so it determined who could belong to the political
explore. As a result, hockey players tend to race community. Descartes believed that we can deduce
swiftly from end to end with relatively few scoring from the fact that animals are unable to speak that
opportunities. Basketball, in contrast, makes little they do not think. The Enlightenment philosopher
use of technology. Players run, jump, and shoot Kant concluded that animals had no logos, or
virtually without the aid of technological devices. reason, and therefore fell outside the moral
Therefore the speed of the game is limited, not community. For the phenomenologist Heidegger,
by technology, but by . Plays language was so important for our place in the
happen as quickly as humans move — not as fast as world that those who have no language cannot
technology allows. This also explains why versions die; they simply disappear. All these philosophers
of basketball played on trampolines don’t grab us, defined language as human language, automatically
despite their heightened vertical appeal. We still excluding other animals. For them, language was
love the horizontal, organic quality of basketball . [3점]
that is lost when the game is transformed into a ✽deduce: 추론하다 ✽✽phenomenologist: 현상학자
technological sideshow that reduces the complexity

of lived space. ① connected to thinking itself, and viewed as an
‌
expression of reason
① vertical play ② a redundancy, only a time-consuming medium
‌
② surface material for communication
③ human possibility ③ loaded with implicit political meanings as well
‌
④ players’ motivation as direct messages
⑤ interpersonal distance ④ communicated as one’s unique responses to the
‌
outer world
⑤ used to reflect a person’s status in the social
‌
hierarchy

33 22053-0128 34 22053-0129
Most current social science is based on either Science and technology can be easily put to
analysis of laboratory phenomena or on surveys — the service of any decision. Science’s esoteric
that is, on descriptions of averages or stereotypes. character, its inaccessibility for many people,
These approaches don’t account for the complexity converts the scientific system into a resource that
of real life, when all of our mental quirks operate symbolizes independence and objectivity. That
at the same time. They also miss the critical is why science has frequently been hailed as an
fact that the details about the people we interact authority that can be employed for controversial
with, and how we interact with them, matter as decisions. But a degree of distrust has always
much as market forces or class structures. Social accompanied the development of science and
phenomena are really made up of billions of small technology, even though it does not seem that the
transactions between individuals — people trading future will be any different. A curious coincidence
not only goods and money but also information, occurs in contemporary society: the loss of fear and
ideas, or just gossip. There are patterns in those respect for authority figures and for governmental
individual transactions that drive phenomena such regulations is accompanied by a growing concern
as financial crashes and Arab springs. We need about the negative effects of technological and
to understand these micropatterns because they scientific progress. When we consider the problems
don’t just . of the environment, the consequences of using
Big data give us a chance to view society in all its certain technological devices, the perception that
complexity, through the millions of networks of not all social problems can be rationally controlled
person-to-person exchanges. [3점] or avoided or resolved through planning, it is
✽quirk: 별난 점 clear that science and technology no longer enjoy
general and unquestioned trust. It seems as if
① accumulate to cause meaningful impacts on
. [3점]
‌
society
✽esoteric: 난해한 ✽✽hail: 환영하다
② average out to the classical way of understanding
‌
society ① social problems are technical issues rather than
‌
③ reflect societal norms that determine how people political ones
‌
interact ② scientific and technological progress is far from
‌
④ create economic opportunities for those slowing down
‌
personally involved ③ every decision we make is accompanied by
‌
⑤ p r o v i d e s o c i a l g u i d e l i n e s t o f o l l ow i n several options
‌
interpersonal relationships ④ our decrease in fear is being compensated by an
‌
increase in concern
⑤ the technology that humanity possesses is not
‌
properly being applied

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[36~37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것

35 22053-0130
을 고르시오.
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Totemism is the symbolic association of plants,

36 22053-0131
animals or objects with individuals or groups of
people, and is a characteristic feature of traditional The format of the picture postcard was in
societies. ① In one of the most well-known its own time experienced as a revolutionary
analyses of totemism, Lévi-Strauss argues that it communications technology. Before the
is a common process in which the natural world is introduction of the postcard (initially without
divided into different groups of species and things any image) in 1867, the overwhelmingly most
in ways which reflect and create social differences. common way of corresponding with someone
② He argues that the term totemism covers
was by letter.
relations, posed ideologically between two series,
one natural the other cultural; that is, a natural (A) The postcard, in contrast, was the perfect
‌
object comes to stand for, or be the symbolic carrier of a short message without the apparatus
representation of, a tribe or a social group. ③ That of associated formal, taught conventions.
tribe is recognized by its use of the object and its And, even better, with a picture postcard
members’ shared appreciation of what the object writers could make their communication more
stands for. ④ Most primitive tribes have no writing appealing. It had the feel of sending a gift, yet
system, so it is not possible to learn much about at less cost than the effortful letter.
the nature of their past social institutions. ⑤ The
(B) Letters were, understandably, a focus of
‌
object is thus simultaneously a natural and a
education. People were taught at school about
cultural object; its meaning is closely tied to the
writing correctly, formatting letters and textual
ways in which it acts as a means of communicating
conventions. If they were insecure about their
the social hierarchies of the group for whom it has
knowledge, there were plenty of etiquette
cultural significance.
manuals and advice in the media about how to
do it properly.
(C) There was a tremendous choice of images
‌
available on postcards, not just scenes like local
castles but photographs of actresses and other
celebrities, cute cats and dogs, reproductions
of high art or popular culture items — really
almost any topic photographers and publishers
could think of. Or you could commission or
produce your own card.
✽apparatus: 장치, 기구
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

[38 ~ 39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장

37 22053-0132
적절한 곳을 고르시오.
The reproducibility of published results is

the backbone of scientific research. Objectivity 38 22053-0133
is crucial for science and requires that

observations, experiments and theories be In turn, your choices combine with those of
checked independently of their authors before many other toothpaste purchasers to determine
being accepted for publication. which brands remain on the market and which
ones fail and disappear.
(A) Unfortunately, this is not the case today, as
‌
Culture extends the degree of social participation
most peer-reviewed journals belong to a few
and interdependence. Much of what people do in a
major publishers, who keep scientific articles
culture is linked to other people and indeed to the
behind pay-walls. Since all over the world the
culture generally. ( ① ) Even a seemingly private
majority of research programs are supported by
activity such as brushing your teeth is a form of
public funds financed by taxpayers, not only
cultural participation. ( ② ) The brand of toothpaste
researchers, but everyone from everywhere
you choose reflects what the market has produced
should have access to scientific publications.
to offer you, and if there are several brands your
(B) C o n s e q u e n t l y, t h e s e t o f a l l s c i e n t i fi c
choice is probably shaped by cultural messages
‌
publications is the common heritage that
such as advertising slogans. ( ③ ) When a firm goes
researchers have collectively built over centuries,
bankrupt, many individuals lose their jobs, and
and are constantly developing. Given the
their families may face troubles. ( ④ ) Moreover,
constructive and universal nature of science,
brushing teeth is not instilled in our genes via
any researcher should have access, as early and
some evolutionary process that weeded out
easily as possible, to all scientific publications.
non-tooth brushers and left us all with an innate
(C) Indeed, a result to be recognized as scientific urge to brush. ( ⑤ ) On the contrary, you probably
‌
must be presented and explained in an article brush because you were taught to do so by your
which has been reviewed and accepted by peers, parents, and probably you sustain the practice
i.e., researchers able to understand, verify and, because you believe other people will like you
if necessary, correct it. It is only after successful better if your breath smells fresh and your teeth
peer review that a new result can be published look white.
and belongs to scientific knowledge. [3점] ✽instill: 주입하다 ✽✽weed out: ~을 제거하다
✽pay-wall: 유료화 벽(유료 구독자에게 이용을 한정하는 방식)
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

www.ebsi.co.kr
39 22053-0134 40 22053-0135
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에

However, it might reduce the advantage you 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
may have had if you were the only one to know Imagine offering a group of people either donuts
something or were allowed to exclude others or chocolate ice cream. The group is indifferent
from using what you know. overall, which means that half the people in the
group will choose donuts and the other half will
Today, in practice in industrialized countries, the
choose chocolate ice cream. Now imagine that
rationale for protecting the intangibles created by
a third option is introduced and in this case it is
intellectual property is essentially utilitarian — with
fish-flavored ice cream. The introduction of this
the utility focused on promotion of innovation on the
option, which is less preferred than the other
assumption that this will bring benefits for all. ( ① )
two options, can shift people’s choices between
For example, knowledge about how to make
donuts and chocolate ice cream. The attraction
something, unlike a physical object such as a piece
effect occurs when an unwanted option makes
of bread, can be used or consumed by one person
the option to which it compares most closely
without limiting its use by others. ( ② ) Sharing
seem more attractive, and leads people to choose
knowledge with others, then, does not reduce the
the comparatively better option. In this case, it is
amount you have, unlike sharing a piece of bread.
chocolate ice cream. The key to why this is such
( ③ ) The problem is that while the widest possible
an interesting effect is that the third option is
dissemination of new knowledge makes for the
undesirable and therefore irrelevant. Because no
greatest economic efficiency, if everybody is free to
one would ever choose fish-flavored ice cream, all
use new knowledge, inventors have little incentive
the people should still be undecided about whether
to invest in producing it. ( ④ ) The various forms
they want chocolate ice cream or donuts. But all of
of intellectual property stop that sharing (usually
a sudden, because of the fish-flavored ice cream,
temporarily) by transforming knowledge from a
the chocolate ice cream seems more appealing.
shared public good into a private good. ( ⑤ ) In

other words, intellectual property creates scarcity
where there need be none. [3점] Adding a less (A) option to an existing
✽intangible: 무형 자산 ✽✽dissemination: 보급, 유포 choice set increases the likelihood of people
choosing the option that can be its (B)
from the original set.
(A) (B)

① harmful ⋯⋯ threat
② popular ⋯⋯ reward
③ difficult ⋯⋯ benefit
④ restrictive ⋯⋯ obstacle
⑤ favorable ⋯⋯ alternative

[41 ~ 42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

41 22053-0136
The most plausible explanation for the science 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
communication problem is the public’s limited
① How to Improve Science Communication with
‌
capacity to comprehend science. The public is the Public
only (a) modestly science literate. About half, we ② Scientists’ Need to Fulfill Their Responsibility
‌
are regularly reminded, understands that the earth to the Public
orbits the sun in a year as opposed to a day; less ③ Importance of the General Public’s Views on
‌
than a quarter knows that nitrogen is the most Scientific Issues
common gas in the earth’s atmosphere; less than ④ Why It Is Hard for Scientists to Communicate
‌
10% can make sense of a two-by-two contingency with the Public
table essential to determining the ratio of true to ⑤ Natural Disasters That Scientists Cannot Predict
‌
false positives when assessing medical test results. with Reliability
So how can members of the public possibly be
expected to understand what scientists are saying
when scientists try to explain (b) complex issues
like climate change or nuclear power?
More important still, members of the public do
not think the way scientists do. They rely on rapid,
intuitive, affect-driven sources of information
processing to the (c) exclusion of the deliberate,
conscious, analytic ones essential to making
appropriate judgments of risk. As a result, they tend
42 22053-0137
to overestimate the magnitude of more emotionally
밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은
charged disasters (e.g., terrorist attacks) and 것은? [3점]
(d) discount more consequential but more temporally
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
or emotionally remote ones (e.g., the impact of
human-caused climate change). They also are
more likely to rely on defective heuristics, such
as crediting the opinions of their peers, a form of
reasoning that can (e) inhibit self-reinforcing states
of polarization.
✽contingency table: 분할표 ✽✽heuristics: 경험적 지식

www.ebsi.co.kr
[43 ~ 45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. (D)

(A) However, solving the problem turned out to be
University of Guelph (Canada) researcher hard. (d) The Cambodians were not rich enough to
Christopher Charles, with the help of two be able to afford red meat. Indeed, iron deficiency,
r e s e a r c h e r s f r o m R e s e a r c h D ev e l o p m e n t which affects approximately 3.5 billion people, is
International in Cambodia, took on the project of a disease of poverty. If the Cambodians were to
helping the Cambodians overcome (a) their iron cook in iron pots, that would work, but they found
deficiency. This deficiency led to anemia, with the the iron pots to be heavy and expensive and so they
associated problems of headaches and impaired would not use (e) them. Putting a piece of iron in
brain development for infants. Solving the problem their cooking pots while cooking food would also
seemed to be easy: get more iron into their diet. work, but the Cambodians disliked such designs as
✽anemia: 빈혈증 circles.
(B)
Fortunately, Mr. Charles came up with a design 43 22053-0138
that the Cambodians did like: the design of a fish 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장
that (b) they believed to be lucky. Mr. Charles said, 적절한 것은?
“Some nights I wondered what I had got myself
① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D)
into; here I was in a village with no running water,

③ (C)-(D)-(B) ④ (D)-(B)-(C)
no electricity, and no way to use my computer.”

⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)
He added, “We knew some random piece of ugly
metal wouldn’t work, so we had to come up with
an attractive idea. It became a challenge in social
marketing.”
44 22053-0139

(C)
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
The iron lucky-fish design worked. Mr. Charles
said, “The iron fish — 7.6 centimetres long and
about 200 grams — work by boiling them in water
or soup for a minimum of 10 minutes to enhance
the iron. We’re getting fantastic results; there seems 45 22053-0140
to be a huge decrease in anemia and the village 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
women say they feel good, no dizziness, fewer ① Christopher Charles 는 철분 결핍의 극복을 돕는
‌
headaches. The iron fish is incredibly powerful.” 프로젝트를 맡았다.
The iron fish will save the Cambodians and ② Christopher Charles는 수돗물과 전기가 없는 마을에
‌
improve the quality of (c) their lives. Mr. Charles 있었다.
said that he did learn an important lesson: “You can ③ 프로젝트 시행 후 마을 여성들은 두통이 줄어들었다고 말했다.
‌
have the best treatment in the world, but if people ④ 캄보디아 사람들의 철분 결핍 원인은 가난과 관련이 있었다.
‌
won’t use it, it won’t matter.” ⑤ 캄보디아 사람들은 원형 디자인의 철 조각을 매우 좋아했다.


04 22053-0144

시오.

④
01 22053-0141
②
다음을 듣고, 여자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르
시오. ③
① 시력 저하의 원인을 설명하려고 ①

⑤
② 시력 검사의 중요성을 강조하려고
③ 블루라이트 차단 안경을 홍보하려고
④ 눈 건강을 유지하는 방법을 알려 주려고
⑤ 시력 보호에 도움이 되는 식품을 소개하려고
02 22053-0142
대화를 듣고, 남자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① 역사관 확립을 위해 다양한 역사서를 읽어야 한다.

② 전기를 읽는 것은 역사를 이해하는 데 도움이 된다.
③ 여러 전기를 읽으면 인생의 롤모델을 찾을 수 있다.
④ 토론을 통해 역사 과목에 대한 흥미를 키울 수 있다.
⑤ 인문학적 소양을 기르기 위해 역사 공부는 필수적이다.
03 22053-0143 05 22053-0145
대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① 아나운서 - 배우 ① 저녁 식사 주문하기
② 무대 연출가 - 가수 ② 언니에게 전화하기
③ 방송 작가 - 소설가 ③ 발표 자료 찾기
④ 신문 기자 - 영화감독 ④ 해산물 사 오기
⑤ 라디오 쇼 진행자 - 만화가 ⑤ 디저트 만들기

www.ebsi.co.kr
06 22053-0146 09 22053-0149
대화를 듣고, 남자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점] 2022 Franklin Painting Contest에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일
치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.
① $27
② $30 ① 개교기념일을 기념하기 위해 개최된다.
③ $36 ② 참가자는 학교 잔디밭에서 그림을 그린다.
④ $40 ③ 참가자에게 그림 그릴 종이가 제공된다.
⑤ $46 ④ 그림의 주제는 대회 하루 전날 공지된다.
⑤ 다음 주 수요일까지 참가 신청을 할 수 있다.
07 22053-0147
대화를 듣고, 여자가 농구 시합을 관람하러 갈 수 없는 이유를

고르시오.
① 반려견을 산책시켜야 해서
② 엄마와 함께 외출해야 해서
③ 반려견을 홀로 집에 둘 수 없어서
④ 엄마 대신 어린 동생을 돌봐야 해서
⑤ 반려견을 동물 병원에 데려가야 해서
10 22053-0150
다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 여자가 주문할 주방 저울을 고르

시오.
Digital Kitchen Scales

Maximum
Model Color Surface Material Price
Weight
08 22053-0148 ① A Black 7 kg Glass $ 17

대화를 듣고, K-Culture Festival에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을
High Quality
고르시오. ② B Silver 10 kg $ 20
Glass
① 행사 기간 ③ C Silver 10 kg Stainless Steel $ 23
② 행사 장소
High Quality
③ 체험 활동 ④ D Silver 10 kg $ 26
Stainless Steel
④ 초대 가수 High Quality
⑤ E Silver 15 kg $ 29
⑤ 특별 공연 Glass

11 22053-0151 14 22053-0154
적절한 것을 고르시오. 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]
① Great. Then, there will be more space. Man:

② No problem. It shouldn’t be that difficult.
① I’m sorry, but I can’t cancel my application.
③ Sounds good. I’ll go with you to the store.
‌
② Then, I’ll check my schedule and discuss it with
④ Never mind. The lights just started working.
‌
you.
⑤ I’m afraid not. The wrong size got delivered.
③ Okay, then I’ll just have to wait for the next
‌
event.
④ Thanks, but you don’t have to change the
‌
location.
⑤ Really? Thank you for your special
‌
consideration.
12 22053-0152

① I’m sorry. I won’t let this happen again.

② Really? Then, I should ask her for help.
③ Great idea. I’ll reread my notes from class.
④ Of course. I’ve visited her office several times.
⑤ I’ll call you right away if I have any questions.
15 22053-0155
13 22053-0153 다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Claire가 David에게 할 말로 가장 적절한

대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 것을 고르시오. [3점]
Claire:
Woman:
① Try taking a shower alternately with hot and cold
‌
① That’s amazing! Now I really like science, too. water.
② Don’t worry. I’ll go to the school library with ② I think drinking a lot of warm water will possibly
‌
‌
you. help out.
③ Great! I’ll check if they have some good history ③ Let me go to my desk and get you one of my
‌
‌
books. painkillers.
④ Sure. I’ll help you organize and arrange your ④ Taking a hot bath for 30 minutes may relieve
‌
‌
books. your headache.
⑤ Me, too. I like reading science stories in history ⑤ It would be good to take a painkiller every day
‌
‌
books, too. before going to bed.

www.ebsi.co.kr
[16 ~ 17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오.

18 22053-0158

16 22053-0156
여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
① ways animals attract their prey Dear Mayor Simmons,

② food webs found in various habitats My children have been swimming at
③ methods animals use to avoid predators Clark Swim Center since they were five
④ types of messages animals send to humans years old. Through this, they have kept in
⑤ strategies animals employ for finding food great cardiovascular, as well as muscular,
‌
resources condition. The swim meets held at the
pool provide opportunities for neighbors to
compete and they encourage parents to work
together to host a successful swim meet.
When my family heard that the pool would
be closed from October, my kids were very
disappointed. I am strongly opposed to
the proposed measure to close down the
pool. Closing this pool would seriously
affect many kids and committed athletes.
While I understand the closure is related to
17 22053-0157
controlling the city budget, the swim center
언급된 동물이 아닌 것은?
serves a critical recreational need for local
① crows residents, especially children. I strongly
② gazelles request the city council reconsider closing
③ cheetahs it.
④ rabbits
Sincerely,
⑤ prairie dogs
David Robinson
✽cardiovascular: 심혈관의
① 어린이 수영 대회 개최를 제안하려고

② 어린이 전용 수영장 설치를 건의하려고
③ 수영장의 안전 점검 계획을 문의하려고
④ 수영장 폐장 계획을 재고할 것을 요청하려고
⑤ 수영장의 수질 관리 상황에 대해 항의하려고


19 22053-0159 20 22053-0160
다음 글에 드러난 ‘I’의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
It was a fresh autumn afternoon. The sun shone In the preschool environment, children are given
brightly against the changing leaves. My two dogs, an opportunity to engage in imaginative play and
Buddy and Eva, were in need of getting out so are able to further develop social skills learned
that’s just what we did. It was the best part of my from their families at home. However, in today’s
day. The cool air felt refreshing in my lungs as I high-pressure world, some preschools may be
jogged. The area I normally walk in was busy with overemphasizing academic materials more than
school children, so I took a different route. As I social skills and play. It is important for parents to
turned the corner next to a busy highway, both pups adequately research various preschool environments
alerted me that something was wrong by flanking to ensure that a preschool environment is the right
my sides and pressing their warm furry bodies fit for the child. Young children learn best through
against my yoga pants. Both of them growled low, hands-on, playful activities. Caregivers should
hair raised on their backs. I started to look around. be wary of preschools with too many academic
That was when I saw him. He was a large man with worksheets. For example, while parents often feel
slicked-back hair, a black coat, a large hooked nose great seeing a page where their child has written the
and sharp eyes. I thought he could attack me at letter B numerous times, the child may have been
any moment. A chill ran down my spine. The cool extremely frustrated completing the assignment if
refreshing air now burned my lungs. his or her fine motor skills were not ready. Having
✽flank: 측면에 서다 a child draw the letter in the sand with a stick may
be a better choice.
① bored → grateful ✽wary: 조심하는
② satisfied → jealous
③ delighted → scared ① 자연 친화적인 교육을 통해 아동의 정서적 안정감을 강화
‌
④ hopeful → sorrowful 해야 한다.
⑤ indifferent → gloomy ② 신체와 정서 발달을 위해 아동에게 적절한 휴식 시간을

‌
확보해 주어야 한다.
③ 미취학 아동에게 글자를 가르칠 때 도전적이고 흥미로운
‌
과제를 제시해야 한다.
④ 유치원은 아동의 연령별 발달 특성에 맞는 학습 공간과
‌
교수법을 개발해야 한다.
⑤ 취학 전 자녀에게 놀이의 기회가 부여되고 사회성 기술을
‌
발전시킬 교육 환경을 찾아 주어야 한다.

www.ebsi.co.kr
21 22053-0161 22 22053-0162
밑줄 친 the butterfly flapped its wings가 다음 글에서 의미하 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
Most people fear many things, both great and
Many species have languages; birds and baboons small, and though we may never have to face up to
can warn others in their group of the approach of our worst nightmares, few of us are unfamiliar with
predators. But animal languages can share only the the sweaty palms and parched lips that are typical
simplest of ideas, almost all of them linked to what physical accompaniments to the emotion of fear.
is immediately present, a bit like mime. Several Fear is not, of course, a pleasant sensation, and it
researchers have tried to teach chimps to talk, and often impedes our acting in the ways we think we
chimps can, indeed, acquire and use vocabularies of ought to. For those reasons, we might consider that
one or two hundred words; they can even link pairs humankind would have been better off if endowed
of words in new patterns. But their vocabularies with a literally fearless nature. But that would be
are small and they don’t use syntax or grammar, a big mistake. For frail and vulnerable creatures
the rules that allow us to generate a huge variety of like ourselves, a disposition to feel fear is a vital
meanings from a small number of verbal tokens. evolutionary acquisition, since it prompts us to take
Their linguistic ability seems never to exceed that care of ourselves in situations of danger. Those
of a two- or three-year-old human, and that is not who feared nothing would dare anything; and the
enough to create today’s world. And here’s where consequences would all too often be disastrous.
the butterfly flapped its wings. Human language Fear, it is true, sometimes applies the brakes too
crossed a subtle linguistic threshold that allowed sharply to our efforts; but it is better to possess
utterly new types of communication. Above all, brakes that are occasionally over-effective than to
human languages let us share information about have no brakes at all.
abstract entities or about things or possibilities that ✽parched: 바짝 마른 ✽✽impede: 방해하다, 지연시키다
are not immediately present and may not even exist
outside of our imagination. ① 두려움은 위험에서 우리를 보호해 주는 역할을 한다.
✽mime: 무언극 ✽✽syntax: 구문(론) ✽✽✽threshold: 한계점

② 실수하는 것을 두려워하면 어떠한 일도 해낼 수 없다.
③ 동일한 대상에 대한 두려움의 정도는 사람마다 다르다.
① Humans placed a priority on comprehending ④ 지나친 두려움은 과거의 정신적 상처와 연관되어 있다.
‌
abstract and vague words. ⑤ 신체 반응을 통해서 사람의 감정 상태를 추측할 수 있다.
② The rate at which animals learned by trial and
‌
error varied between species.
③ Humans evolved into more cooperative beings
‌
because of their social habits and conventions.
④ A large number of animals began to depend on
‌
both verbal and nonverbal communication to
express themselves.
⑤ Human language went beyond the limitations of
‌
animal language to evolve into more advanced
forms of communication.

23 22053-0163 24 22053-0164
Clean water is to fish what clean air is to people. In recent years, an increasing number of
Unfortunately, as a result of human activities, separation walls have been built around the world.
aquatic environments are being degraded as they It is estimated that in the last decade almost 40,000
receive excess sediments from deforested areas, kilometres of walls and fences have been built in 65
contaminated waters from cities and agricultural major projects. Observers regularly voice worries
fields, and other human and animal wastes. Located about the current worldwide expansion of walls. By
at the interface between land and water, wetlands and large, it is assumed that their presence fosters
intercept water and sediments coming from divisions and inequality. In particular, walls built
uplands. In this position, wetlands act as natural in urban areas, where human density is higher and
filters where excess nutrients can be stored or social diversity more accentuated, have exacted a
transformed in the sediments or taken up by plants heavy toll in terms of political divisions, ecological
for growth. Contaminants (e.g., agrochemicals degradation and human suffering. At the same
and heavy metals) can be bound to sediments, time, however, homeless and displaced people,
dissolved in runoff water, or transformed to less unprotected by any wall, are often terrorised by
harmful forms by plants or microbes. Wetland irregular militias, kidnapped by criminal networks,
vegetation also slows runoff and traps sediments captured or evicted by state police, and have
that otherwise would go offshore, increasing water likewise endured terrible ordeals. In war zones, war
turbidity and sedimentation in the oceans. is increasingly using techniques of wall piercing.
✽sediment: 퇴적물 ✽✽microbe: 미생물 From time to time, walls are invoked, promised,
✽✽✽turbidity: 탁도, 혼탁한 정도
contested, challenged and struggled over. They
① ways to protect wetlands from contamination can be protective, but the protection they grant is
② the role of wetlands as natural water purifiers always selective to a significant degree.
✽militia: 민병대 ✽✽evict: 쫓아내다 ✽✽✽ordeal: 시련
③ typical characteristics used to identify wetlands
④ the correlation between wetlands and biodiversity ① Ecological Destruction Caused by Constructing
‌
⑤ the importance of clean water for aquatic species Walls
② What Makes People Build Walls Around Them?
③ Psychological Walls Harm Others over Time
④ When Did Humans Start Building Walls?
⑤ Walls: Do They Keep People Out or In?

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다음 표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? Sunbleak에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Top Ten Countries by Retail E-commerce Sales The Sunbleak is a surface-feeding fish that lives
and Year-Over-Year Percentage Change
in areas of Asia and Eastern Europe, favouring
in 2018 and 2019
slow-flowing and still waters. It is believed to have
2018 2019 2018 vs. 2019 been introduced into English fresh waters from
Country
(billion) (billion) % change
aquarium releases in Hampshire in the mid-1980s.
China $1,520.10 $1,934.78 27.3%
US $514.84 $586.92 14.0%
It is now recorded from lakes, rivers and brooks
UK $127.98 $141.93 10.9% across the country, particularly in southern counties,
Japan $110.96 $115.40 4.0% and is thought to be spreading. The Sunbleak is
South Korea $87.60 $103.48 18.1% bright silver in colour and can be easily identified
Germany $75.93 $81.85 7.8% by the incomplete lateral line that fades shortly
France $62.27 $69.43 11.5%
before the end of the pectoral fin. This species
Canada $41.12 $49.80 21.1%
grows to adult size very quickly and is capable of
India $34.91 $46.05 31.9%
Russia $22.68 $26.92 18.7%
breeding after only its first year of life. Eggs are
laid in the spring and summer months in batches
firmly glued to water plants, which the males then
The table above shows the retail e-commerce sales
guard to enhance the chances of survival.
of the top ten countries in 2018 and 2019 and the
✽lateral: 측면의 ✽✽pectoral fin: 가슴지느러미 ✽✽✽batch: 무더기
percentage change in sales between the two years.
① All ten countries showed an increase in retail ① 아시아와 동유럽 지역에서 산다.
e-commerce sales from 2018 to 2019. ② China ② 수족관에서 방류되어 영국의 민물에 처음 나타난 것으로
‌
ranked first, recording more than $1,500 billion 여겨진다.
of retail e-commerce sales in both 2018 and 2019, ③ 밝은 은색이고 불완전한 측면 선을 통해 쉽게 식별된다.
followed by the US. ③ The retail e-commerce sales ④ 성어 크기로 자라는 속도가 매우 느리다.
of the UK, Japan, and South Korea were over $100 ⑤ 봄과 여름에 알을 낳는다.
billion in 2019, but the percentage change of retail
e-commerce sales between the two years of Japan
was the second smallest among the ten countries.
④ The retail e-commerce sales of Germany were
larger than those of France both in 2018 and 2019,
but France showed a greater percentage change in
sales than Germany over the two years. ⑤ Canada,
India, and Russia all showed less than $50 billion in
retail e-commerce sales in 2018 and 2019, but India
showed the greatest percentage change in retail
e-commerce sales among the ten listed countries.

27 22053-0167 28 22053-0168
Ridgewood Community Center Ukulele Class에 관한 다음 2022 Marine Life T-shirt Design Contest에 관한 다음 안내문
안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
Ridgewood Community Center 2022 Marine Life T-shirt Design

Ukulele Class Contest
Learn to play the ukulele in a relaxed, fun-filled Show your creativity by entering the 2022
environment in the Ridgewood Community Marine Life T-shirt Design Contest! Your design
Center’s ukulele class! This eight-week class could be chosen as the official 2022 Marine
starts in the first week of November and will Life T-shirt.
meet on Thursdays from 6 pm to 7 pm. You will Rules
learn basic chords, strumming patterns, and • Designs will appear on the front of the shirt.
‌
chord chart reading, so by the end of the class • Designs must be entirely original. Use of
‌
you’ll be able to play a lot of fun songs! any copyrighted images is prohibited.
■Dates: November 3 to December 22 • Designs must include marine wildlife.
‌
■Age Range: 12 years old and above • Designs must be in color.

‌
■Class Length: 60 minutes • Any fonts used must be legally licensed for
‌
■Cost: $70 use in extended commercial production.

• Submissions should be sent to tshirtdesign@
■Additional Information:
‌
marinelife.org as JPEG or PDF files.

– There are no refunds or make-up classes.
‌
• All entry emails should have the subject line

– Participants must pay in full before the first
‌
‌
“2022 Marine Life T-shirt Design Contest.”

day of class.
• Judging will be based on originality, clarity
– Participants must bring their ukulele. (We
‌
‌
of message, and artistic quality.

do not offer loaner ukuleles.)
Submission Deadline: July 3, 11:59 pm
Call 724–822–4461 with questions or to sign
up.
① 디자인이 티셔츠의 뒷면에 들어가야 한다.
✽strum:
② 디자인은 완전히 독창적이어야 한다.
(현악기를) 튕기다, 가볍게 연주하다
③ 디자인은 흑백도 가능하다.
① 수업은 일주일에 한 번씩 진행된다. ④ 제출 작품의 파일 형식에는 제한이 없다.
② 기본 코드를 배울 수 있다. ⑤ 실용성이 심사 요소 중 하나이다.
③ 수강생의 나이에 제한이 있다.
④ 수업 첫날 전에 수강료 전액을 지불해야 한다.
⑤ 필요 시 수강생에게 악기를 대여해 준다.

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다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은

것은?
Have you ever seen a Siberian husky run on a
bright, cool day? You can practically see the joy The time has come to incorporate emotional
on its face as it does ① what it was bred to do. literacy into the school curriculum. It is not a
The husky is realizing its purpose for life — what new subject because feelings are at the ① heart
it is meant to be. The husky’s telos (Greek for of learning and living as a human being. It is
“direction” or “purpose”) — the reason humans simply a choice as to whether we consciously
have selectively bred them — is ② to be a helper manage them effectively and teach children how to
for humans. Specifically, they are bred to run, self-manage their feelings in an effective way using
pull sleds, and protect and ③ warm their humans the languages of the feeling life, or, whether we
in cool climates. ④ Contrasting that image with a ignore, repress or deny feelings and ② continue to
husky on a hot summer day in Southern California focus on cognitive literacy alone. When feelings are
as it is forced to walk slowly beside its human ③ addressed in schools, it is done using the verbal
caretaker. Its countenance is slightly bowed and languages of cognitive literacy. These languages
deflated, its mouth open, tongue lying limply out are ④ adequate for the task as evidenced by the
one side of its mouth. This contrast suggests that increasing number of feelings that manifest into
an individual husky shows signs of thriving when it challenging behaviours that need psychological
can run and pull and be near its human in a setting referral or psychiatric drug intervention in primary
⑤ appropriate to its physiology. These features school children. If we introduce emotional literacy
are part of the individual dimension of the husky’s and use the languages of the feeling life, which are
thriving. primarily non-verbal, to help children to identify
✽countenance: 얼굴 ✽✽deflated: 풀이 죽은
and process their basic human feeling states, then
✽✽✽limply: 흐느적거리면서 many of today’s school behavioural problems will
not ⑤ emerge.
✽referral: (사람을 전문적인 도움을 받을 곳으로) 위탁


32 22053-0172
The story behind the launch of the first cake mix

31 22053-0171
powders is a perfect example of post-rationalisation
Places like Rome and Xi’an and every other as a consequence of unconscious consumer
ancient metropolis represent a spectacular attitudes. The product in question started off with
change in the way that humans related to their very meagre sales. During marketing research,
environments and to one another. In urban consumers pointed out the product’s advantages
settlements, became the measure of (quick and easy to prepare) but also mentioned its
human relations. The first cities were larger than “artificial” taste and used this to explain why they
the largest family-like village, and the people who were not interested in buying it. However, once
moved into those settlements had to suppress a the consumers tasted the cake without knowing
suspicion of others from the very first day. People that it was made from a cake mix (blind test),
had to adapt to densely crowded neighborhoods they couldn’t differentiate between the cake made
full of people they had never seen before; they from cake mix and the one made in a traditional
had to negotiate ritual and political relationships way (demonstrating that the real problem was not
with other newcomers; and they had to accept the actually its taste). The projective technique showed
near-constant dissonance of interacting with people that the underlying factor making it difficult for
representing different cultures, languages, and the housewives to accept the product was their
customs. Encounters with strangers were no longer unconscious belief that something as special as a
limited to the occasional addition of a newlywed cake for their family should require more time and
to the collective hearth, but constituted a recurring effort. The “artificial taste” opinion was a typical
condition of daily life. People moved in and out of post-rationalisation of .
the city, coming and leaving as new opportunities [3점]
opened up. As they worked, played, and shopped, ✽meagre: 변변찮은

✽✽projective technique: 투사법
urban residents had to constantly update their roster
(심리 상태를 조사하는 방법)
of relationships.
✽dissonance: 불협화음, 부조화
① a strong resistance to aggressive marketing
✽✽collective hearth: (고대 로마의 서민들이 사용하던) 공동 부엌
✽✽✽roster: 명부 ② an underlying reason for impulse purchases
③ an irrational hatred of the marketing research
① respect ④ a negative implicit attitude towards the product
② education ⑤ an illogical myth about building trust in products
‌
③ dependence
④ cooperation
⑤ unfamiliarity

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We have evolved various mechanisms for What is time? Here is a concept we all think
regulating body temperature: drinking water and we understand, and one that physics requires.
sweating can cool us down, as can sending blood to Yet both ordinary folk and physicists would be
the surface of the skin. When we need to warm up, hard-pressed to tell us what exactly time is. Notice
the hairs on the surface of our skin stand on end, that to define time in terms of hours, minutes, and
trapping a layer of warmer air close to the body seconds is to mistake the units of time for what
and, in extreme cases, our muscles may begin to they measure. It would be like defining space in
involuntarily contract as we shiver. Astonishingly, terms of meters or yards. Space is measured with
social insect colonies also thermoregulate in this equal accuracy in meters or yards. But suppose
way. The best studied case is the honeybee, where, we ask which is the correct way of measuring
on hot days, some workers are tasked with the role space? The answer of course is that there is no
of bringing water to the hive and spraying it over uniquely correct set of units for measuring space;
the combs, allowing evaporation to cool the hive yards and meters do equally well. By the same
from within: the colony sweats. In the winter, when token, neither can be said to “define” or constitute
the hive can become too cold, other workers act like space. The same goes for time. Seconds, centuries,
the shivering muscles in your body, by vibrating millennia are just different amounts of the same
their flight muscles rapidly to generate heat. To “thing.” And it’s that thing, time, which comes in
power this energetically demanding activity, different amounts that we want a definition of. We
other bees in the colony shuttle honey back and could say that time is duration, but then duration
forth to fuel the heater bees. In both multicellular is just the passage of time. Our definition would
bodies and in social insect colonies, therefore, the . [3점]
constituent parts seem to .
① presuppose the very notion we set out to define
[3점]

② deal with its existence as well as its uniqueness
✽thermoregulate: 체온을 조절하다
③ start with distinguishing science from nonscience
① modify their responses depending on difficulties ④ evolve flexibly according to ongoing technical
‌
‌
of tasks development
② bear adaptations that are designed to promote a ⑤ require us to determine the most accurate
‌
‌
greater good measurement
③ possess both active and passive defense
‌
mechanisms
④ be against the principle of fair sharing of
‌
responsibility
⑤ find new stimuli in order to become more
‌
efficient and productive

35 22053-0175
[36 ~ 37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한
것을 고르시오.
If you look closely at imposing peaks in the 36 22053-0176
Rocky Mountains or the Alps, another aspect of

The problem with comparing language with
Earth history may snap into focus. Their tooth-like
spider web-spinning is that language just isn’t
shapes don’t reflect deposition. On the contrary,
an instinct: not in the sense of the term as used
they are being sculpted by erosion, physical
by the layperson, nor as used by the scientist.
and chemical processes that wear away rocks,
eradicating their stories. ① Earth writes its history
(A) Moreover, language exposure must take place
with one hand and erases it with the other, and as
‌
in a normal human socio-cultural context,
we go further back in time, erasure gains the upper
resulting in distinct varieties; children grow up
hand. ② Our planet coalesced some 4.54 billion
speaking the language of their mothers, carers
years ago, but Earth’s oldest known rocks date back
and the community in which they live: a child
only to about 4 billion years. ③ Older rocks must
exposed to the West African language Wolof
have existed, but they’ve been eroded away or were
will grow up speaking Wolof, whilst a child
buried and transformed through metamorphism
living in Lombardy, in Northern Italy, will
into unrecognizable form. ④ Understanding Earth’s
grow up speaking Lombard.
history helps us appreciate how the mountains,
oceans, trees, and animals around us came to be, (B) Human language just doesn’t emerge in this
‌
not to mention gold, diamonds, coal, oil, and the way. Exposure to language is required. And not
very air we breathe. ⑤ A few may still lie in some any old input will do: there has to be lots of it,
remote Canadian or Siberian hillside, waiting to be over several years, for language to develop.
recognized, but largely, the first 600 million years (C) Spider web-spinning, like other instinctive
‌
of Earth history constitutes our planet’s Dark Age. behaviours, emerges developmentally, without
✽eradicate: 지우다 ✽✽coalesce: 합체하다 instruction, input or interference from any other
✽✽✽metamorphism: 변성 작용 member of a given species. Spiders spin webs
whether they are exposed to artisan spiders
performing web-spinning or not. [3점]
✽layperson: 비전문가 ✽✽artisan: 기능 보유자, 장인
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

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37 22053-0177
Each day we are flooded with examples

redescribing something in one domain in terms 38 22053-0178
of another domain to clarify or advance our

There is a lot of evidence, worldwide, that
thinking. For example, in “Her life is a house
people are predisposed to cooperate with
of cards,” we recognize that using playing
someone who speaks the same dialect they do.
cards to create a domicile is a fragile enterprise
because the “house” frequently falls apart with
Dialect is a particularly interesting marker of
the slightest breeze, nudge from our fingers, or
group membership. With the nationalization and
vibration in the room.
globalization of mass media, both accents and
dialects are fading, but for most of human history,
(A) As a result, we wonder: Is this a good
‌
they were localized. ( ① ) They’re hard to fake,
metaphor? It may be, if we haven’t heard
unless you’re a rare gifted mimic, and they’re
the cliché; more likely, we can find a better
generally set by adolescence. ( ② ) For instance, in
comparison that would advance our thinking.
one experiment, subjects were more likely to trust
(B) This may be similar to the chaotic relationships people with the same accent they had. ( ③ ) And we
‌
and economic upheaval in a person’s life, each naturally change our patterns of speech and body
one threatening to knock the entire enterprise language to mimic those around us, unconsciously
into disarray. You may also notice that the trying to fit into the group. ( ④ ) Of course, the flip
metaphor has become a cliché, because it is side of this is that we’re less likely to trust people
used so pervasively that it is no longer fresh to who don’t sound like we do. ( ⑤ ) Again, dialect
the reader. preference seems to be a vestigial kin-recognition
(C) In other words, teneo vestri celebratio — know system.
‌
your audience. The skillful comparison of ✽vestigial: (자취·흔적으로) 남아 있는
different terms enables us to generate the power

of the metaphor, understanding its strengths
and its limitations — where it doesn’t work as
well as where it does. [3점]
✽domicile: 집, 주거지 ✽✽cliché: 상투적인 문구
✽✽✽upheaval: 격변
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

39 22053-0179 40 22053-0180

But despite this intuitive recognition, there is 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
a widespread assumption that biology is more From the earliest films of the silent era to
important than ecology in determining our modern-day blockbusters, music is used extensively
health and wellbeing. to shape viewers’ beliefs and attitudes about the
actions, events, and dialogue in a film. Music
It is intuitively evident that the built environment
affects beliefs about whether characters are being
affects our wellbeing. ( ① ) You only have to
truthful or deceptive, and it indicates to viewers
think of the pleasure to be had from a walk on the
whether a situation should be interpreted as
common, or a visit to a street market, bumping into
dangerous, romantic, or humorous. Music has these
people you know. ( ② ) Or, on the downside, the
effects indirectly and deceptively. When music
danger of crossing a busy road, or cycling behind
is not part of the diegesis of the film, composers
a diesel bus. ( ③ ) This assumption is manifest,
avoid drawing attention to their music. A subtle or
for example, in the degree of blame we may attach
manipulative approach is adopted because beliefs
to our genes and the degree to which we assume the
about film are less compelling if viewers feel that
remedy for bad health is medicine, or surgery. ( ④ )
they have been forced onto them. Unlike most
We spend huge amounts of scarce resources on
forms of persuasion, film music does not openly
curative medicine, and our preventive measures are
invite viewers to adjust their beliefs. Instead,
largely biological as well, i.e. inoculation. ( ⑤ ) All
viewers are typically unaware of the dynamic
the while we are paying scant attention to the social
role that music plays in subtly shaping their
and environmental conditions which are, on some
beliefs about actions, characters, and dialogue.
calculations, at least equally important. [3점]
Indeed, many viewers leave films with little or no
✽inoculation: 예방 접종 ✽✽scant: 거의 없는, 부족한
awareness of the music.
✽diegesis: (영화 등에서) 묘사되는 세계
Film music induces viewers to (A) the

narrative elements of the film in the intended
direction without (B) it.
(A) (B)
① interpret noticing
……
② interpret overlooking
……
③ distort selecting
……
④ distort noticing
……
⑤ reinforce overlooking
……

www.ebsi.co.kr

41 22053-0181
If fossil fuel is a slave at our beck and call, 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
renewable power is more like a partner. As we shall
① We Have Not Yet Found a Replacement for
‌
eventually see, that partnership could be immensely Fossil Fuel
rewarding for people and communities, but can it ② Has Industrial Development Really Made Us
‌
(a) power economic growth of the kind we’re used Happier?
to? The theoretical economist’s answer, of course, ③ Competition of Nations to Control Energy
‌
is that no particular (b) commodity matters all that Sources
much, because if we run short someone will have ④ What Has Caused the Depletion of Resources?
the incentive to develop a substitute. In general, ⑤ Alliances Searching for Renewable Energy
this has proved (c) true in the past — run short of
nice big sawlogs and someone invents plywood —
but it’s far from clear that it applies to fossil fuel,
which in its ubiquity and its cheapness is almost
certainly a special case. Wars are fought over oil,
not over milk, not over semiconductors, not over
timber. It’s plausible — indeed, it’s likely — that if
we begin to run short, the nature of our lives may
fundamentally change as the scarcity destroys our
(d) economies. “The essence of the first Industrial
Revolution was not the coal; it was how to use
the coal,” insists Jeffrey Sachs. Maybe he’s right,
but it seems (e) less likely that fossil fuel was an
exception to the rule, a onetime gift that backed a
42 22053-0182
밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

onetime intense period of growth. In any event, we
seem to be on track to find out. ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
✽at one’s beck and call: ~이 마음대로 부릴 수 있는
✽✽plywood: 합판 ✽✽✽ubiquity: 도처에 있음, 편재성

[43 ~ 45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. had planted the first flag, and forever after refused
(A) to speak to him.
When his parents died, Matt dropped out of ✽mush: 개 썰매로 여행하다 ✽✽crevice: (좁고 깊게) 갈라진 틈
school and became a dishwasher. He was only (D)

twelve when a Baltimore ship captain took him on During their two years in Central America,
as a cabin boy. The captain showed (a) the orphan Peary’s vision to explore the Arctic Circle
how to read, write, and navigate a ship. When the triggered a passion in Matt. In 1895 they traveled
ship’s captain died, Matt was again on his own. He to Greenland on a trip that turned to disaster. They
returned to Washington, DC, where he met Captain barely survived the winter. When they found refuge
Robert E. Peary, who was sailing south to survey with an Inuit tribe, Matt became the first American
the feasibility of a canal across Nicaragua. When he to master their difficult language. He also learned
met Matt, he was surprised that an eighteen-year-old how to build dogsleds, kayaks, and igloos, taking
knew so much about navigation. So he hired (b) the tips from the locals in surviving the harsh Arctic.
teen as his personal valet. Peary knew that (e) his valet was the key to making
✽feasibility: 실행 가능성 it to the North Pole.
(B)
The party arrived home to a hero’s welcome.
Proud Americans celebrated Captain Peary with 43 22053-0183
parades and receptions, applauding (c) him as 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장
적절한 것은?
the first man to stand at the North Pole. Nobody
took notice of Matt. Yet today the world knows it ① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D)
was Matthew Henson who was the first to reach ③ (C)-(D)-(B) ④ (D)-(B)-(C)
the North Pole. Maybe if he hadn’t been African ⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)
American or if he hadn’t been Peary’s valet, he’d
have been recognized sooner. But some thirty-five
years after the journey, Matt was finally awarded 44 22053-0184
the Medal of Honor. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
(C) ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
After several failed attempts, in 1908 they began
their final shot at reaching the northernmost
point on the planet. The two mushed north,
slogging a trail through ice fields, across yawning 45 22053-0185
윗글의 Matt에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?

crevices, and over towering glaciers in the face of
temperatures that dropped to sixty-five degrees ① 학교를 중퇴하고 접시 닦는 일을 했다.
below zero. As they finally came within sight of ② Washington, DC로 돌아와 Peary 선장을 만났다.
their goal, Captain Peary was exhausted, so Matt ③ 북극 여정 후 약 35년이 지나 명예 훈장을 받았다.
‌
continued on, becoming the first man in history to ④ 북극에 첫 깃발을 꽂고 나서 Peary 선장으로부터 축하를
‌
stand at the North Pole. (d) He then went back to 받았다.
get Peary. The captain was furious that his valet ⑤ Inuit 족의 언어를 숙달한 최초의 미국인이 되었다.

04 22053-0189
문항에 따라 배점이 다릅니다. 3점 문항에는 점수가 표시되어 대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르
있습니다. 점수 표시가 없는 문항은 모두 2점입니다. 시오.
①
1번부터 17번까지는 듣고 답하는 문제입니다. 1번부터 15번까지 Tony’s Family
는 한 번만 들려주고, 16번부터 17번까지는 두 번 들려줍니다. 방 ②
송을 잘 듣고 답을 하시기 바랍니다. Event Picture
Diary
⑤ ③
01 22053-0186 25°
시오.
11 : 27④
21 June
① 야영 장소를 예약하는 방법을 안내하려고
② 야영객 간에 지켜야 할 예절을 소개하려고
③ 야영장 안전 수칙을 준수할 것을 당부하려고
④ 야영 시 텐트 설치에 적합한 장소를 설명하려고
⑤ 야영에 적합한 텐트를 고르는 요령을 알려 주려고
02 22053-0187
대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① 부모의 편식 습관은 자녀의 식습관 형성에 영향을 준다.

② 어린 시절의 편식 습관은 성인이 된 후에도 지속될 수 있다.
③ 자녀가 조리 과정에 참여하면 편식 습관 개선에 도움이 된다.
④ 유치원에서 조리 실습 수업을 할 때 사전 안전 교육이 필요
‌
하다.
⑤ 자녀의 식사 예절은 부모와 함께 식사하면서 자연스럽게 형
‌
성된다.
03 22053-0188 05 22053-0190
① 평론가 - 사진작가 ① 앱 다운로드하기

② 대학 교수 - 수강생 ② 자녀 데리러 가기
③ 잡지사 기자 - 건축가 ③ 세미나에 동행하기
④ 뉴스 진행자 - 정부 관료 ④ 치과 진료 예약하기
⑤ 인테리어 디자이너 - 고객 ⑤ 프레젠테이션 디자인하기

06 22053-0191 09 22053-0194
대화를 듣고, 남자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점] Home Garden Kit에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을
고르시오.
① $ 40
② $ 50 ① 이번 주 토요일부터 판매된다.
③ $ 60 ② 다섯 종류의 식물이 출시될 예정이다.
④ $ 70 ③ 흙과 화분은 별도로 구매해야 한다.
⑤ $ 80 ④ 식물 재배법 설명서가 동봉되어 있다.
⑤ 구매자는 식물 사진 경연에 참여할 수 있다.
07 22053-0192
대화를 듣고, 남자가 이번 주말에 헌혈을 할 수 없는 이유를 고르

시오.
① 식사 약속이 있어서
② 생일 선물을 사러 가야 해서
③ 건강 검진 결과가 좋지 않아서
④ 지난 주말에 이미 헌혈을 해서
⑤ 헌혈 가능 법적 나이에 도달하지 않아서
10 22053-0195
다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 여자가 구입할 식기 세척기를

고르시오.
Top 5 Dishwashers
Release
Smartphone
Model (month / Price Capacity
Linking
year)
① A Nov 2021 $ 850 130 items ×

08 22053-0193
대화를 듣고, Career Fair에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오. ② B Feb 2021 $ 900 170 items ○
① 개최 요일
③ C Oct 2020 $ 870 130 items ○
② 개최 장소
③ 학부모 참여 가능 여부 ④ D Dec 2020 $ 1,050 180 items ○
④ 참여 신청 방법
⑤ E Jan 2020 $ 750 120 items ×
⑤ 점심 식사 제공 여부
‌

www.ebsi.co.kr
11 22053-0196 14 22053-0199
대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장
① Sorry. Today’s swimming lesson is canceled. Man:

② Okay. Just wait a few minutes because you just
① Don’t worry. You can use my smartphone.
‌
ate.
② Good point. Let’s take an indoor walk instead.
③ Don’t worry. We clean the swimming pool every
‌
③ Really? I didn’t know you had already bought it.
day.
④ Great! I’ll look online for a smartwatch that suits
④ That’s right. A swimming pool is safer than the
‌
‌
sea. me.
⑤ Right. That’s why they’re so expensive right
⑤ Well, you can rent a swimming cap at the front
‌
‌
desk. now.
12 22053-0197
대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장

① No, the size doesn’t matter. They’re all on sale.

② Yes, it’s possible. You can return them within a
‌
week.
③ I’m sorry, but the special free gift event ended
‌
last week.
④ Right. Unfortunately, there will be no discount
‌
next week.
⑤ Unfortunately, you can’t pay for them in
15
‌
installments. 22053-0200
다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Amy가 Brandon에게 할 말로 가장 적절

한 것을 고르시오.
Amy:
13 22053-0198 ① I suggest that you read a lot to become a good
‌
대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 writer.
적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점] ② Could you help me plan our next meeting
‌
Woman: schedule?
③ Don’t forget the saying that slow and steady
‌
① Sure, it will help her eat more vegetables. wins the race.
② Okay. Let’s not take those vegetable sticks. ④ If it looks like you’ll be late to the meeting,
‌
③ Well, they don’t sell animal snacks in the zoo. please call me.
④ Right. Dried vegetable sticks don’t go bad easily. ⑤ The goal should be to share your writing rather
‌
⑤ I know, but the snacks for kids are too expensive. than to perfect it.

[16 ~ 17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오. 18 22053-0203

16 22053-0201
여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
① home remedies for fruit allergies Dear Ms. Goldman,

② popularity of organic skin care products After reviewing preliminary plans for
③ benefits of using fruit peels for skin care the Beaumont Welding Center addition,
④ easy ways to add fruits and vegetables to meals our architects, Bob Taylor and J. B.
⑤ reasons why some fruit peels are not safe to eat Hardwick, think the additional space
should be increased by 141 square feet.
This additional space will increase the total
budget item to $107,600. This additional
space will allow room for three desks,
lockers, and file cabinets. The most practical
size would be to increase the depth from
10´6˝ to 12´ and the length from 30´ to
38´, a total of 141 square feet. The original
estimate submitted in June was based
on $102 per square foot; therefore, the
17 22053-0202 estimate needs to be increased by $14,382
언급된 과일이 아닌 것은? (141 ft2×$102), plus the 10 percent inflation
rate on the entire project. I wanted to let
① grape
you know about the proposed changes in
② orange
hopes that we can discuss the issue further
③ avocado
at our next meeting.
④ banana
⑤ apple Sincerely,
Michael Davis
CEO of New Dream
✽preliminary: 예비의
① 증축 및 예산 계획의 수정이 필요한 것을 알리려고

② 미지급된 공사 비용의 지불을 요청하려고
③ 건물의 안전 점검 결과를 공지하려고
④ 과잉 청구된 공사 비용의 환불을 요청하려고
⑤ 공사 비용 절감에 대한 대응책 마련을 지시하려고


www.ebsi.co.kr
19 22053-0204 20 22053-0205
다음 글에 드러난 Daksha의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
One afternoon, near New Delhi, Daksha was In the entire history of the human race, there has
walking with her infant in her arms along the shore never been, nor will there ever be, anyone just like
of the Payaswami River. The infant slipped from you. The odds of another human being possessing
her grasp, and fell into the flowing water. Daksha your unique combination of characteristics and
screamed; she did not know how to swim. At that qualities are more than 50 billion to one. This
time, a group of monkeys were watching from a means that you have the potential to do something
nearby tree. Suddenly, one monkey leaped from special or extraordinary with your life; something
the tree directly into the river and swam toward that no one else can do. However, I must ask: Are
the baby. Braving the current, the little monkey you going to do it? It’s true that some people are
dragged the human infant to the shore where the born with rare, unique gifts, but most of us are
mother waited. The monkey placed the child at its introduced to life with average talents and abilities.
mother’s feet and scrambled back up into the tree. Those individuals that society labels “great” reach
When she found that her baby was okay, she could high levels of performance by developing their
finally breathe. talents to a very high degree in the field of their
choice. In other words, your potential lies dormant.
① delighted → sorrowful
It must be identified and developed if you hope
② frightened → relieved
to get more out of life. The formula for success is
③ thrilled → ashamed
simple: practice a few simple disciplines every day.
④ inspired → scared ✽dormant: 잠복한, 비활동성의
⑤ bored → excited
① 성공 목표는 자신의 수준에 맞게 설정해야 한다.
② 다양한 사람을 통해 지식 습득 방법을 배워야 한다.
③ 자신만의 고유한 잠재력을 찾아내어 개발해야 한다.
④ 자신만의 학습 방법을 찾아서 끊임없이 개선해야 한다.
⑤ 성공한 사람 중에서 자신만의 본보기 상을 찾아야 한다.

21 22053-0206 22 22053-0207
밑줄 친 blinding ourselves to other ways of perceiving이 다음 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
Motivation and interest are essential ingredients
When a scientist coins a metaphor, she adopts it in effective learning. If students are not attracted to
from a cultural source. There is no alternative — a concept or context, learning will almost certainly
scientists simply apply everyday understanding be limited. It is the student who decides whether or
within a specific realm that happens to be foreign not to engage in concept learning, and this choice is
to most people. Metaphor, as we know, means almost always based on the question, “Do I want to
understanding one thing in terms of another. learn this stuff?” Students choose to be involved in
And that “other” that a scientist chooses will be a topic for a variety of reasons, including interest in
something from everyday life that she shares with the task, rapport with the teacher, perceived value
all of us. Thus, to select a successful metaphor and utility of the knowledge, self-efficacy, and
she must draw on an implicit understanding of the the social climate. This last factor is often ignored
larger linguistic ecology in which she is located. when teaching with analogies, but it is important.
Her choice of one metaphor instead of another will Classrooms are social settings, and Vygotsky’s
reflect her social context as well as her ambitions. learning psychology helps us understand why social
Noting that we describe the brain as a computer interaction is useful and suggests ways teachers
system, for example, David Edge, formerly a can enhance their planning and teaching (e.g., by
science studies scholar at Edinburgh University, choosing analogies that are located in a student
recommended that we “explore the extent and the group’s shared “zone of proximal development”).
dynamics of this process by which our imagination Social knowledge and experience is the most
comes to be dominated by those very devices effective source of teaching analogies, and analogs
which we devise in order to dominate and control must be familiar to the students (drawn from their
our environment and human society.” When this life-world). Simply put, if an analog is not familiar
happens, we reinforce the way of perceiving or interesting, it should not be used.
instantiated in those metaphors, perhaps blinding ✽rapport: 관계, 신뢰감
✽✽zone of proximal development: 근접 발달 영역

ourselves to other ways of perceiving.
✽✽✽analog: 비유물, 유사체
✽instantiate: 예시하다
① 실생활에 적용될 수 있는 학습 개념을 우선 제시하는 것이

① realizing how much those metaphors can be
‌
‌
바람직하다.
distorted
② 비유 학습 활동은 개인의 학습 동기와 학생 간의 상호 작용
② connecting those metaphors to broader social
‌
‌
을 활성화한다.
situations
③ 비유는 분명한 개념을 전달하지 못하므로 제한적으로 사용
③ effectively embracing the core meanings of those
‌‌
‌
하는 것이 좋다.
metaphors
④ 학생들의 상호 작용을 촉진하도록 흥미로운 토론 주제를
④ understanding only in the context as presented in
‌
‌
제시할 필요가 있다.
those metaphors
⑤ 학생들을 가르칠 때 학생의 사회적 지식 및 경험과 관련된
⑤ not grasping the meanings of metaphors when
‌
‌
비유를 사용해야 한다.
they are so evident to others

www.ebsi.co.kr
23 22053-0208 24 22053-0209
The most common world maps in general use Like all large animals that eat plants, deer have
for many, many years were Mercator maps or a problem: they can only eat vegetation they can
similar projections that were very useful for reach. And usually the vegetation available to them
navigation purposes. Since these projections didn’t has armed itself against plant-eating attack. The
distort direction, they could be used to travel usual safeguards include thorns, toxins or simply
easily from one point to another by sailing the thick, hard bark, but some trees in central European
compass direction from point of origin to point forests have developed none of these defences.
of destination. This wasn’t the most direct route Does this mean the trees’ offspring have to endure
to take, but for some journeys it was the easiest every bite from hungry animals without being able
to follow. On Mercator maps, though, the North to fight back? If you take a good look around the
and South Poles aren’t the points they really forest, you’ll see how beeches defend themselves.
are but rather lines that are as long as the entire The forest floor around trees that annually shed
circumference of the world. The closer you go to leaves is noticeably empty of vegetation. Here and
the poles, then, the more area that has to be shown there you might find a lonely fern, or a few grasses
and the more it’s exaggerated. On one Mercator in a tiny clearing where an ancient giant has fallen,
projection that hung in my office, the Antarctic allowing a few rays of sunlight to reach the ground.
continent is shown to be larger than South America In general, however, light levels are too low for
and Africa combined, which it really isn’t. Lies told plants to produce large quantities of sugar, which
with these maps are pretty obvious. For example, means that wild plants growing in the forest contain
a map showing polar bear habitat in a nature few nutrients in comparison with their relatives
magazine used a Mercator-type projection that growing out in the open. In other words, understory
greatly exaggerated the extent of the habitat. plants are tough and bitter.
✽projection: 투영도, 투영법 ✽✽circumference: 원주, 둘레 ✽beech: 너도밤나무 ✽✽fern: 양치식물 ✽✽✽clearing: 빈터
① principles of making Mercator projections ① How Forest Plants Avoid Being Eaten
‌
② merits and distortions of Mercator projections ② How Fences to Keep Deer Out Can Backfire
‌
③ scales and projections as fundamental map ③ What Empties the Forest Floor of Vegetation
‌
features ④ How Animals Contribute to Preserving Forests
④ exploring expeditions to complete Mercator ⑤ What Causes Plants to Arm Themselves with
‌
‌
projections Hard Bark
⑤ inaccuracies on maps caused by map-makers’
‌
lack of knowledge

25 22053-0210 26 22053-0211
다음 표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? Chico Mendes에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Top Nine Countries by Per Capita Amount of Born in 1944, the son of one of the 50,000-strong
E-Waste in 2019 “Rubber Army” who tapped rubber for use in the
Per Capita Allied war effort in World War Ⅱ, Chico Mendes
Amount Total Amount started work as a rubber tapper at the age of
Country
(in million tons)
(in kg) Rank nine. Influenced by priests from the progressive
Norway 26.0 1 0.1 Liberation Theology movement, he helped found
the United Kingdom 23.9 2 1.6 a branch of the Workers’ Party and became leader
Switzerland 23.4 3 0.2 of the Rubber Tappers’ Union. As large areas of
Denmark 22.4 4 0.1 Brazil’s rain forest were cleared to make way for
Australia 21.7 5 0.6
cattle ranches, Mendes publicized the tappers’
the Netherlands 21.6 6 0.4
fight to save the forest. He went to Washington,
Iceland 21.4 7 0.008
D.C., to persuade Congress and the World Bank
the United States 21.0 8 6.9
that cattle-ranching projects should not be funded.
France 21.0 8 1.4
Instead, he proposed that forest areas be protected
The table above shows the top nine countries as “extractive reserves” — public land managed
which produced the greatest amount of electronic by local communities with the right to harvest
waste (e-waste) per capita in 2019. ① In terms forest products sustainably. Cattle ranchers saw his
of per capita e-waste generation, Norway led the movement as a threat, and a shooting took place,
rankings at 26 kilograms, followed by the United which killed Mendes in 1988. After his death,
Kingdom, which generated almost 24 kilograms. the first of many such reserves was established,
② In addition to these top two countries, the covering 2.5 million acres (1 million hectares) of
other seven countries all produced upwards of 20 forest around Xapuri.
kilograms per capita. ③ Of the nine countries, the ✽strong: (수사의 뒤에서) 총원[병력]이 ~인
✽✽rubber tapper: 고무 수액 채취자 ✽✽✽theology: 신학
United States generated the greatest total amount
of e-waste, twice as much as that produced in the
① 9살 때 고무 수액 채취자로 일을 시작했다.
United Kingdom. ④ Though France ranked eighth
② Workers’ Party의 지부를 설립하는 것을 도왔다.
in per capita e-waste production, its total e-waste
③ 숲을 구하고자 하는 고무 수액 채취자의 투쟁을 홍보했다.
generation was beyond the combined total amount
④ 숲을 지역 사회가 공유지로 보호할 것을 제안했다.
of e-waste of Australia and the Netherlands. ⑤ The ⑤ 사망 전에 보호 구역이 지정되는 것을 보았다.
total amount of e-waste generated in Norway,
the largest per capita e-waste producer, was one
fourteenth of that generated in France.
✽per capita: 1인당

www.ebsi.co.kr
27 22053-0212 28 22053-0213
Rainbow Lantern Speaker에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치 Scrap Metal Drive for Homeless Pets에 관한 다음 안내문의
하지 않는 것은? 내용과 일치하는 것은?
Rainbow Lantern Speaker Scrap Metal Drive for Homeless Pets

With advanced 5.8 GHz signal technology, Come out and support the animals of the
Rainbow Lantern Speaker provides the Edmond Animal Shelter. We are collecting
perfect atmosphere for the yard, garden, scrap metal to raise money for the animals.
beach, BBQ, and camping! Time: 11 a.m. – 3 p.m.
Features Date: Saturday and Sunday, September 24 and

‌
■‌It can be paired wirelessly — no need for

25
apps. Place: the Edmond Animal Shelter parking lot
■It produces 25 watts of powerful sound. Accepted Items

■‌It has a built-in 6,600 mAh rechargeable

•‌We are accepting any kind of metal: railings,

battery, fully charged within 3 hours, up to doors, garbage cans, file cabinets, bicycle
20 hours playtime at medium volume or 10 frames, pipes, window frames, lawn furniture,
hours at maximum volume. tools, washing machines, dryers, stoves,
■‌It is splashproof and rainproof.

wagons, etc.
■‌The brightness of the lantern can be

•‌We CANNOT take propane tanks, air

adjusted to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% or 100%, conditioners, or refrigerators due to safety
with timer settings of 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h or issues.
continuous on/off.
Note
Product Information •‌The scrap service will be handled by David

■‌Connectivity Technology: bluetooth,

Scrap Processors, Edmond Market’s biggest
Wi-Fi, auxiliary (3.5 mm auxiliary cables company.
included) •‌All proceeds will be used for homeless pets

■‌Color: white / sky blue

at the animal shelter.
■‌Light: 7-color light display

■Audio Output Mode: surround, stereo ✽scrap metal: 고철, 파쇠
① 오전에 네 시간 동안 진행된다.
① 앱 없이 무선으로 연결된다. ② 주중에 이틀간 진행된다.
② 최대 음량에서 20시간까지 재생된다. ③ Edmond Animal Shelter의 강당에서 진행된다.
③ 물 튀김과 빗물로부터 방수가 된다. ④ 안전상의 이유로 에어컨은 받을 수 없다.
④ 연결을 위한 케이블이 제공된다. ⑤ 모든 수익금을 동물원의 동물을 위해 쓸 것이다.
⑤ 7가지 색상의 조명이 있다.

29 22053-0214 30 22053-0215
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은
것은? 것은?
As maps became more accurate they gained Ancient civilizations were largely oral cultures,
increased political importance. One of the earliest even for some time after the invention of writing.
military uses came in England in 1745, after a major Literacy was ① rare, so written records often held
coup attempt (A) which / during which the Scots meaning only for the educated classes. But many
tried to bring back the relatives of a deposed king early societies ② ignored the need for a graphic
onto the throne. Following this, British Major record of their culture’s important events and the
General William Roy was charged with the task of stories relating to their religion. Some painting — on
mapping Scotland in detail, in the hopes that the the walls of palaces and tombs, for example —
maps would help the military better suppress any ③ served this purpose, but sculpture in stone offered
future uprising. To us, this sounds like a job that a more permanent and monumental medium for
would be either utterly boring or uncomfortably preserving a culture’s history, legends, and mythology.
dangerous, but Roy came through in the critical Rulers and military leaders were especially ④ eager
situation, creating a set of maps so good that they to be remembered for descendants and to have their
were (B) using / used for decades. In fact, the likenesses carved in stone in grand, imposing statues.
Ancient Woodland Inventory of Scotland still However, a more pictorial form of sculpture — relief
depends on them today, and the techniques Roy — ⑤ introduced the opportunity for presenting
pioneered (C) are / to be directly linked to the complex scenes and extended narratives in a series
creation of the Ordnance Survey, one of the largest of panels or a frieze.
map-making companies in the world. ✽relief: 부조
✽✽frieze: 프리즈(건축물의 외면이나 내면에 붙인 띠 모양의 장식물)
✽coup: 쿠데타 ✽✽depose: 폐위시키다, 물러나게 하다
✽✽✽throne: 왕위, 왕좌
(A) (B) (C)

① which using are
……
……
② which used to be
……
……
③ during which using to be
……
……
④ during which used are
……
……
⑤ during which used to be
……
……

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[31~ 34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

32 22053-0217
Fragments or ‘sherds’ of ceramics are often

31 22053-0216
the most durable traces left by a civilization,
Chemical reactions do occur in interstellar space, offering our best window on the values of those
but they are very slow both because it is so cold, who used them. Archaeologists therefore like to
and because the concentrations of materials are . There
so low. The surface of Earth, like the Little Bear’s are the Beaker Folk of the third millennium BC,
porridge, is not too hot, and not too cold, but just who travelled across Europe, from the Spanish
right. Thus, chemistry is an Earth-oriented science Peninsula and central Germany, reaching Britain
in the sense that the phenomena it deals with are around 2000 BC. They came after the Funnel
extremely important on this planet’s surface. In Beaker Culture and the Corded Ware People.
fact, the found on Earth are the Wherever they went, the Beaker Folk left traces of
most complex manifestations of the workings of reddish-brown, bell shaped clay drinking vessels.
the laws of chemistry known to exist in nature. They could have been named the Flint Dagger
No doubt there are other planets associated with People or the Stone Hammer People (since they
other stars where surface temperatures are similarly also used these) but somehow pottery is more
conducive to chemistry. It is reasonable to think evocative of a whole culture. We know that the
that life of some sort might exist, or might once Beaker Folk liked to be buried with a beaker at
have existed wherever this is, or once was true, but their feet, presumably for the food and drink they
it is yet to be shown. [3점] would need in the afterlife.
✽porridge: 포리지, 오트밀(귀리에 우유나 물을 부어 걸쭉하게 죽처럼 끓인 음식) ✽sherd: 조각, 파편 ✽✽evocative: 생각나게 하는, 환기하는
✽✽conducive to: ~에 좋은
① dig up and polish unusual objects

① rarest metals
② name people after the pots they left behind
② water sources
③ name our ancestors after the hand tools they
③ living organisms
‌‌
used
④ natural resources
④ reason out what material was used for those
‌
⑤ atmospheric compositions fragments
⑤ study particular vessels according to their
‌
preference

33 22053-0218 34 22053-0219
I n a s e r i e s o f e x p e r i m e n t s , Ve n k a t Research by psychologist Steven Sloman and

Lakshminarayanan, Keith Chen, and Laurie Santos marketing expert Phil Fernbach shows that people
at Yale University gave capuchin monkeys tokens who claim to understand complicated political
they could use to “purchase” tasty apple slices. topics such as cap and trade and flat taxes tend
Despite never having taken Econ 101, the monkeys to reveal their ignorance when asked to provide
quickly learned how to use the tokens as money. a detailed explanation without the aid of Google.
But the researchers then threw in a clever twist: they Though people on either side of an issue may
gave the monkeys a choice between buying apple believe they know their opponents’ positions, when
slices from two different people. Person 1 always put to the task of breaking it down they soon learn
showed one apple slice and gave it to the monkey that they have only a basic understanding of the
in exchange for a token. Person 2, on the other topic being argued. Stranger still, once subjects in
hand, always showed the monkey two apple slices such studies recognize this, they reliably become
but gave only one of the slices for a token. From more moderate in their beliefs. Radical beliefs
an economic perspective, both were offering the fade; extreme opposition is dampened. The research
exact same deal: one apple slice for one token. suggests simply working to better explain your
But by first offering two, then only delivering one, own opinion weakens your passion. Yet that same
Person 2 focused the monkeys on what they were research shows the opposite effect when subjects
losing — the second apple slice. The monkeys are asked to justify their positions on a contentious
strongly preferred dealing with Person 1, even issue. . [3점]

though Person 2 was offering, from an economic ✽cap and trade: 탄소 배출권 거래제(생태계 보호를 위한 일종의
인센티브 프로그램) ✽✽flat tax: 일률 과세
perspective, the exact same deal. Just like humans, ✽✽✽contentious: 논쟁을 불러일으키는
monkeys .
[3점] ① Justification seeks proof, but doubt spreads

‌
✽Econ 101: 경제학 개론 quickly
② Passion helps explain complicated issues in
‌
① hate to feel like they’re losing out different subjects
② weigh the economic pros and cons ③ Exploration clouds your ability to recall what
‌
③ take more risk after a gain than after a loss you already know
④ want to stop the cycle of winning and losing ④ Justification strengthens a worldview, but
‌
⑤ consider taste to be more than just individual exploration weakens it
‌
preference ⑤ Exploration enables you to skillfully contradict
‌
your opponents’ thoughts

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[36 ~ 37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것

35 22053-0220
을 고르시오.
The management of cultivated land concerns 36 22053-0221
not only ownership and access issues but also the

Typically, adolescents create and use words
physical management of hill slopes to develop
with different meanings for their specific
and maintain flat land suitable for cultivation.
purpose during a specific time period. Consider
The terracing of slopes is an ever-present
the word good.
adaptation in most mountain areas where settled
cultivation takes place, and in many areas of
(A) In fact, a fast-food chicken advertisement had
considerable antiquity. ① The construction of
‌
a group of young men playing in a band with
terraces requires the cooperation of the whole
a gentleman that appeared to be in his 70s.
community. ② Terraces may be individually
An attractive woman enters announcing that
owned, but they cannot be constructed individually
food is here and that it’s time to eat the new
or by individual families. ③ Terrace building is a
fast-food chicken recipe.
precise art; the vertical dimensions of steps, the
number, the surface angle, and whether they are (B) Its meaning conveys something positive,
‌
designed to drain or to hold water are all aspects beneficial, or excellent. Over the past 30
which are involved in their construction. ④ Apart years, adolescents in the United States have
from the roof, a terrace garden can be created on attached the meaning of the word good to
balconies and other extended areas of a building. words other than good. Around the 1980s, some
⑤ The steep flights of terraces so well known on adolescents substituted the word bad for good.
mountain slopes not only represent a tremendous (C) The next scene has the younger men stating,
‌
physical effort, but also a detailed knowledge and “This new chicken recipe is bad.” The camera
understanding of the climate, slope geometry and goes in for a close-up of the older gentleman,
surface soil characteristics. who looks puzzled and then replies, “I don’t
✽terrace: 계단식으로 정비하다; 계단식 논[밭], 테라스 know what you’re talking about; this is good
✽✽antiquity: 오래됨, 태고 chicken!”
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)


37 22053-0222
The concept of natural selection is the single 38 22053-0223
most important tool in our Darwinian toolkit.

That does not mean that we have to give up on
(A) The only genuine intelligent design found in the the idea of providing incentives for teachers; in
‌
biological world comes from us, in the shape certain environments, they may be beneficial.
of our dogs and cows and other organisms
which we’ve deliberately modified via selective Suppose that the economic agent has several
breeding. Beyond that, the apparent intelligent tasks to complete. ( ① ) For example, a teacher
design in nature is a forgery perpetrated by (in a school or university) has, on the one hand,
natural selection. Conscious intentions play no to pass on to the student the knowledge necessary
role. to move on to the next class, pass an exam,
or get a job. ( ② ) On the other hand, taking a
(B) And the most important thing to remember
‌
longer-term perspective, the students must be
about natural selection is that natural selection
trained to think for themselves. ( ③ ) If the
creates an illusion of intelligent design, or what
teacher is paid based on the success of pupils
Richard Dawkins calls design without a designer.
in their exams, the teacher will focus on exam
Adaptations look as if they were invented by a
technique, to the detriment of the students’
conscious agent for a particular purpose: hands
long-term development, which is much more
for grasping; eyes for seeing.
difficult to measure and thus more difficult to
(C) But they weren’t; Darwin stuck a pitchfork in reward. ( ④ ) Esther Duflo, Rema Hanna and
‌
that hypothesis. The design in nature comes Steve Ryan have shown, through an experiment
not from a designer but from the mindless conducted in India, that teachers react positively to
accumulation of favorable accidents over vast financial incentives and supervision, with the result
periods of time. [3점] that students are absent less often and perform
✽forgery: ✽✽perpetrate:
위조 범하다
better. ( ⑤ ) But we must be very careful not to
distort the educational process by introducing
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
incentives that are not well thought out and tested.
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B) [3점]
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) ✽detriment: 손상, 손해

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39 22053-0224 40 22053-0225

Oxygen from the atmosphere enters water by a 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
process called diffusion. Oftentimes logical misconceptions are more
pronounced if everyday or familiar examples are
Fish and other aquatic organisms require oxygen
used. This is because individuals invariably try to
to live. This oxygen cannot come directly from
bring their personal knowledge and experiences to
the oxygen that makes up water (H2O) because
the logical task rather than evaluating the validity
this oxygen is bound to two hydrogen atoms.
of the inference as it stands. For example, suppose I
Instead, aquatic organisms depend on dissolved
declare truthfully, “All taxicabs are yellow. Your car
oxygen gas (O2) that enters water from plants and
is not a taxicab.” Does it logically follow that your
the atmosphere. ( ① ) Plants produce oxygen by
car is not yellow? When examining questions of
a process called photosynthesis in which carbon
logic, you must ignore external facts. Don’t think
dioxide, water, and the energy from sunlight are
about the actual color of your particular car. The
used for plant growth. ( ② ) Oxygen is released
correct answer is not yes or no, depending on the
as a waste product. ( ③ ) This occurs because the
paint job of your car. Yet some will answer, “Yes, it
concentration of oxygen in the air is greater than
follows because my car is green.” If I give you less
that in the water, allowing oxygen in the air to
knowledge, you might be more logical. Suppose
dissolve into the surface of the water. ( ④ ) Wind
I declare truthfully, “All taxicabs are yellow. My
creates waves, which provides more surface area
car is not a taxicab.” Is it yellow? Now you can’t
for the diffusion of oxygen to occur. ( ⑤ ) Often
use knowledge about my car because you haven’t
man-made aerators are installed in lakes to add
seen it. It may be easier to come to the correct
more oxygen to the water.
conclusion, which is, “Maybe, maybe not.”
✽diffusion: 확산 ✽✽aerator: 통기 장치

When examining questions of logic, people

tend to (A) their personal knowledge
and experiences, which can lead to (B)
conclusions.
(A) (B)
① apply reasonable
……
② apply invalid
……
③ disregard biased
……
④ disregard definite
……
⑤ extend predictable
……


41 22053-0226
As Alvin Goldman has explained, empathy has 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
two parts. In day-to-day life, one part is that, by
① Fiction: A Simulator for Experiencing Empathy
a process of simulation within ourselves, from
② Mental Models: Learning to Think Better
the flow of an interaction and understanding the
③ The Basic Process of Critical Reading
concerns of another, we (a) infer what emotion
④ How We Conceal Our Own Emotions
another person is feeling and assign it to that
⑤ The Healing Power of Interactions
person. The second part, which occurs at the same
time, is that we feel the corresponding emotion
in our self. Feeling an emotion with a protagonist
in fiction has two (b) similar parts. In one part
(within our simulation of the story), we come
to know a character’s concerns and understand
what emotions might occur as the character’s
intentions are affected by events. In the second
part, having taken on the character’s concerns, we
(c) experience corresponding emotions of our own.
So, unlike those who find the emotions of fiction
(d) paradoxical in seeming to be about something
that is not real, this explanation is based on a
fundamental psychological process of making
mental models of others that is the same in fiction
as in the interactions of real life. It enables us to
feel with others in empathy. The truer our mental 42 22053-0227
models are, the better. One might even say that by 밑줄 친 (a)∼(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것
은? [3점]
means of its analyses of other people’s intentions
and their implications, fiction may (e) disturb ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
everyday processes of empathy. A useful piece of
evidence here is that Raymond Mar has shown
that several parts of the brain that are used to
comprehend stories are the same as those used to
understand other people.
✽protagonist: 주인공

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Anny then told Cathy something that she would
(A)
By the time Cathy reached fourth grade, faith in remember vividly for the rest of her life. (d) She
her ability had plunged considerably. She struggled said, “Someone who struggles so hard with
with learning and felt like the dumb kid in class. school will make a great teacher. Discouraged
Efforts to excel only reminded her that she was students need a teacher like you.” This simple
a failure. She mentally discounted occasional statement stunned Cathy, instantly changing
successes by attributing them more to luck than her mindset. Outwardly, the change didn’t seem
ability. Psychologists tested her, counselors talked dramatic. Neither her parents, teachers, friends,
with her, and teachers gave her special attention. nor Cathy herself noticed a big change in her
(a) She spent most of her time at school feeling badly behavior. Inwardly, however, (e) her world changed
about herself and avoiding any effort. She was afraid
profoundly.
that any attempt on her part would only confirm her
feelings of inadequacy.
✽plunge: 떨어지다
(B) 43 22053-0228
Before that event, school aroused feelings of 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장
weakness and incompetence. It now awakened a 적절한 것은?
sense of challenge. School work changed from ① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D)

an impossible chasm to a rocky pathway on her ③ (C)-(D)-(B) ④ (D)-(B)-(C)
journey to becoming a teacher. (b) She felt destined ⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)
to help others like her, those who experienced
frustration with learning. Sixteen years later she
graduated with a teacher’s certificate and glowing
recommendations. Her aunt’s comment triggered a
44 22053-0229
powerfully positive change in Cathy’s self-esteem
and outlook on life. It made a sudden impact.
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
✽chasm: 구렁텅이
(C)
One day, her favorite aunt, Anny, visited from out
of town. Cathy felt special when she was around.
The two of them were playing a board game on the 45 22053-0230
living room floor when Anny casually asked Cathy 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
how she was doing in school. Her mood changed ① Cathy는 이따금씩의 성공을 능력보다는 운 탓으로 더 많이
‌
immediately and (c) she started to cry. Anny 돌렸다.
pleaded with her niece to tell her what was wrong. ② Cathy는 졸업할 때 교사 자격증을 받았다.
Cathy told Anny that she felt dumb and frustrated ③ Anny와 Cathy는 거실에서 보드게임을 했다.
with school. She wondered if she would ever add
④ Cathy 는 Anny 에게 자신이 바보 같은 느낌이 든다고
up to anything worthwhile.
‌
말했다.
⑤ Cathy의 부모님은 Cathy의 큰 행동 변화를 알아챘다.
‌


04 22053-0234

시오.

①
See the World
③
②
01 22053-0231 ⑤
④
다음을 듣고, 여자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르
시오.
① 학생회장 후보의 공약을 소개하려고

② 학교 뉴스의 기자단 모집 일정을 안내하려고
③ 학교 뉴스를 위한 기삿거리 제안을 요청하려고
④ 새로 만들어질 학교 소식지의 이름을 공모하려고
⑤ 학생회에서 주관하는 성금 모으기 행사를 홍보하려고
02 22053-0232
대화를 듣고, 남자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① 가족과 캠핑을 하는 것은 아이의 심리 발달에 도움이 된다.

② 안락한 캠핑을 위하여 야영객들 사이에 서로 예의를 지켜야
‌
한다.
③ 아이들의 인성 함양을 위해서는 자연 친화적 활동이 필요
‌
하다.
④ 다양한 야외 활동이 아이들의 신체 적응력 신장에 필수
‌
적이다.
⑤ 비슷한 취미를 갖는 것이 가족 간 유대를 강화하는 데 효과
‌
적이다.
05 22053-0235
03 22053-0233 대화를 듣고, 여자가 남자를 위해 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르
대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오. 시오.
① 작가 - 평론가 ① 태블릿 PC 빌리기

② 학생 - 서점 직원 ② 발표 슬라이드 수정하기
③ 도서 편집자 - 교사 ③ 노트북 컴퓨터 점검하기
④ 디자이너 - 사진작가 ④ 회의 참가 방법 공지하기
⑤ 인쇄업자 - 출판사 직원 ⑤ 세미나 진행 순서 검토하기

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06 22053-0236 09 22053-0239
대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점] Eureka Science Lab에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는
① $ 81
② $ 83 ① 2022년이 과학 체험 프로그램 제공 13년째 해이다.
③ $ 90 ② 120개 학교의 학생들에게 과학 프로그램을 제공하였다.
④ $ 108 ③ 초등학교와 중학교 수업을 한다.
⑤ $ 110 ④ 프로그램을 무료로 제공한다.
⑤ 웹 사이트에 프로그램의 샘플 동영상을 올려놓았다.
07 22053-0237
대화를 듣고, 여자가 독후감 대회 참가 도서를 변경한 이유를

고르시오.
① 관심 분야가 바뀌어서
② 책 내용이 재미가 없어서
③ 책을 끝까지 읽지 못해서
④ 책이 대회의 주제에 맞지 않아서
⑤ 다른 참가자들이 같은 책을 골라서
10 22053-0240
다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 두 사람이 주문할 자전거 헬멧을

고르시오.
Bike Helmets
Rear
Model Color Size Weight
Light
X-small
① A Pink × 250 g
08 22053-0238
(48 – 52 cm)
X-small
대화를 듣고, 시의 밤 행사에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오. ② B White
(48 – 52 cm)
○ 270 g
① 장소
③ C White Small (52 – 56 cm) × 260 g
② 시작 시간
③ 간식 제공 여부 ④ D White Small (52 – 56 cm) ○ 280 g
④ 입장료
⑤ E White Small (52 – 56 cm) ○ 290 g
⑤ 입장 가능 인원

11 22053-0241 14 22053-0244
① There are still four hours left. Let’s take a rest. Man:
② Let’s meet there at six. I’ll treat you to dinner.
① Don’t bother. I’ve found it myself.
③ I work only four hours a day. It’s not so hard.
② I see. But I’ll never forget her kindness.
④ I have a job interview at four. I have to hurry.
③ Too bad. I don’t remember when I lost it.
⑤ It takes 10 minutes to get there. It’s very close.
④ I’m sorry. Please tell me her number again.
⑤ All right. I’ll contact her after I get my wallet.
12 22053-0242

① I’m sure you’ll get well soon.

② Well, I wonder if it’ll help me.
③ No, there was never any privacy.
④ Yeah, it’ll make me more relaxed.
⑤ I’m glad I can stay in the dormitory.
13 22053-0243

적절한 것을 고르시오. 15 22053-0245
다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Brenda가 Mike에게 할 말로 가장 적절

Woman: 한 것을 고르시오. [3점]
① I’ll do that. Could you call me when it arrives? Brenda:

② I’m sorry. Can I exchange it for a different size?
③ I’ve changed my mind. Can I get a refund for it? ① I can’t find the exit leading to the stairs.
④ I don’t think so. Why do you think it’ll work for ② I think it would be better to use the stairs.
‌
me? ③ You’d better wait here while I check it out.
⑤ All right. Could you recommend a different ④ This elevator only goes up to the 10th floor.
‌
model? ⑤ Let’s watch a movie online together instead.

www.ebsi.co.kr
[16 ~ 17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오. 18 22053-0248

16 22053-0246
남자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
① jobs in which statistics is useful Dear Mr. Rogan,

② career choices in the digital age I, Kwame Brown, am an employee of
③ forecasts of global industrial trends Filters-for-All, your company’s air filter
④ factors that influence job satisfaction vendor. During our company’s recent
⑤ ways to collect data for statistical purposes office move, I seemed to have misplaced
the bill for your last order. Unfortunately,
I also have no record of the bill reference
number nor any other details such as
who signed the receipt on your end. I am
having great difficulty in processing my
record without the bill, and the company’s
regular inspection for the accounts of my
department will take place next month.
Hence, I would like to request that you
send me a copy of the bill. It would be
appreciated if you prioritize this request
17 22053-0247 and send me the copy as soon as possible.
언급된 직업이 아닌 것은? Should you have any questions, please
feel free to reach me at 101 - 345 - 3934.
① business owner
I am available 24/7.
② financial manager
③ weather forecaster Sincerely,
④ military recruiter Kwame Brown
⑤ medical researcher Sales Director of Filters-for-All
① 계약 연장 조건을 제시하려고
② 대금 지급 방법을 문의하려고
③ 물품 매매 계약 철회를 통보하려고
④ 정기 회계 감사의 연기를 부탁하려고
⑤ 주문 청구서의 사본 발송을 요청하려고


19 22053-0249 20 22053-0250
다음 글에 드러난 Sarabeth의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Sarabeth felt the wind move her around the same When we believe that we have all we need
way Dorothy was taken from Kansas in The Wizard to accomplish whatever we want, we’re setting
of Oz. Trembling from head to toe, she took a quick ourselves up for disappointment when our process
look at the blankets of cold rain that pounded the goes awry. This is because we think our abilities
forest floor. Where are the houses? The grownups? are fixed — if we can’t succeed based on what
Isn’t anyone looking for me? She ran. A lightning we already know or can do, we never will. That
strike tore apart a hundred foot tree just as she makes our disappointments more profound and
found an opening in the face of the cliff. A cave? corrosive. So at the beginning of a project that
She instinctively dashed inside. Failing to duck seems unfamiliar, we need to tell our brain that
as she ran in, she took a blow to her forehead for we’re in learning mode. We need to establish that
her negligence. Her terror dulled the pain as she one of our main takeaways from this undertaking
charged deeper inside. Feeling the cave floor ride will be new knowledge, not just an immediately
up in shallow, uneven steps, she stumbled several successful outcome. Reframe your expectations to
feet farther into the dark. Dry sand! She fell down. make the learning as important as the result — more
Grabbing the warm, soft sand with her hands while important, if possible.
on her knees, she felt her almost completely broken ✽awry: 잘못되어, 틀어져서 ✽✽corrosive: (정신적으로) 유해한
spirit seemed to be freed from the fear that had

① 기존의 지식을 바탕으로 새로운 지식에 접근해야 한다.
taken over her.
✽duck: (머리나 몸을 움직여) 피하다
② 자신의 능력에 맞추어 성취 가능한 학습 목표를 설정해야
‌
한다.
① bored → excited ③ 목표했던 일에 실패하더라도 실망하지 말고 계속 도전해야

‌
② terrified → relieved 한다.
③ distressed → puzzled ④ 타인의 기대에 얽매이지 말고 자신이 원하는 바를 추구해야

‌
한다.
④ sorrowful → horrified
⑤ 익숙하지 않은 일을 시작할 때는 결과보다 배움에 주안점을
⑤ delighted → disappointed
‌
두어야 한다.

www.ebsi.co.kr
21 22053-0251 22 22053-0252
밑줄 친 Decoding these more subtle aspects of the 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

cityscape가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
Given all of our inborn obstacles, the question
There is a hidden world of design all around you becomes, can self-discipline and willpower be
if you look closely enough, but the disharmony of learned? Can we really learn how to just grind our
visual noise in our cities can make it hard to notice teeth together and work like a machine when the
key details. There are street markings that guard time comes? The answer is: maybe. The key seems
you from being blown to bits, tiny emergency to be awareness. A joint study conducted by the
boxes attached to building exteriors that can help Hong Kong University of Science and Chicago
save occupants in a fire, and ornamental flourishes University demonstrated that understanding
that may seem like mere decoration but actually why a specific action was chosen helped boost
work to hold entire brick buildings together. Amid self-discipline. Participants were asked to describe
all of this, there are also countless odds and ends a time when they resisted temptation; they were
that simply accumulate through people forever immediately thereafter offered an indulgence and
reshaping a city to fit their needs. Decoding these 70% gave in. But when another group was asked
more subtle aspects of the cityscape can also help to explain why they had resisted a temptation,
you gain insight into the people who make cities 69% were able to turn down the indulgence. They
what they are, most of whom are just trying to live placed strong emotional value on resistance and
their lives, but some of whom are actively trying to acknowledged a benefit from avoiding a previous
save yours. temptation, so merely being aware of the reason
✽flourish: 장식 조각 ✽✽odds and ends: 잡동사니 for resistance significantly reinforced their
self-discipline.
① analyzing the natural and artificial characteristics
‌
✽indulgence: 마음껏 빠져 즐길 수 있는 일, 탐닉
of cities
② learning the various ways urban dwellers earn ① 유혹을 극복하려면 반복적인 훈련이 필요하다.
‌
money ② 자제의 이유를 인식하면 자제력을 높일 수 있다.
③ finding the sources of the various noises in urban
③ 저항적인 성향을 가진 사람이 자기 관리에 능하다.
‌
areas
④ 의지력보다 잠재의식이 행동에 더 큰 영향을 미친다.
④ appreciating the aesthetic value of the buildings
⑤ 감정을 살펴보면 특정 행동이 왜 일어나는지 알 수 있다.
‌
in cities
⑤ understanding design details in cities that are
‌
meant to protect people

23 22053-0253 24 22053-0254
Subsidies can be offered directly or through The main rules about eating are simple: If you
the tax system to encourage producers as well do not eat you die; and no matter how large your
as consumers to make choices that are not dinner, you will soon be hungry again. Precisely
environmentally harmful. Unlike taxes, they because we must both eat and keep on eating,
provide incentives by decreasing the price or human beings have poured enormous effort into
purchasing costs of products and are often labeled making food more than itself, so that it bears
as fiscal incentives. Along with tax breaks, they are diverse meanings beyond its primary purpose
designed to provide economic incentives to correct of physical nutrition. It becomes an immensely
market failures with respect to natural resources adaptable mythic prototype (modern economists,
and pollution control. Thus, they motivate firms for example, love to assure us that our longing to
to reduce pollution loads on the environment. “consume” goods in general, like our need to eat, is
However, by definition, subsidies distort prices insatiable), an art form, a medium for commercial
and tend to increase producer profits and lower exchange and social interaction, the source for
consumer prices, and can negatively affect the an array of distinguishing marks of class and
environment. This occurs when they support nationhood. We have to keep eating, so we make
activities that encourage over-consumption and, eating the occasion for insisting on other things as
ultimately degrade the environment. For example, well — concepts and feelings which are vital for
governments in emerging economies often control our well-being, but many of them complex, difficult
consumer prices for energy, keeping them below to analyse or understand, and definitely not so easy
the real market level in order to promote economic to concentrate on as food is when we are hungry.
development and alleviate poverty. But fuel tax ✽insatiable: 만족을 모르는
rebates and low energy prices stimulate the use

① Table Manners Which Should Never Be Broken
of fossil fuels, while subsidies for road transport
② Unending Appetite: The Sign of Mental Deficit
increase congestion and air pollution.
③ Eating Is More than Just Filling Our Stomachs
✽subsidy: 보조금 ✽✽fiscal: 재정상의 ✽✽✽rebate: 환급
④ How Did Humans Beat Their Hunger?
① unintended side effects of subsidies on the ⑤ Different Foods in Different Cultures
‌
environment
② the change of consumption for sustainable
‌
development
③ the need to operate subsidies for economic
‌
efficiency
④ the significance of a pricing strategy in
‌
marketing
⑤ similarities and differences of taxes and
‌
subsidies

www.ebsi.co.kr
25 22053-0255 26 22053-0256
다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? Arnaud Massey에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Changes in Global Wildlife Populations (1970—2016) Born in Biarritz, France, Arnaud Massey was
Mammals 49 % 7% 44 % the first continental European golfer to achieve
Birds 47 % 7% 46 %
great success in the United Kingdom. Massey
began his golf career as a caddie and met several
Reptiles 51 % 6% 43 %
leading golfers of the day. From 1902 he began
Amphibians 36 % 6% 58 %
playing in the Open Championship, finishing in the
Fishes 46 % 4% 50 % top 20 for the next two decades. In 1913 he led a
the populations that increased during the studied period four-man French team to victory against the United
the populations that remained stable during the studied period
the populations that decreased during the studied period States in an international match between the two
nations. In 1911, he published the first ever French
The chart above shows the percentage of
book on golf, which was translated to English in
populations of five wildlife groups that increased,
1914. Though he was wounded at Verdun in World
remained stable, and decreased between 1970
War I, Massey recovered and played at a high
and 2016. ① The percentage of populations
level for many years, even defeating Bobby Jones
that increased was the highest among reptiles
in a foursome exhibition match held in 1926 in
and the second highest among mammals, with
the United States and winning the Spanish Open
both measuring about 50%. ② Meanwhile, the
in 1927 and 1928. In the 1930s, he spent time in
percentage of populations that decreased was the
Marrakesh, Morocco, helping to redesign the golf
highest among amphibians, which was followed
course there. He is widely regarded as the greatest
by fishes, birds, mammals, and reptiles. ③ Across
European player of the first seven decades of the
each group, the percentage of populations that
20th century.
remained stable was less than 10%. ④ The group
with the smallest difference between the percentage ① 캐디로 골프 경력을 시작했다.
of populations that increased and populations ② 1913년에 미국에 맞서 프랑스 팀을 승리로 이끌었다.
that decreased was birds. ⑤ On the other hand, ③ 골프에 관한 최초의 프랑스어 책을 출간했다.
amphibians showed the largest difference between ④ 제 1 차 세계 대전 시 부상을 입어 선수 생활을 완전히
‌
the percentage of populations that increased and 그만두었다.
populations that decreased, with the percentage of ⑤ 모로코에서 골프 코스를 재설계하는 것을 도왔다.
populations that decreased more than double that of
populations that increased.

27 22053-0257 28 22053-0258
Friends of Hotel Sunrise에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 2022 MWRA Annual Poster Contest에 관한 다음 안내문의
않는 것은? 내용과 일치하는 것은?
Friends of Hotel Sunrise 2022 MWRA Annual Poster Contest

Topic: All About STEM
A five-star exclusive members club that is free
to join and comes with great benefits Create a poster showing people working in
Welcome to Friends of Hotel Sunrise, the the water or wastewater sector, as it relates to
online portal connecting you instantly to Science, Technology, Engineering or Math
exclusive benefits when directly booking with (STEM).
us. You will receive the lowest room rates, room Eligibility: The poster contest is open to all
upgrades, late room checkout, and other special grade 10–12 students in the Massachusetts
deals as a member. Water Resources Authority (MWRA) service
Membership Benefits area. Only students living in the service area are
•Room upgrade to the next level
‌
eligible to enter.
•10% off room rates
‌
Entry Requirement: Posters should be no

•20% off your bill in our restaurants
‌
smaller than 8.5×11 inches.

•10% off laundry fee
Prizes: First prize is a $100 gift card, 2nd prize
‌
•Free water & free wireless Internet

is a $50 gift card, and 3rd prize is a $25 gift
‌
Notes card.
•Room upgrades are subject to availability.
Deadline: Entries must be postmarked by
‌
•The restaurant discount offer is not applicable

Friday, November 11. Early entries are
‌
to breakfast, mini-bar, brunch or any special

encouraged.
promotions.
•Membership benefits only apply to members
‌
Submission Address: Massachusetts Water
staying at the hotel and not to any third Resources Authority 2 Griffin Way Chelsea,
parties. MA 02150
You can read the full terms and conditions of If you still have questions,
your membership on our webpage [click here]. please send us an email or give us a call.
askandanswer@mwra.com / 617-305-5646
① 무료로 회원 가입을 할 수 있다.

① 수상 스포츠 분야 종사자를 보여 주는 포스터의 경연이다.
② 회원에게 객실 퇴실 시간 연장 혜택을 제공한다.
② 어느 지역에 사는 학생이든 지원할 수 있다.
③ 회원 혜택으로 세탁 요금을 10% 할인해 준다.
④ 호텔 식당에서 아침 식사 시 회원 할인 혜택이 있다. ③ 출품작 크기는 8.5×11인치 이상이어야 한다.
⑤ 호텔 투숙 회원에게만 회원 혜택을 준다. ④ 3위 입상자는 50달러 상품권을 받는다.

⑤ 10월 11일까지 소인이 찍힌 출품작만 받는다.

www.ebsi.co.kr
29 22053-0259 30 22053-0260
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한

것은?
Flightlessness and predation are undeniably
connected, and birds living on islands or remote Theorists in the field of animal ethics often
lakes, ① where predation was nonexistent or very assume that there is a clear difference between
low, became flightless because the major reason the suffering caused by non-human sources and
for using their wings was absent. However, there the suffering caused by human beings. Only the
are a number of puzzles. Why, if predation was the (A) former / latter merits attention, because
control, have several birds on the continental land morality only concerns acts committed by moral
masses ② reaching the semiflightless stage in the agents. Thus, in seeking to answer the problem of
face of numerous predators? Also, why did birds the fox and the rabbit (should we save the rabbit
become flightless on islands with predators which from the fox?), Regan has suggested that only acts
could certainly be expected to prey upon ③ them? that are committed by moral agents count; where
Obviously, it is not solely the lack of predators that there are no moral agents, no harm has been done.
④ reduces a bird’s need to fly, as is so often stated. The suffering of the rabbit mauled by a fox is,
While no predation is optimum, for some birds quite simply, (B) inside / outside moral concern.
even the presence of predators did not force them However, this view has also been criticized.
to use their wings ⑤ sufficiently to maintain them, Dale Jamieson has pointed out that, applied to
and they have lost or almost lost their use. The human beings, it would mean that we should
only possible conclusion is that it was the level of only help Matilda if she is attacked by a person,
predation, not the lack of predators, that produced but not if she is about to be hit by a tree. The
flightlessness. (C) ridiculousness / validity of this conclusion
✽optimum: 최적 조건의, 최적의 would suggest that suffering must bear some
relevance regardless of whether or not its source is
human.
✽maul: (짐승 등이) 할퀴어 상처를 입히다
(A) (B) (C)

① former inside validity
……
……
② former outside validity
……
……
③ latter inside ridiculousness
……
……
④ latter outside ridiculousness
……
……
⑤ latter outside validity
……
……


32 22053-0262
31 22053-0261
Leaders understand in
building mass movements, a language parallel
The relative cheapness and growing variety of
to and separate from the policy detail preferred
dress had effects. Lighter fabrics
by officials and academics. Rather than confront
meant adding layers to keep warm. And this opened
the British on their own terms, Mahatma Gandhi
up fresh opportunities for fashionable combinations
wrong-footed colonial authorities with small
and accessories such as ribbons, hats and
personal acts like collecting salt and spinning
handkerchiefs wrapped around the neck. Patterned
cotton on a simple spinning wheel to highlight the
neckerchiefs moved within the reach of poor
search for self-sufficiency and independence. The
workers and peasants. The wheel of acquisition
spinning wheel even appeared on an early version
and replacement accelerated. While the price of a
of the Indian flag. Mandela too had a talent for
coat or gown was declining, the actual proportion
the heart-stopping gesture, reaching out to white
of income spent on clothing went up, as people’s
South Africans by wearing the Springbok rugby
wardrobes became more varied and changed more
shirt or travelling to a remote Afrikaner community
frequently. In 1700, French servants spent 10 per
to take tea with the ninety-four-year-old widow of
cent of their earnings on clothes. By 1780, it had
Henrik Verwoerd, a key architect of apartheid. Both
risen to a third. Ironically, it was probably the urban
Mandela and Gandhi demonstrated that humility
poor who changed their clothes most frequently, for
and ethical integrity can generate more political
theirs wore out most quickly, without the benefits
legitimacy than displays of force or expertise.
of soap, laundry and repair. [3점] ✽wrong-foot: 곤경에 빠뜨리다
✽✽Afrikaner: 아프리카너(남아프리카 태생의 백인)
① moral ✽✽✽apartheid: 아파르트헤이트(예전 남아프리카공화국의 인종 차별 정책)
② political
③ aesthetic ① the value of sacrifice
④ paradoxical ② the need to take risks
⑤ psychological ③ the role of symbolism

④ the harm of selfishness
⑤ the potential of education

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33 22053-0263 34 22053-0264
Exchanges that take place in traditional markets When manners are forgotten, the meal as a social
and bazaars, among villagers, or along trade routes occasion disappears, as is already happening.
frequently are . People now eat distractedly before a TV screen,
B e c a u s e m a ny o f t h e g o o d s s o l d i n t h e s e fill their bodies in the street, or walk around the
transactions are hand-produced and vary in quality, workplace with a sandwich in their hands. When
the market “reference” point for a product covers a I first taught in America, I was shocked to find
wide range of prices. Ultimately, a merchant who students carrying into the lecture hall pizzas and
is selling a higher quality product and is a good hot dogs, which they proceeded to stuff into their
negotiator should obtain a higher price compared faces while staring in mild curiosity at the person
with competitors. But uneven supply and uneven on the platform. Later, colleagues told me that this
demand — and small numbers of buyers and behavior didn’t spring from the university ethos; it
sellers — also create price fluctuations. Strong began at school — it began in the home itself.
relationships and social ties may also matter. In the Already the most important moment of social
end, negotiation establishes what a product is worth renewal — on which families depend for their
to a particular buyer and seller at a particular point inner self-confidence, and out of which serious
in time. A fair price today may not be a fair price friendships grow — was becoming marginal for
tomorrow. [3점] the young. ,
and it is not surprising if a generation of children
① limited to those of personal property
brought up in this way should find it difficult or
② operated secretly to avoid competition
alien to settle down in any relationship other than a
③ initiated by high loyalty to local markets
provisional and temporary one. [3점]
④ associated with hard bargaining over price ✽ethos: (특정 집단·사회의) 기풍 ✽✽provisional: 일시적인
⑤ related to the development of transportation
① Eating was shrinking into a function
② Sharing food was expanding our social networks
③ Rituals were shaping how we prepared our meals
④ Social media were influencing people’s food
‌
choices
⑤ People were becoming indifferent to the
‌
ethnicity of food

[36 ~ 37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것

35 22053-0265
을 고르시오.
Social libraries in colonial America experienced

36 22053-0266
some competition from “circulating libraries,”
which made books available for a fee. They were Imagine a child who wears toy glasses with
generally run out of newspaper offices, bookstores, red-coloured lenses. Perhaps, like me, you were
and coffeehouses in towns with enough readers to once that child! If so, you would have noticed
constitute a market. ① A circulating library owner that the red tint dimmed other colours and gave
usually advanced the capital necessary to acquire a objects a spectral pinkish-grey tinge. Colours
collection, then rented it by the book or time period burst back to life once the glasses come off.
(or combination of the two) to anyone willing to
pay. ② Because profits depended on circulation, (A) When a colour-blind person puts on such new
‌
owners stocked books that circulated most. ③ As glasses for the first time, they respond with
a result, they preferred novels, a rapidly growing deep emotion: a man in his fifties who received
category of reading. ④ Basically the argument such a gift wept at the bright clarity of the
against novels was that they would cause people colours.
to have unrealistic expectations of life. ⑤ Where
(B) Another stood in amazement staring at the
‌
social libraries avoided stories depicting romance,
trees and sky, crying with disbelief at the
murders, hangings, and scandals of popular interest
beautiful contrast between the green and the
that papers like the Boston Gazette regularly
blue. Witnessing such powerful expressions of
reported, circulating libraries embraced them.
feeling reminds us of the wonder of colour.
(C) Now imagine the reverse: How would it be to
‌
have had red-green colour blindness from birth
and then to put on glasses that enabled you to
see colours in their correct wavelengths? Such
corrective glasses do exist.
✽spectral: 스펙트럼의 ✽✽tinge: 빛깔
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

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[38~ 39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장

37 22053-0267
One thing that consumerism gets right is

obvious. Human beings have needs that are 38 22053-0268
directly addressed by consumption.

The need to provide lodging for these travelers
(A) Higher up, we have a need for self-esteem and gave rise to the concept of the public house in
‌
status. At the top of this pyramid is the need for Britain.
what he calls self-actualization (if you like, you
The Romans brought their tradition of
could substitute the word salvation here). The
tradesmen’s pictorial signs to the British Isles along
lowest needs in Maslow’s hierarchy tend to
with the concept of the public house. ( ① ) Most
occupy our attention until they are met.
ancient people lived their entire lives confined to a
(B) Only then can we move up the scale to focus relatively small geographic area. ( ② ) However, the
‌
on higher needs. We might argue about whether widespread nature of the Roman Empire required
this is the way things should be, but it is not oversight, and thus travel, by Roman officials.
hard to accept this as a generally accurate ( ③ ) Public houses have continued to exist ever
picture of what actually happens. If we are since and have become an important part of British
hungry, extremely tired or under physical culture. ( ④ ) By the Middle Ages the public house
threat, we are not the most loving and sociable was a well-established part of the commercial
creatures. landscape. ( ⑤ ) Records indicate that by 1393 the
(C) A useful tool for understanding the relationship law in England required inns to post signs, and by
‌
between consumption and needs has been 1419 laws had been passed to regulate the size and
provided by Abraham Maslow. His hierarchy placement of these signs.
o f h u m a n n e e d s b eg i n s w i t h t h e b a s i c ✽lodging: (임시) 숙소
physiological and safety needs, proceeding to

needs for belonging and love. [3점]
✽salvation: 구원
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

39 22053-0269 40 22053-0270

Indeed, it was not until the turn of the century 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
that that new metal could be produced cheaply Descriptively, Nietzsche is aware that most
and began to replace brass as materials for individuals are anything but creative. Fearing
cooking pots. what his neighbor will say about him if he were to
deviate from convention, modern man conforms,
Technology could make new products and
thereby making him “seem like [a] factory
materials available but it could not ensure their
[product].” Rather than look to himself as a source
acceptance in the marketplace. It was left to
of authority regarding how he ought to think and
designers to play a role in gauging popular taste
act, the individual submits to the authority of others
and aspirations and in transforming new materials
in the form of public opinion. Nietzsche describes
into desirable goods. ( ① ) That was sometimes a
such a man as one who “has evaded his genius and
relatively easy task and sometimes not. ( ② ) The
... now looks furtively to left and right, behind him
semi-synthetic material, Celluloid, for example,
and all about him.” Modern man is empty, and “in
could easily be used as a substitute for more
the end such a man becomes impossible to get hold
expensive, highly desirable materials such as
of, since he is wholly exterior, without kernel, a
jet, coral, and ivory and it was quickly accepted
worn-out, painted bag of clothes, a decorated ghost
as such. ( ③ ) Aluminium proved much more
that cannot inspire even fear and certainly not pity.”
challenging to designers. ( ④ ) Even then, it was
If creativity consists in being one’s own source of
regarded with some suspicion because of its
authority — as opposed to subordinating oneself to
proximity to food. ( ⑤ ) Only in the inter-war years
the authority of others by conforming to customs
of the twentieth century were designers able to
— then Nietzsche is clear that as a descriptive
visualize aluminium products as modern objects in
matter, most individuals do not cultivate creativity.
their own right. [3점] ✽evade: ✽✽furtively:
회피하다 남몰래, 은밀히
✽brass: 황동 (제품) ✽✽jet: 흑석(黑石) ✽✽✽proximity: 근접 ✽✽✽kernel: 알맹이
According to Nietzsche, most individuals in

the modern world (A) creativity in that
they (B) customs and public opinion
when thinking and acting.
(A) (B)
① lack ⋯⋯ obey
② value ⋯⋯ obey
③ suppress ⋯⋯ change
④ reject ⋯⋯ ignore
⑤ pursue ⋯⋯ ignore

www.ebsi.co.kr

41 22053-0271
Teach and learn to analyze contemporary 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

American film with particular attention paid to
① What Is Cinematic Language?
story lines and plot, genre conventions, thematic
② How to Become an Influential Movie Critic
meaning and interpretation, and characterization.
③ Why Has the Film Industry’s Racial Problem
‌
(a) Emphasize that students become critical, Repeated?
visually literate “readers” of movie texts and that ④ Will Audiences Return to Theaters in the Era of
‌
they learn to exercise critical thinking and analysis Home Cinema?
skills to move beyond the entertainment value of ⑤ The Core of an American Film Course:
‌
film to its moral and educational utility, particularly Challenging Cultural Biases
the ideological points-of-view embedded in cinema.
The larger goal of such a course is to teach students
how to critically analyze and evaluate films as
cultural texts.
Teachers must take (b) seriously the idea
that popular film can be a vehicle for social
commentary, analysis, and criticism. They can
stress the examination of both how a film works
as a cultural medium and how and why it affects
the viewer the way it does. We can learn how
to use popular American films to understand
competing perspectives on American history,
culture, and society. We must acknowledge, then,
that the shaping of worldviews and attitudes about 42 22053-0272
difference is (c) determined by the constraints of 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
[3점]
one’s cultural orientation and societal ideologies.
Most students have had their lives shaped ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
by/among homogenous groups. Consequently,
they have grown up with biases they have never
(d) refused to question. Therefore, we must
endeavor also in this “course” to offer ways that
the students can understand and challenge their
own sense of self and worldview by (e) expanding
their informational bases, uncovering truths, and
dispelling misconceptions in media portrayals.
✽homogenous: 동질의


(A) At age 21, while working in San Francisco,
Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in 1906 in Farnsworth made his first successful electronic
southwestern Utah in a log cabin built by his television transmission. Continuing to perfect (d) his
grandfather. As a young boy, Farnsworth loved system, he sought investors to fund his invention
to read Popular Science and science books. efforts. One prominent financier showed some
By the time he entered high school, (a) he had interest. Farnsworth gave the man a demonstration
already converted most of the family’s household of the first all-electronic television. The financier
appliances to electrical power. While in high agreed to fund his work. Two weeks after his 22nd
school, he sketched out for his chemistry teacher birthday, Farnsworth made his big breakthrough.
his idea for an “image dissector” that could He announced to the press that his new image
revolutionize television. dissector would finally make electronic television
✽image dissector: (라디오·TV의) 해상관(解像管) possible. The San Francisco Chronicle splashed
(B) Farnsworth’s picture on the front page, praised
While Farnsworth enjoyed his success and plotted (e) his “revolutionary” television system, and
further developments, media giant RCA was described his image dissector as “an ordinary quart
frustrated with its own effort to build an electronic jar that a housewife uses to preserve fruit.”
television. Executives learned that Farnsworth ✽splash: 대서특필하다
welcomed visits from other inventors, so they sent

their top television expert, Vladimir Zworykin,
to see the young inventor. According to many 43 22053-0273

reports, Zworykin took obvious advantage of the
적절한 것은?
22-year-old’s hospitality and spent three days
closely examining the inventions at Farnsworth’s ① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D)
lab. When Farnsworth showed him his image ③ (C)-(D)-(B) ④ (D)-(B)-(C)
dissector, Zworykin expressed admiration, and ⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)
several witnesses heard (b) him say, “This is a
beautiful instrument. I wish I’d invented it.” 44 22053-0274

(C)
Farnsworth’s openness proved to be his downfall. ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
Zworykin returned to RCA and developed his own
electronic television. While Farnsworth was still 45 22053-0275
raising money to mass-produce his television, RCA 윗글의 Farnsworth에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
launched a massive marketing campaign claiming ① 고등학생 시절 해상관에 대한 아이디어를 화학 교사에게
‌
it had invented the electronic television. Although 설명했다.
Farnsworth filed a series of patent-violation ② 다른 발명가들이 자신을 방문하는 것을 환영했다.
lawsuits against RCA — and eventually won after ③ RCA를 상대로 한 특허 침해 소송에서 결국 패소했다.
years of costly courtroom battles — the damage ④ 자신의 발명 노력에 대해 한 자산가에게 자금 지원을 받았다.
was done. RCA beat (c) him to the market and ⑤ 자신의 발명품으로 전자 텔레비전을 개발할 수 있다고
‌
temporarily rewrote history in the process. 언론에 발표했다.


04 22053-0279
대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

Lv. 15 ?
④
③
01 22053-0276

시오. ②
① ⑤
① 체육관의 리모델링을 위한 기금 모금 행사를 안내하려고
‌
② 새로 개관할 학교 체육관 이름 짓기 공모전을 홍보하려고
‌
③ 방과 후 스포츠 프로그램의 만족도 조사 결과를 발표하려고
‌
④ 학교 체육관 개관식에 자원 봉사자로 일할 학생을 모집하려고
‌
⑤ 배우고 싶은 실내 스포츠에 관한 설문 조사 참여를 부탁
‌
하려고
02 22053-0277
대화를 듣고, 두 사람이 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르

시오.
① 야간 범죄가 발생했을 때 대처하는 요령

② 가로등을 많이 설치하여 얻게 되는 이점
③ 에너지를 절약하기 위한 다양한 실천 방안
④ 야간 조명 교체를 위한 예산 증액의 필요성
⑤ 많은 관광객을 유치하기 위한 시민들의 노력
03 22053-0278 05 22053-0280
① 모델 － 사진작가 ① 노트북 교체하기

② 영화배우 - 분장사 ② 휴대용 스피커 설치하기
③ 환자 － 물리치료사 ③ 동영상 파일 다시 내려받기
④ 고객 - 화장품 판매원 ④ 미디어 관리 센터에 연락하기
⑤ 시나리오 작가 - 영화감독 ⑤ 학생들에게 교실 변경 알리기

06 22053-0281 09 22053-0284
대화를 듣고, 남자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점] Skyblue Lake Eco Walk에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지
않는 것을 고르시오.
① $18
② $20 ① 지구의 날을 기념하기 위해 열리는 행사이다.
③ $25 ② 참가자들은 호수 주변의 쓰레기를 주울 것이다.
④ $45 ③ 산책은 공원 광장에서 시작한다.
⑤ $50 ④ 추가 요금을 내고 반려견을 동반할 수 있다.
⑤ 산책 중 찍은 사진이 공원 게시판에 전시될 것이다.
07 22053-0282
대화를 듣고, 여자가 지난 주말에 부모님을 방문하지 않은 이유를

고르시오.
① 휴일 근무가 있어서
② 부모님이 여행 중이어서
③ 아픈 아들을 돌봐야 해서
④ 기차 예약을 하지 못해서
⑤ 부모님이 이번 주에 오시기로 해서
10 22053-0285
다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 두 사람이 주문할 여행용 가방을

고르시오.
08 22053-0283
Travel Suitcases
대화를 듣고, Dream Tomorrow Concert에 관해 언급되지 않은 Model Size Price Expandable Exterior Type
① A 18 inches $280 × Hard-sided
① 주최 단체 ② B 24 inches $300 ○ Soft-sided

② 특별 초청 연주자
③ C 24 inches $350 × Hard-sided

③ 공연 장소
④ 입장권 구입 방법
④ D 26 inches $380 ○ Hard-sided
⑤ 수익금 기부처 ⑤ E 32 inches $410 ○ Soft-sided

www.ebsi.co.kr
11 22053-0286 14 22053-0289
대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장
① Definitely. He’s at the hospital right now. Man:

② We should go to the party. Get ready now.
① Sounds very convenient. I’ll install it right away.
③ Don’t worry. The doctor said you’d be okay.
② I know. That’s why I always use this library app.
④ I’ll get you some medicine. I think that’ll do.
‌
③ Please let me know as soon as you get the
⑤ Okay. I’ll call and cancel your doctor’s
‌
information.
‌
appointment.
④ On second thought, I don’t want to place an
‌
order for it.
⑤ How come I didn’t know that? I’ve already
‌
bought the book.
12 22053-0287
대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장

① I’ll pick you up at the subway station. Meet me

‌
at Exit 5.
② That’s a relief! I don’t want to go out in this
‌
weather.
③ Don’t worry. I’ll go get it while you take a
‌
shower.
④ I’m afraid I might be a little late. Don’t wait for
‌
me.
⑤ You’d better hurry. It might start raining any
‌
minute.
15 22053-0290
13 22053-0288 다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Miranda가 아버지에게 할 말로 가장

적절한 것을 고르시오. Miranda:
Woman:
① I don’t think you’re too old to drive a car.
① Thank you, if it’s not too much trouble for you. ② You don’t have to worry about repair costs.
‌
② No problem. Just drop by my office after 3 p.m. ③ I’ll just be more careful when I’m behind the
‌
③ If you ask me, I think it’s a little bit monotonous. wheel.
④ Actually, I haven’t finished reading your essay ④ Why don’t you use public transport instead of
‌
‌
yet. driving?
⑤ Fine. Don’t forget to submit your application by ⑤ Would you like me to help you renew your
‌
‌
then. driver’s license?

[16 ~ 17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오. 18 22053-0293

16 22053-0291
여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

Dear Valued Customer,
① eco-friendly alternatives to plastic
② global efforts to reduce plastic waste I’m particularly excited to be writing you
③ various sources of microplastics in the ocean because I’ve got a huge announcement that
④ properties of different types of microplastics I’ve been waiting more than eight months
⑤ impacts of microplastics on marine organisms to make. I’m thrilled to officially invite you
‌
to our brand-new premium membership
program! Our expansive membership
offerings are a result of all the things you
told us you wanted on the many surveys
leading up to this launch. Of course,
the magazine you hold in your hands is
certainly one vehicle to get you there,
but this premium membership program
is a fantastic way for all you clean-eating
devotees to level up with even more content
and exclusive access to experts. We’ve
17 22053-0292 created a library of cooking, wellness and
언급된 제품이 아닌 것은? nutrition videos for you, and our top experts
① fishing nets will host monthly webinars where you can
② baby bottles directly ask questions. All of this for just
③ synthetic blankets $60 a year (that’s $5 a month). Please visit
④ toys cleaneating.com/signup and learn more

⑤ toothpaste about all these amazing benefits in depth. I
really hope to see you there!
Sincerely,
Anika Robinson
Editor in Chief
✽webinar: 웨비나(인터넷상의 세미나)

① 연회비를 인상하게 된 배경을 설명하려고
② 새로운 고품격 회원 프로그램을 안내하려고
③ 구내식당의 위생 문제가 개선되었음을 보고하려고
④ 회원 대상 설문 조사에 참여해 줄 것을 요청하려고
⑤ 요리 전문가의 강습 시간이 변경되었음을 공지하려고

www.ebsi.co.kr
19 22053-0294 20 22053-0295
다음 글에 드러난 Harry의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Harry closed out his rented room, bought One of the consequences of poor financial
provisions, and headed out to his new property in literacy, beyond the obvious mistakes of poor
his new Jeep. He felt like singing all the way, the financial planning, is the inability to understand
air was so fresh and the sights all seemed to be and direct that financial future for ourselves. Times
beckoning him home. There were several small are changing, and the responsibility is shifting to us
sheds and two other buildings. The first building to be active participants in directing our own future.
was built of rough wood and had a metal roof and Given the new economic reality facing us, I believe
a lot of windows. When he thrust open the heavy that most people are woefully underprepared for
door and peeped inside, all his expectations were securing a comfortable retirement. What we need
turned upside down. Dirt and litter was all over the today is a fundamental paradigm shift away from
place. It looked like it had been in a battle. Many of our passive dependence on systems — which may
the wooden bunks were broken and there were no or may not still exist when we’re ready to retire
springs. The thought that he had too many things to — to take care of our retirement; instead, we
do to settle down there left him in total despair. must begin to educate ourselves about the basic
✽provisions: 식료품, 식량 ✽✽shed: 헛간, 창고 economic reality confronting us. Think of financial
literacy as an investment in your own human
① lonely → thrilled capital. Inherent in each of us is the untapped
② nervous → relieved potential of financial awareness. The knowledge
③ excited → hopeless you gain today is an investment that can pay off in
④ doubtful → satisfied the future.
⑤ confident → ashamed ✽woefully: 애석하게도
① 노후를 위해 젊을 때부터 건강한 생활 습관을 길러야 한다.

‌
② 자신의 경제적 상황을 고려하지 않는 금융 투자는 지양해야
‌
한다.
③ 노후의 경제적 안정을 위해 퇴직 연령을 최대한 늦춰야
‌
한다.
④ 국민의 안정된 노후를 보장하는 사회적 제도가 갖춰져야
‌
한다.
⑤ 미래에 직면할 경제적 현실에 대비해 금융 지식을 갖춰야
‌
한다.

21 22053-0296 22 22053-0297
밑줄 친 alone in a crowd of sheep이 다음 글에서 의미하는 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

바로 가장 적절한 것은?
When it comes to decarbonizing transportation,
In one study, students read about campus issues we need to look past technological magic bullets.
and were given (false and random) information Electric vehicles are a hugely needed solution,
about what a panel of students had decided. The but climate scientists have repeatedly found that
students generally went along with the panel’s they are not sufficient on their own. California’s
recommendations, but they denied doing so out Air Resources Board found that even if every car
of conformity. However, they thought that other in the state were electric, and 75 percent of the
students would go along because of conformity. electricity came from renewable sources, driving
People do not see in themselves any desire to would need to decline by 15 percent for the state
conform to others, so they do not chalk up their to reach its climate goals. In Hawaii, a 100 percent
own behavior to conformity. The catch is that electric vehicle policy will not be enough to end
conformity pressures and processes may be mostly the state’s dependence on imported oil without
outside of consciousness, so people do not realize complementary policies, including transit, that can
that they are conforming. They can see conformity convince people to drive less. Project Drawdown,
in others but not in themselves. As the authors put one of the most comprehensive efforts to model the
it, the result is that the individual thinks he or she is ability of different policies to reduce greenhouse
“alone in a crowd of sheep.” gases, has concluded that the most immediate
✽chalk up ~ to ...: ~을 …의 탓으로 돌리다
transportation priority in urban areas is not electric
vehicle policy but maximizing the share of trips
① not following other people’s thinking
taken by bicycle and public transit.
② recognized as the sole leader by others
✽decarbonizing transportation: 탈탄소화 수송
③ being watched by people who are nearby (화석 연료를 사용하지 않는 수송)
④ feeling overwhelmed by too many demands
⑤ staying alert in a boring or monotonous situation ① 기후 변화에 대응하기 위해 신재생 에너지 설비 증설이 시급
‌
하다.
② 해외에서 시행되고 있는 전기 차 보급 정책에 대한 분석이
‌
중요하다.
③ 전기 차 보급의 활성화는 국가의 적극적인 정책 지원이 뒷받
‌
침되어야 한다.
④ 주민들이 실생활에서 실천할 수 있는 더 현실적인 친환경
‌
캠페인이 요구된다.
⑤ 탄소 저감을 위해 전기 차 정책에만 의존하는 것보다 차량
‌
운행 감소가 필요하다.

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23 22053-0298 24 22053-0299
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Managing the sport and media relationship is Given their status as part of the family, with
vital for not only the success of sport organisations better health care and nutrition than perhaps ever
but the media as well. Media have become just as before, in some respects the quality of life for many
reliant on sport for content to broadcast to sport dogs is at an all-time high. However, this view
consumers to attract large audiences. But in order of dogs as part of the family has a downside for
to provide this content sport has had to relinquish some dogs. It is a wonderful thing that so many of
some traditions, rules and formats in order to make us consider our companion animals as part of our
them attractive to media which places unique family, but if we extend this to the point where we
pressures on sport managers. For example, the expect them to behave like human members of our
broadcasting of golf saw the original match play family, without teaching them how we wish them
format change to stroke play with the leaders of to behave, then we do them a disservice. This can
the tournament, who are typically the big names in extend to assigning motives to their behavior that
golf, teeing off last to elevate audience interest and may not exist, such as guilt, attempts to dominate
viewership in the final stages of tournaments. In human household members, and similar. The way
the sport of tennis, a tie-break rule was introduced in which we treat our dogs is influenced by our
to quickly declare a winner at the end of earlier sets beliefs of how our dogs perceive their world; if we
in a match when games were tied at six all. This over or underestimate their sensory or cognitive
rule speeds up the winning of sets in order to keep abilities, or their ability to feel certain emotions,
matches shorter so television viewers are exposed we may inadvertently be putting them in situations
to an increased number of matches and different detrimental to their welfare.
players throughout the duration of the daily ✽inadvertently: 무심코 ✽✽detrimental: 해로운
broadcast.
✽relinquish: ✽✽tee
① Set Realistic Expectations for Your Companion
포기하다, 내주다 off: 티샷을 하다, 제1타를 치다
‌
Dog
① significant events in the history of sport ② Your Dog Has the Same Emotions That You
‌
② efforts to reduce the time it takes to play sport Have
③ changes in sport made to meet the needs of ③ Humans’ Love for Their Dogs Can Be Beyond
‌
‌
media Words
④ t h e d eve l o p m e n t o f s p o r t b r o a d c a s t i n g ④ Things to Consider When Choosing a
‌
‌
technology Companion Dog
⑤ the need to have background knowledge of a ⑤ How Companion Dogs Improve the Quality of
‌
‌
sport to enjoy it Their Owner’s Life

25 22053-0300 26 22053-0301
다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? David Bustill Bowser에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는

것은?
Shipbuilding Orders of the World and the Republic of Korea
40 David Bustill Bowser, unlike his cousin and
35.1 (Unit: million CGT)
30.06 29.1
World Korea mentor Robert Douglass, was basically a “weekend”
30
artist. His paintings grew out of a desire to record
13.41 19.24 personal impressions and ideas; but, to support
20 (38%) 9.8
14.02 7.92 8.19
(26%)
(34%)
(43%)
himself and his family, Bowser was obliged to
10 2.24
(16%) work as a painter of emblems and banners for fire
companies and fraternal organizations. In 1852 an
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
exhibition review in the New York Herald praised
*The percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number.
Bowser for his marine paintings. He has also
The above graph shows the shipbuilding orders been credited with numerous portraits of eminent
of the world and the Republic of Korea, and persons, including two of Abraham Lincoln. One
Korea’s shares in global shipbuilding orders from Bowser portrait of Lincoln, now lost, is believed to
2016 to 2020. ① In 2016, the world’s shipbuilding have been commissioned, and posed for, by Lincoln
orders were 14.02 million compensated gross himself; the other is now located in a home for
tonnes (CGT), and Korea’s shipbuilding orders aged African Americans, in Philadelphia. Because
were 2.24 million CGT, which were 16 percent of Bowser was not a full-time artist, his output was
the global market. ② In 2017, both the world and limited; he brought to his relatively few works,
Korea’s shipbuilding orders showed a considerable however, an originality that compensated for his
increase from the previous year, and Korea’s share lack of technical expertise.
in global shipbuilding orders increased from the ✽fraternal organization: 친목회, 공제 조직
previous year by 10 percentage points. ③ Of all the ✽✽eminent: 저명한
graphed periods, both the world and Korea had the

① 자신의 사촌인 Robert Douglass가 그의 멘토였다.
largest shipbuilding orders in 2018, when Korea
② 가족을 부양하기 위해 상징물과 깃발을 그렸다.
comprised 38 percent of the global shipbuilding
③ 1852년에 바다를 그린 그림으로 찬사를 받았다.
orders. ④ In 2019, the world’s shipbuilding orders
④ Lincoln의 의뢰로 그렸다는 초상화가 현재 보존되어 있다.
fell by 6 million CGT from the previous year, and
⑤ 독창성으로 자신의 기술적 전문성의 부족을 보완했다.
Korea’s share in global shipbuilding orders fell by
4 percentage points from the previous year. ⑤ In
2020, the global shipbuilding orders continued to
decline, and Korea’s share in global shipbuilding
orders also declined by 9 percentage points from
the previous year.
✽CGT: 환산톤(선박 건조량을 나타내는 단위)

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27 22053-0302 28 22053-0303
Cordless Steam Iron에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 Adirondack Expressions Art Camp에 관한 다음 안내문의
않는 것은? 내용과 일치하는 것은?
Cordless Steam Iron Adirondack Expressions Art Camp

Filling the water tank The camp is for teenagers aged 13 –18 who
■ Hold the iron in a tilted position, then fill the
‌
want to learn about art and create art projects.

water tank using a measuring cup.
General Information
■ It is recommended to use purified water.
The camp will be at Nigra Arts Center.
‌
■
■ Do not exceed the max level on the water
‌
‌
■ Participants can choose to stay overnight at

tank.
‌
Steam ironing the camp or attend just for the day.

■ The overnight accommodations will be in
■ Position the iron vertically on its charging
‌
‌
base. local supervised apartments.

■ Ensure that the steam control is in the OFF
‌
Classes and Workshops
position. Participants will take two classes per day in
■ Connect the plug to a suitable power outlet.
‌
‌
disciplines such as:

The blue light on the charging base will ■ Drawing and painting ■ Creative writing
‌ ‌
illuminate. ■ Printmaking
‌ ■ Wood art ‌
■ Turn the temperature dial to a setting within

‌
Bookbinding ■ Gourmet cooking

‌
■‌
the steam range.
‌ ‌

■ When the indicator lamp on the handle of the

‌
Dates
iron turns red, the iron is heating up. ■ Overnight: August 15-20, 2022
‌
■ The heating symbol

‌
will turn green once ■ Day Only: August 16-20, 2022
‌
the iron achieves the desired temperature and Price

is ready to use. ■ Overnight: $1,350 — includes room and board
‌
■ Turn on the steam control and begin ironing.

‌
■ Day Only (9 a.m. to 3 p.m.): $600 — except

‌
After ironing for lunch, no meals are provided.

■ After use, turn the temperature dial to MIN
‌‌
‌ ※ On the last day, an exhibition of the art
‌
and disconnect the iron from the power outlet. created by the participants will open to
■ Let the iron cool down and empty the water
‌
family and friends.

tank to prevent the built-up of residue in the ※ For more information visit the Nigra Arts
‌
water tank.
Center site (www.nigraarts.org).
✽tilted: 기울어진, 경사진 ✽✽residue: 잔여물, 잔류물
✽gourmet: 미식가의
① 정제수로 물탱크를 채우는 것이 좋다.
② 전원을 연결하면 충전대의 파란색 불이 켜진다. ① 13세 미만은 누구나 참가할 수 있다.
③ 가열되는 중에는 손잡이에 있는 표시등에 빨간색이
‌
② 참가자는 하루에 세 개의 수업을 들을 수 있다.
나타난다. ③ 숙박과 비숙박 프로그램의 캠프 시작일이 같다.
④ 사용할 수 있을 만큼 충분히 가열되면 가열 기호가 녹색으로
‌
④ 비숙박 참가자에게도 아침과 저녁 식사가 제공된다.

바뀐다.
⑤ 마지막 날 참가자 가족이 작품 전시회를 볼 수 있다.
‌
⑤ 사용 후에는 물탱크에 약간의 물을 남겨 두어야 한다.

29 22053-0304 30 22053-0305
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은

것은?
Dreaming, in fact, is our mind’s way of dealing
with issues that ① preoccupy our attention in Many predators use speed as a way of hunting
waking life. The body sleeps but the mind does not, their prey, though the acceleration of a predator
and it is through dreaming that our mind brings us is often more important than its top speed to
greater self-awareness and ② directs our focus to its success in hunting. The critical factor to the
those areas of our lives that need attention. Dreams outcome of a hunting chase is ① distance between
also reflect our hopes and desires, as well as our predator and prey at the time the chase begins. If
fears, insecurities, and weaknesses. ③ Being in the predator manages to get ② close enough to
tune with our dreams makes us more creative and its prey, it will have enough time to accelerate to
provides an ability to see situations in a new light. a speed that is higher than the prey. If the chase
Our dreams provide roadmaps of the direction begins with the predator too far from the prey, the
our lives should be going in and call to task those predator will not be able to ③ sustain its speed to
actions we should not be ④ taking. You could say catch it. This is of course if the predator and prey
that our dreams are our conscience and our advisor, engage in a ④ straight chase, which is often not the
and it is when we listen to the messages of our case; swerving and turning usually contribute to
dreams ⑤ where we begin to live a happier and the success or failure of the prey’s efforts to escape.
more fulfilled life. Interestingly enough, very fast animals that depend
on high speed to catch a prey animal often also
depend on very slow speeds for their success as
they try to position themselves to ⑤ widen the gap
between themselves and their prey. They do this
by stealth, and to be stealthy an animal needs to be
slow and silent.
✽swerve: 방향을 바꾸다

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32 22053-0307
As soon as we spot a thesis or hypothesis, we

31 22053-0306
immediately search around for an example which
Related to is territoriality. refutes the thesis. According to Sir Karl Popper, the
Human territoriality can be viewed as a strategy to sole function of a hypothesis is to invite refutation
control resources and people by controlling area. because from the refutation will arise a better
The desire to expand the territory under control hypothesis. Clearly a single refutation will destroy
in order to gain resources and opportunities is the certainty of a hypothesis. A claim that all swans
constrained by the time and energy required, as are white will be refuted by the first spotting of a
well as by the risks from exposure to predators black swan whereas to prove the hypothesis you
and enemies. It is suggestive that the mean area of would have to examine every single swan. There
the territory of long-established Greek villages is is a grave danger in this attitude. It excludes the
about 20 square kilometres. This corresponds to provocative hypothesis, the function of which
a radius of about two and a half kilometres, or an is to stimulate further exploration from which a
hour’s walk to get from the centre to the periphery better hypothesis will emerge. It also restricts us to
and back again. No cities built before about 1800 absolute hypotheses rather than statistical ones and
were larger than this. Only as successive transport in some fields this can hold up progress. What we
innovations were introduced — horse-drawn trams, require from a hypothesis is .
electric trams, buses, trains, underground trains, [3점]

cars — did the effective radius of urban settlements ✽provocative: 도발적인
increase, in proportion to the speed of transport.

✽periphery: 주변(부) ① an initial test of precision
② a usable scan of predictions
① bond ③ a public display of intelligence
② mobility ④ a total exclusion of biased opinions
③ diversity ⑤ a simple demonstration of existing theories
④ distribution
⑤ independence

33 22053-0308 34 22053-0309
Stress is complicated and depends on factors Seniors are becoming a demographic and
both inside and outside the individual. Stress is a economic fashion consumer group who
problem for us all. It represents one of the more . Many
easily demonstrable cases of a link between the of today’s seniors (defined as consumers older
body and the mind, and as such it is something than 50 years) are wealthier, healthier, and more
that a professional health psychologist needs to concerned with their appearance. They remain
be able to do something about. In some ways, as socially active and look for fashionable clothes.
we learn more about stress, combating it becomes They also pay close attention to their looks and use
more difficult. Not only does it become more fashion products to maintain an image of youth. By
complicated, but also the nature of stress changes staying up-to-date, they can establish and maintain
as the world keeps on changing. A consequence a younger image of themselves; they use fashion
of the modern world is higher levels of perceived apparel and accessories to communicate that they
stress. With every time-saving device comes a are still “in.” Fashion managers thus have come
new stressor. Computers are great because they to realize that reaching a certain age does not
do things quickly, but we rant and rave when they mean that people stop being interested in fashion.
crash. Mobile telephones can save lives, time and Because seniors are still eager to wear fashionable
trouble, but also create stress if we are worried that apparel, the market has become more and more
they might cause ill-health, or when we would rather compelling for fashion companies, especially
be out of the reach of others in order to have time considering the size of the senior market, its
to ourselves. We keep on . continued growth, and the high level of disposable
We are, therefore, unlikely to eliminate stress for income of these customers. [3점]
good. [3점] ✽demographic: 인구 통계학(상)의 ✽✽apparel: 의류
✽rant: 고함치다 ✽✽rave: 소리 지르다

① are aware of the downsides of the fashion
‌
① finding new ways to become stressed industry
② focusing only on ways to release stress ② make informed decisions when purchasing
‌
③ overlooking the benefits of utilizing technology fashion items
④ ignoring the clear warning signals from our body ③ perform a major role in the expansion of the
‌
⑤ regarding stress as just a part of our everyday fashion market
‌
routine ④ emphasize aesthetic attributes of clothing as well
‌
as functional ones
⑤ are more inclined towards brand loyalty rather
‌
than trendy designs

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[36~37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한

35 22053-0310
A common imperative shared by urban history 36 22053-0311

museums is relevance to their contemporary city
and its people as well as to visitors from afar. Perhaps the biggest advantage of the
Sydney is one of the most recognizable cities in maximum vs. typical performance distinction
the world, the subject of considerable international is that it enables us to account for the familiar
and national focus in the past ten years. ① For cases of underachievement.
those overseas, Sydney often represents a
cardboard cutout of utopian life: harbor, beaches, (A) T h e y a r e t a l e n t e d e n o u g h t o b e c o m e
‌
lush gardens, sunny climate, and carefree people. professionals, and even break into the top 100
② This image is relayed via tourism campaigns, of their sport’s world rankings. Furthermore,
soap operas, and other sorts of distorted cultural they are often talented enough to beat athletes
products. ③ Responsible travel marketing in the top 10, as well as occasionally record
campaigns are on the rise, encouraging travelers to wins against the number 1 player.
be more responsible in their behavior and protect (B) Yet their inability to repeat this often, and
‌
the destinations they are visiting. ④ For those their tendency to show much poorer levels of
who live in Australia and indeed in Sydney, the performance in a typical tournament, turn them
reality, of course, is somewhat different. ⑤ As the into a case of wasted talent. By the same token,
Museum of Sydney (MOS), there is an expectation in any field of achievement there are people
to encapsulate the broader history: to meet who fail to live up to their expectations because
international expectations with a focus on landmark their maximum performance isn’t displayed
places and events, without losing sight of the need frequently enough.
to remain relevant to the city’s own citizens.
(C) When the best a person can produce is
‌
✽imperative: 책무, 의무 ✽✽lush: 무성한, 우거진
✽✽✽encapsulate:
impressive, to the point of putting them in
요약하다
the top 5 or 10 per cent in a group, there is no
questioning the person’s talent. However, if
such levels of performance are rarely replicated,
then we can safely assume that the person is
underperforming. Many great athletes fall into
this category.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C)

③ (B)－(C)－(A) ④ (C)－(A)－(B)

⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)

[38~39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장

37 22053-0312
David O’Brien pointed out that familiarity

by itself does not lead to correct inferences.
38 22053-0313
Different domains present different implications

Musicians from the traditional entertainment
and assumptions.
establishments followed the film across to the
new premises, taking with them many of their
(A) We would not necessarily think the physician
‌
old musical habits.
a liar if the patient did not take the drug and
her pain went away nonetheless. Organisms
Films began by being short, exotic features in
have self-healing properties. Automobiles, on
the mixed programmes of the theatres and variety
the other hand, are not generally taken to be
theatres. Gradually, however, the film strips became
self-healing.
longer and longer. ( ① ) Films broke out of their
(B) The medical and mechanical diagnosis traditional framework and eventually became an
‌
domains, for example, provide a forum for independent form of entertainment, which gradually
considering logical arguments of the same form became too big for the traditional entertainment
that are usually interpreted differently. Suppose venues. ( ② ) The first real cinemas appeared in
a patient is told by a physician that her pain is Europe at the end of the nineteenth century and in
caused by inflammation and if a particular drug the United States at the turn of the twentieth. ( ③ )
is taken to reduce the inflammation then the Many were housed in shop premises and converted
pain will go away. theatres, but the first major wave of newly built
(C) For example, a mechanic tells you that your car cinemas started around 1905. ( ④ ) For example,
‌
is overheating and if the thermostat is replaced community singing was normally included in the
the overheating problem will stop. If the performances, just as in the old vaudeville theatres.
thermostat is not replaced and the overheating ( ⑤ ) The lyrics of the songs were shown as slides
problem stops anyway, you might be suspicious on the screen.
of the diagnostic abilities of the mechanic. [3점] ✽premises: 건물, 부지
✽inflammation: 염증 ✽✽thermostat: 온도 조절 장치
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C)

③ (B)－(C)－(A) ④ (C)－(A)－(B)

⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)

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39 22053-0314 40 22053-0315

According to Niklas Luhmann, distrust has a 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
function similar to trust because it also creates The tendency for people to do the logical thing
order and reduces complexity but with a higher with emotions or thoughts (to try to get rid of
effort of control. the “bad” ones and cling to the “good” ones) is
unwise. Trying to subtract reactions is unhelpful
In some parts of the literature, distrust, in
because there is no delete button in the human
contrast to trust, is defined as rationally based
nervous system — no psychological process called
expectations and a form of social control. ( ① )
“unlearning.” You can add to a learning history,
Based on the definition of Roy Lewicki and
but you cannot subtract from it. Even things that
other researchers, and contrary to a rational
are forgotten can be relearned again more readily
explanation, we understand relational distrust
because the organism is changed permanently in
as a social construct that is equally intuitive
some ways by the initial learning experience. If
and interdependent as relational trust. ( ② ) To
you try to get rid of your painful memories, the
be precise, relational trust is better understood
memories remain, but as a result of your efforts
as a social bonding mechanism that reduces
there are now new avenues leading to them, and
vigilance and the awareness of potential risks in
more moments connected to them. That is why
this relationship through an induced optimism.
a suppressed thought increases in frequency
( ③ ) Relational distrust is a mechanism that
as distractors soon function as reminders. The
divides people by inducing skepticism and
memory and the pain it contains will be more,
vigilance towards each other. ( ④ ) This might
not less, impactful. And trying to cling to positive
lead to a higher reflection of the other side but
relations can be unwise if the effort to do so makes
not necessarily to rational behavior. ( ⑤ ) For
one insensitive to changes in the internal and
instance, a professional business relationship might
external environments.
be successful when both parties involved perceive

a level of distrust and therefore introduce careful
negotiations about mutual expectations. [3점] Trying to remove painful memories (A)
✽vigilance: 경계, 조심
adverse effects because those memories remain,
now with more ways for the brain to (B)
them.
(A) (B)
① obscures forget
……
② creates access
……
③ complicates alter
……
④ suppresses restore
……
⑤ worsens weaken
……


41 22053-0316
Citizenship is ripe for closer examination. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Globalization, increased mobility, and growing
① Citizen Power Makes Democracy Work
anti-immigration politics highlight the fact that
② Weighing the Pros and Cons of Dual Citizenship
although most people in the world have citizenship
③ The Dilemma of Our Times: Equality vs. Fairness
‌
someplace, there are vastly unequal entitlements
④ Does Global Citizenship Education for Social
‌
attached to citizenship in particular countries. Justice Work?
The universalized sense in which the word is ⑤ Rethinking Citizenship: Highlighting Its
‌
used in political discourse in the United States Double-Sidedness
(a) masks the obvious fact that not everyone has US
citizenship and that most of the world is excluded
from it. To the extent an implication of equality
holds fast within the citizenry, it clearly does not
apply to those outside the fold. In more sedentary,
state-oriented times, it was easy to (b) ignore those
who were excluded from the citizenry because their
citizenship was held in other, distinct communities
largely out of view. Those communities were
(c) different enough that one could keep them at
arm’s length, a part of the natural order of things.
The result has been a global kind of separate but
equal.
That mindset is more difficult to sustain as 42 22053-0317
national identities blur and distances are eclipsed. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은
Citizenship still has its virtues. But as it more 것은? [3점]
obviously (d) erases the boundary of human
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
community, citizenship is a tool of exclusion as
well as inclusion. Citizenship has been a badge
of equality. It may be turning into a badge of
(e) privilege. As citizenship is increasingly situated
in a global context in which some have a “good”
one and some do not, it is important to explore its
meanings and mechanics.
✽citizenry: (집합적으로) 시민
✽✽sedentary: 정주적인, 한 곳에 머물러 사는

www.ebsi.co.kr

(A) Tripura Babu lived in a small room in an old
When Surapati was in his second year in college, and dilapidated boarding-house. Poverty stared
he was invited to the wedding of the sister of out of every corner. Tripura Babu told him how
his friend Gautam. It later proved to be the most (d) he tried to make a living out of his magic shows.
memorable evening in the history of Surapati’s He charged fifty rupees per show, but did not get
training as a magician, for that day he met Tripura too many invitations. The main reason for this,
Babu for the first time. A huge shamiana stood Surapati soon discovered, was Tripura Babu’s own
behind a house in Swinhoe Street. Tripura Babu sat lack of enthusiasm. Surapati could not imagine
under it, surrounded by a group of other wedding how anyone so talented could be so totally devoid
guests. At first glance, (a) he seemed quite ordinary. of ambition. When (e) he mentioned this, Tripura
But a closer look at what was happening on the Babu said with a sigh, “What would be the use of
mattress in front of him was enough for one’s trying to do more shows?”
✽dilapidated: 다 허물어져 가는
judgement to undergo a quick change.

✽shamiana: (행사용의) 대형 천막
(B)
Surapati spoke to his friends after this and
43 22053-0318

arranged a few shows. Tripura Babu agreed to teach
적절한 것은?
him (b) his art, possibly partly out of gratitude and
partly out of a genuine affection for the young man. ① (B)－(D)－(C) ② (C)－(B)－(D)

“I do not want any payment,” he said firmly. “I am ③ (C)－(D)－(B) ④ (D)－(B)－(C)

only glad that there will be someone to take things ⑤ (D)－(C)－(B)
forward after I’ve gone. But remember — you must
be patient. Nothing can be learnt in a hurry. I know
you will do much better in life than I have done, for 44 22053-0319
you have got what I haven’t: ambition.” In this way, 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
it was Surapati’s curiosity and ambition that laid ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
a foundation for him to become a great magician
later.
(C)
45 22053-0320
윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?

Surapati, at first, could not believe his own eyes.
A silver coin went rolling towards a golden ring ① 대학 2 학년 때 Surapati 는 친구 가족의 결혼식에 초대
‌
kept about a yard away. It stopped beside the 받았다.
ring and then both came rolling back to Tripura ② Tripura Babu는 Surapati에게 저렴한 비용에 마술을 가
‌
Babu. Surapati went to (c) him straight after 르쳐 주기로 했다.
dinner. Tripura Babu seemed very surprised at ③ Tripura Babu는 자신의 마술에 대한 Surapati의 관심에
‌
his interest. “I have never seen anyone interested 놀란 것 같았다.
in learning magic. Most seem happy simply to ④ Tripura Babu는 공연마다 50루피를 청구했지만 많은 초
‌
see a performance,” he said. Surapati went to 청을 받지는 못했다.
Tripura Babu’s house a couple of days later. It was, ⑤ Surapati는 Tripura Babu가 열정이 부족하다는 것을
‌
actually, much less than a house. 알게 되었다.

책1.indb 1 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:28

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수능완성

책1.indb 1 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:28

약한 유형은 강화하고, 강한 유형은 놓치지 말자

Let’s Check It Out Let’s Check It Out 정답과 해설 2쪽

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0001

2023학년도 대학수학능력시험 읽기 유형으로 출제 Dear Parents and Guardians,

① 학교 내 안전사고에 대한 보험 청구 방법을 안내하려고

 incident 사건  raccoon 미국너구리

Let’s Solve It with Strategies Let’s Solve It with Strategies

Step 1 글의 도입부에서 글의 유형과 중심 소재를 파악한다.

Let’s Check It Out에 소개된 대표 문제의 정답

전략을 점검 및 보완하여 각 유형에 대한 문제 해결

Vocabulary Review Vocabulary Review

괄호 안의 영영 풀이를 참고하여 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 Vocabulary in Context에서 찾아 쓰시오.

뜻풀이를 이용해 문맥 속 의미를 재점검함으로써 police.

수능 핵심 어휘를 복습할 수 있다. 3. People approved of the of the historical buildings.

책1.indb 2 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:28

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에 드러난 ‘I’의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

앞 페이지에서 익힌 문제풀이 전략을 바탕으로 각

한 회 한 회 풀면서 수능 영어를 완성하자

실전 모의고사 1회 제한시간 70 분 ┃ 배점 100 점

① 손 씻기 교육 캠페인 우수 사례를 소개하려고 ④

대화를 듣고, 남자가 여행용 가방 주문을 취소한 이유를 고르

다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 남자가 주문할 자전거용 신발을

82 EBS 수능완성 영어 실전 모의고사 1회 83

책1.indb 3 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:29

Chapter 02 필자의 주장ㆍ글의 요지 12

Chapter 17 장문의 이해 ( 1 ) : 1지문 2문항 72

Chapter 18 장문의 이해 ( 2 ) : 1지문 3문항 76

책1.indb 4 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:29

학생 모르는 문제, 찍어서 해설 강의 수강 교사 교재 문항을 한글(HWP)문서로 저장

※ EBSi 고교강의 앱 설치 후 이용하실 수 있습니다.

책1.indb 5 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:29

Chapter 02 필자의 주장ㆍ글의 요지 Chapter 11 빈칸 추론 ( 2 )

Chapter 04 글의 제목 Chapter 13 무관한 문장 파악

Chapter 07 실용문 Chapter 16 요약문 완성

Chapter 08 어법 Chapter 17 장문의 이해 ( 1 ) : 1지문 2문항

Chapter 09 어휘 Chapter 18 장문의 이해 ( 2 ) : 1지문 3문항

책1.indb 7 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:29

Let’s Check It Out 정답과 해설 2쪽

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0001

Dear Parents and Guardians,

① 학교 내 안전사고에 대한 보험 청구 방법을 안내하려고

 incident 사건  raccoon 미국너구리

책1.indb 8 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

Let’s Solve It with Strategies

Step 1 글의 도입부에서 글의 유형과 중심 소재를 파악한다.

괄호 안의 영영 풀이를 참고하여 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 Vocabulary in Context에서 찾아 쓰시오.

3. People approved of the of the historical buildings.

책1.indb 9 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에 드러난 ‘I’의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

책1.indb 10 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글에 드러난 Jonah의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?

Jonah felt like he was being watched. The hair

① 신제품에 대한 소비자 반응 조사를 요청하려고

책1.indb 11 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 22053-0006

① 상대방의 상황을 이해하려면 동정의 마음이 필요하다.

 compassion 동정, 연민  color 영향을 끼치다, 채색하다

책1.indb 12 2022-05-10 오후 7:14:30

Let’s Solve It with Strategies

Step 1 글의 도입부에서 중심 소재를 파악한다.

괄호 안의 영영 풀이를 참고하여 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 Vocabulary in Context에서 찾아 쓰시오.