Kurdistan regional government - Iraq

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Duhok Polytechnic University

Zakho Technical Institute

Dept. IT Department – Evening

First year – first Semester

( Technology )

Students name :

2022-2023
Outlined

 Introduction
 Definition

 History and development of

technology
 Technology damage

 Technology applications
 Introduction

The current era is characterized by scientific and technological progress as this era
has been called the era of the information, communication and technology
revolution because of the characteristics it contains that require certain individuals
who have many basic and necessary skills to facilitate dealing and adapting to this
era and its challenges. The capabilities and talents are what qualifies him to be able
to interact and deal with the mechanisms of the age and its innovations and rapid
changes. In light of the continuous development of knowledge and the steady
increase of human experiences, technological innovations have become a must-
have necessity for all students in all educational stages, as our world is
characterized by rapid change and tremendous development in the field of science
and technolog
Definition
Technology is a word of Greek origin, consisting of two syllables, namely:
“techno”, which means art, craft, or performance, and the second syllable is
“logia”, meaning study or science, and thus the word technology means the science
of ability to perform, or application.

Technology is also defined as the source of knowledge devoted to the manufacture

of tools, the processing procedure, and the extraction of materials. The term
technology is one of the broad terms that vary in understanding among individuals,
and it is used to accomplish various tasks in daily life. Therefore, they can be
described as products and treatments used to simplify daily life.

Technology is an application of science used to solve problems, and it is

noteworthy that technology and science are two different subjects from each other,
but they work together to accomplish certain tasks, or solve problems.

Technology can be applied in all areas of daily life, as it is used in work,

communications, transportation, education, manufacturing, trade, and other uses
that benefit people if they are used correctly, and harm them if they are used
incorrectly.
History and development of technology
Technology has gone through many developments over the ages, so technology
has been around as long as humans exist, and the most prominent technological
developments in history were as follows:
The Stone Age : The first forms of technology appeared in the Stone Age, and it
was by converting natural tools into useful tools used by humans, such as sticks
and stones.
The Neolithic Age : Human actions developed a lot in the period 3000-500 BC,
and many craftsmen and experts appeared who developed tools to serve humans,
and this is the first technological turning point in history.
The Middle Ages : During the Middle Ages, which extended between the years
500-1500 BC, the population of the earth increased greatly, and many crafts and
businesses appeared, including simple technological tools and machines that serve
these works.
The Islamic Era : The Islamic world expanded militarily and territorially after the
seventh century AD, and with this expansion many technological and scientific
inventions spread through trade and scientific missions, and Muslim scholars were
the source of this technology. The Islamic world became a civilization with
enormous expansionist energy in the seventh century.
From the point of view of technological diffusion, the importance of Islam lies in
the Arab absorption of the scientific and technological achievements of Greek
civilization, to which it added important additions, and technology spread through
commercial contacts with the Levant and North Africa.
 The Industrial Revolution : was considered the actual technological renaissance
period of the Renaissance, especially the invention of the steam engine in 1709
AD. With this invention, all machines developed and the automation system was
introduced little by little in all industries and forms of trade, then steam engines
and fuel engines were invented, and electricity was invented to change the shape
of the world technologically and militarily.
The modern era : During modern times and in the last decades, huge numbers of
technological machines beneficial to humanity were invented, most notably the
Internet, space science and nuclear technology, and technology invaded the
standard of living and way of life of many societies, and it became the main
relationship in the development of any civilization or state that is expressed by
technology.

Technology benefits
There are many benefits of technology in our lives, which benefit the individual
and society, and among these benefits are the following:
Communication with others :
The Internet and mobile devices have contributed to communicating with anyone
in the world, and establishing relationships with people over long distances.
Increasing job :
opportunities Technology and computers have helped increase the opportunity to
do many jobs remotely, as many people are able to work from home at their
preferred times.
Increasing the wealth of information :
It became possible to access all kinds of knowledge easily and easily, books are
no longer the only means of knowledge.
Increased entertainment :
People have great choices of movies, shows, games, music, and other options that
are available all the time.
Saving time and effort :
It became possible to perform complex arithmetic operations very quickly, and
medical, chemical, and astronomical achievements were also achieved because of
computers, and the matter was not limited to that, as technology provided cars,
washing machines, banking services, and many other devices that helped save time
and effort.

Technology damage
There are many damages to technology if it is used incorrectly, and among these
damages are the following:
Pollution :
The excessive use of technology has led to an increase in waste in the environment,
which has led to pollution, as the increase in the number of vehicles and the
resulting emissions is one of the main causes of air pollution, and the excessive use
of agricultural pesticides has led to soil erosion.
Wasting time :
Technology contributed to wasting time and energy with unproductive work. For
example, technology allowed people to surf the Internet; To get the required
information, but some people are addicted to the various activities available on the
Internet; Like playing, browsing, and other time wasters.
Excessive dependency :
Excessive reliance on technology in all tasks contributed to a feeling of
helplessness and inability to achieve in the absence of modern means.
The impact on health :
Modern technologies contribute to the impact on health, as the noise resulting
from the sounds of vehicles and factories affects the human auditory senses, and
the excessive use of mobile phones leads to multiple health problems; Such as
tension, stress, and other problems.

Technology applications
Technology has developed a lot in recent years, and has relied on many tools, such
as: the Internet, e-mail, processing calls, spreadsheets, electronic databases, and
automation, and this technology has turned into something that pervades life and
is indispensable in business and public life, as technology has become Lots of apps
like:

 communication techniques : Long-distance communications are the most

important applications of modern technology, and these communications
have brought about a major revolution in the fields of work. In the past,
companies relied on faxes, regular mail, and telephone communications.
Nowadays, they have been replaced by visual communications, e-mail, text
messages, and chat programs, which reduces the material cost and the time
required to do so. at work.

 Office work : Technology affected the way of working, so doing all work
and calls became available from the office, and using it turned into a routine
and usual matter for the majority of employees, which led to a complete shift
in favoring quick office work over field work.
 Record keeping and retrieval : The method of saving files has shifted
thanks to the spread of technology and most companies to electronic
databases, instead of paper files, so accessing and storing information has
become very easy, and dealing with employees and the work environment
has become easy and fast.

 Decentralized work and cloud computing : The spread of technology,

laptops, tablets, and smart phones made it easy to change the idea of the
workplace, so work environments became more flexible, and it was possible
to accomplish a large part of the work at home, or to move to self-
employment, and benefited from this trend by relying on storing materials
and applications on a single cloud server.

 Analytics and new decision structures : Technology has helped to create

modern tools for all different business functions, for example, marketing
requires specialists to use many tools routinely to analyze business and
publish advertisements, and now all these characteristics are available in one
program that provides all the necessary tools, and there are special programs
for human resources employees that automatically track employment
requests and employee performance .

 Information Security : Protecting customer and business data is one of the

most important things in different fields of work, and with the development
of technology, security cyber attacks on companies have spread, but a lot of
software and applications are available to protect corporate information.
 Automation and robotics : Technology has developed greatly, and
automation has entered almost all businesses. In the modern industrial sector,
robots have worked side by side with workers, and their presence has become
increasing in warehouses, logistics, and even in the security and health fields.
Reference
 google scholar https://mawdoo3.com